FR2468352A1 - Intra-alveolar dental implant - comprises cylindrical metal stem with blades and ribs engaging in tooth socket - Google Patents

Abstract

The intra-alveolar and intra-osteal dental implant comprises a metal frame with a stem of cylindrical section. A cap is fitted on the end consisting of two or more blades in different vertical planes, for positioning part-way beyond the tooth socket. The intra-alveolar portion is a metal head locking into engagement with the bottom of the socket. Holding and stabilising ribs are shaped to correspond with the socket cross-section, while the emergent intra-buccal portion has a stump, for the attachment of a false tooth.

Description

 The invention relates to an endoalveolar, and endosseous dental implant, intended to replace one or more dental roots which are no longer usable by conventional methods: roots or teeth intended for avulsion whatever its cause.

 The fundamental principle of this invention is the use of one or more approved maxillary or mandibular dental roots to produce a metal part (endo-alveolar implant) of volumetric contour equal or homothetic to the root or roots considered.

 One of the main interests of the implementation of this invention is to allow, thanks to the use of the emerging intraoral part, to preserve or create one or more anchoring points necessary for the realization of dental unit prostheses or plural, fixed, removable, or movable-irremovable, or intermediate anchor points intended for the realization. prostheses.

 Another advantage of this invention is to maintain the height of the alveolar bone if this implant is used without an emerging intraoral part.

 This endo-alveolar implant mainly consists of a metal frame obtained by a technique of duplicating the initial root volume.

 This duplication can be carried out by various conventional processes in dental prosthesis, the most common of which is the so-called "lost wax" casting technique.

 It should be noted that the endo-alveolar volume of the implant is very often greater, sometimes equal, rarely less than the volume of the root or roots considered.

 The different parts of this metal frame are made either by a direct sculpture of a calable material, or by the use of prefabricated and calibrated elements (also made of burnable material? And positioned using the intermediate instruments below described ..

 There are already several types of endosseous implants whose general shape is represented either by a straight line (needle implant), or by a plane (blade implant), or by two perpendicular planes (T3D), or by a turn (implant screw), or by a volume reminiscent of a dental root (vitrified carbon).

 All of these endosseous implants have a common characteristic: they require the production of one or more wells, tracheae or cavities within the maxillary or mandibular bone to allow their insertion; with all the difficulties represented by the creation of this or these wells, cut into oti cavities which must respect the different anauomic obstacles present: clear, arteries and natural cavities: sinuses, nasal cavities.

The general principle of all these other endosseous implants being to choose, in junction of the bony volume dlspo nlble between the summit of the edentulous ridges and the anatomical outer lip diltents, a type of implant that can be inserted therein, and to reassemble afterwards, on sight, an "identical" bone cavity allowing its insertion
The originality of the invention is the use of an existing natural cavity which - nature being well done - respects all anatomical obstacles by tightening them as closely as possible.

 The insertion of this implant does not require prior gingival surgery - surgery essential for almost all other types of endosseous implants - does not cause loss of gum attached to the maxilla level or more often to the mandibular level.

 In addition, this invention avoiding any mechanical creation, therefore traumatic, of one or more wells, scarlets or cavities within the bone, does not generate unpleasant operative suites for the patient.

 The metal infrastructure of the endo-alveolar implant is mainly made up of four parts: the capsule of the implant figure Ia (endosseous, extra-alveolar) the axis of the implant figure Ib (endo-alveolar, interstitial) ), the retentive and stabilizing fins figure Ic (endo-alveolar) the false stump figure Id (intra-buccalj.

 The capsule of the implant is made from prefaoricated elements in calcinaole material (same for the axis).

 As an example we can describe a possible form of capsule and implant axis: the implant capsule is formed by two or more blades oriented in different planes in Figure 2b and 2c.

 The general shape of each blade is formed by a rectangle or a trapezium surmounted by a triangle figure 2a; all of course being made in one piece. The line of intersection of these blades can be reinforced so as to ensure the rigidity of the capsule.

 The purely intraosseous part, figure If (beyond the alveolus) of this capsule is produced in different lengths and sizes so as to be able to make maximum use of the available bone volume between the apical part of the alveolus and the different anatomical obstacles.

 usable bone volume is directly measured on a panoramic rauiographic image of the dental arches. Knowing the percentage of error related to the type of radiographic device used, we can choose the capsule model most appropriate to the case considered.

 Note that in extreme cases, this implant can be produced without adding a capsule to it in Figure 3.

 This capsule also has an intra-alveolar part shown in FIG. 1e whose general apical contour is conoid of rounded shape, and the general occlusal contour of a conoid of the same axis with occlusal concavity. The intersection of these two concordants is made by a sharp edge.

 The axis of the implant figure Ib is formed of a generally cylindrical rod, it is produced in the extension of the axis of the capsule figure la. Of course, the axis of this implant rod can be modified as required.

 This implant axis shown in Ib is of sufficient length to be able to be used in all cases.

 The retentive and stabilizing fins in Figure Ic, of a number determined according to the case considered, are centered on the axis of the implant in Figure lb.

 Their projection on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the implant is identical or homothetic to the projection of the cross section in Figure 4a at the same level, on this same plane.

 The direction and shape of these fins are made so that they are in line with the bone reconstruction.

 These fins can be hollowed out in FIG. 4a to promote better idle interpenetration within them. The edges of the perforations thus created have a softened or beveled outline in FIG. 4b.

 In addition, these fins promote the good behavior of the chemical constituent in FIG. 4c of the implant intended to induce bone formation.

 The chemical constituent in FIG. 4c of the implant intended to induce bone formation can be a simple absorbable alveolar dressing, dry plaster prepared with physiological saline, tricalcium phosphates, or any other mineral or organic product inert in bone and tavori medium. - healthy bone reconstruction.

 The number, position, shape and 'and 11orientation of these fins Figure Ic is determined according to the case considered.

 The false stump Figure Id can be produced in different ways, let us cite for example two typical cases: -direct carving by adding burnable material on the axis of the implant sectioned at the desired height; sculpture obeying all the rules of parallelism and retention of conventional prosthesis = realization on the axis of the implant of a thread allowing the screwing of a prefabricated metal stump.

 In all cases, it will be preferable for the base of the false stump opposite the socket to have a convexity in FIG. 3a directed towards it.

 In the case of making endoalveolar implants on multiradlculated teeth, the implants fitting into each socket can be joined by the same false stump if parallelism allows, or each have a small false stump, they are in this case parallelized between them and get a superstructure connecting them.

In some cases (lower molars in particular)
The implant inserting into each socket can be used separately as there would be two monoradules.

 Conversely, two or more implants intere ~ - sant monoradiculées adjacent or close to each other can be joined by the same superstructure.

This supersture may have a shape similar to that of one or more abutments, but may also consist of 11 prosthetic element itself
The instrumentation necessary for the preparation for the realization, and the installation of this endo-alveolar implant is as follows:
The cylindrical-conical forests in FIG. 5a intended for drilling the dental canal exist in three sizes to obtain the final bore, a bore which will be less than the diameter of the studs intended to be sealed in the canal thus prepared. These drills are designed to be mounted on handpiece or against angle for slow speeds.

 'Bes cylindrical posts in Figure 5b which are sealed in the canal preparation carried out are not cylindro-conical so as to be able to correct their height if the need arises.

 Graduations are engraved on the studs in figure 5b and the drill corresponds to check their penetration.

 The extra radicular end of the posts has a flattened oval, retentive head, allowing the impression material to remove the prefabricated metal post and teeth roots without deformation.

 This retentive part of the post is notched in FIG. 5c so that it can be inserted fully into the root using the positioning key tigure 5d.

 The positioning key in FIG. 5d necessary for the screwing-in of the cylindrical post in the stadapte root on the flat head of the post 5b.

porte empreinre rlglde figure o, très fortement crante/sur sa partie interne. il possède en ouvre une gouttière antagoniste pour la prise de mordu.To remove the root (s), use a

empreinre rlglde figure o, very strongly serrated / on its internal part. he has an antagonistic gutter in use for taking a bite.

 There are four different models of this type with the impression: a median, right uri, a run at arobe, Us curve to the left.

There are two types of laboratory drills allowing the creation of the cavity necessary for the capsule on the hard plaster model:
A first cylindrical or cylindro-conical drill in FIG. 7a end is intended to give the general axis chosen. The realization of this well is purposely deeper than the length of the capsule to be used, this to guide the passage of the second drill in FIG. 7b which will prepare the capsule receiving cavity. Drill whose extension Figure 7d has a foam end.

This second drill, figure 7b, exists in different lengths and sizes identical to the dimensions of the prefabricated figure If capsules, its ridges are very fine (strawberry style to finish).

Mill marks are engraved on the barrel so as to check the depth of the sinking. We can use a metal plate spanning the cell through or against which the drill passes, to obtain a more precise reading of the penetration;
Another type of drill figure 7c can be used to create the receptor cavity of the capsule: at the llmlte -supérie-ure ~ of active part is a cone figure 76 or a metal sphere intended to rest on the bottom of the 'aivéole, thus avoiding too deep penetration.

 Note that in the mouth, before the implant is placed, the receptor site of the capsule is prepared using a long tungsten carbide turbine bur.

 The use of this cutter is simply intended to destroy the bottom of the socket, and not to create within the cancellous bone the same cavity as that produced on the hard plaster model. The insertion being done in force.

 When using the screwed abutment technique, a Figure 8 tap is required. No screw thus created on the axis of the implant corresponds to that of the prefabricated metal stump.

 Of course, the invention described above is not limited to the examples of embodiments shown.

If necessary, other modes and other embodiments may be used, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

CLAIMS I) Anatomical endo-alveolar and endosseous dental implant comprising a metal frame consisting of a figure Ib axis, most often cylindrical, at the apical end of which is a capsule Ia formed by two or more vertical blades oriented in plans differenst, this capsule being intended to be positinnée partly beyond the alveolus If. The intra-alveolar part of the capsule Ie is formed by a metallic mass which comes to block in the bottom of the alveolus. On the intra-alveolar part of the axis Ig are arranged retentive and stabilizing fins Ic whose contour is homothetic to the c, o, transverse upe of the alveolus at the point considered. On the emerging part, intra-oral, of the 1h axis is made or fixed a false stump Id intended to promote the fixation of prostheses. - 2) Trnp ant endo-alveolar conforming to rvendîoation I, characterized in that the capsule is made from prefabricated elements of different lengths and sizes.  30) Endo-alveolar implant according to the claim.  I, characterized in that the blades constituting the capsule have the shape of a

 rectangle or trapezium surmounted by a triangle, and, vertically oriented in the continuation of the alveolus, this to favor the penetration within lets. And that the line of intersection of these blades can be reinforced to ensure rigidity.  4) Endo-alveolar implant according to claim I, characterized in that the intra-alveolar part of the capsule, the axis aside, is not prefabricated: but can be constructed from prefabricated elements.  5) Endo-alveolar implant according to claiml, characterized in that the metal fins are made manually of burnable material, that they are in sufficient number to ensure stabilization and retention, that their shape and their orientation is favorable bone reconstruction, and they may have perforations to increase bone penetration.  60) Endo-alveolar implant as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prefabricated axis of the implant can be modified in its direction to make up for the parallelism: and that the diameter of this axis can be increased or reduced according to the case considered.  7) Endo-alveolar implant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal frame is made in one piece, except for the abutment which can be either prefabricated or made apart and secondarily secured to the frame.  80) Endo-alveolar implant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space remaining around and through the fins can be filled with a chemical or other element inducing bone reconstruction.  90) Ento-alveolar implant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire metal frame can be microbeaded in order to very substantially increase the surface in contact with the bone.  I0) Endo-alveolar implant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the obligation to use different instruments, the first of which is a cylindrical-conical drill having been graduated intended to prepare the canal; this drill is available in three sizes, the diameter of which is previously established.  II) Cylindrical tenons, the barrel of which is also graduated, have a flattened, oval and retentive head; this head is also vaunted to receive the positioning key.  I2) This manual positioning key fits on the notched head of the post in accordance with claim II.  I3) A rigid and notched impression tray is necessary for positioning the root (s); there are different models of the impression tray.  I4) A cylindrical laboratory drill 7a is intended to materialize the axis of insertion of the capsule; the second drill 7b makes it possible to prepare the receiving cavity of the capsule. This drill exists in different Different lengths and sizes, its foam end 7d guides you along the axis of the well created by the drill 7a; on the barrel of these two drills are engraved with 'epères' to verify their penetration.  I5) Another type of drill having a cone with a limit digging station. 7d taking support in the bottom of the cell has ega  a foam end to guide the drilling.  I6! A tap Figure 8 is necessary to make the ace of screws on the intra-oral axis when lton uses a pre-patriate abutment.