FR2466176A1 - Digester to produce methane for rural power supplies - can reverse flow of liq. manure etc. to prevent blockages - Google Patents

Digester to produce methane for rural power supplies - can reverse flow of liq. manure etc. to prevent blockages Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2466176A1
FR2466176A1 FR7925155A FR7925155A FR2466176A1 FR 2466176 A1 FR2466176 A1 FR 2466176A1 FR 7925155 A FR7925155 A FR 7925155A FR 7925155 A FR7925155 A FR 7925155A FR 2466176 A1 FR2466176 A1 FR 2466176A1
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vessel
organic matter
installation according
fermentation
gas
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FR2466176B1 (en
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DECAND CLAUDE
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DECAND CLAUDE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/24—Recirculation of gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

An installation for the continuous prodn. of methane gas by anaerobic fermentation of waste material of animal or vegetable origin. The fermentation takes place in a horizontal cylindrical vessel made of metal or polyester. Waste material is fed intermittently into the vessel. No mechanical agitators, electric heaters or chemical additives are employed inside the vessel to promote fermentation. Pref. the vessel has at each end both an inlet and an outlet for raw material. Flow of material is periodically reversed by switching from inflow to outflow at one end and from outflow to inflow at the other end. Methane gas is pref. recycled through, the vessel to stir up fermenting material. The gas is injected via thin pipes in the lower part of the vessel. Used for prodn. of methane gas partic. for energy supplies in rural areas where organic waste material is readily available. Reversible movement of material through fermenting vessel overcomes blocking problems. The vessel contains no moving mechanical or live electrical equipment which could be hazardous and would require frequent maintenance. The construction is simple and inexpensive and the operation is uncomplicated.

Description

L'objet de l'invention est une installation permettant de fabriquer du méthane(CH4)à partir de la fermentation de matières organiques d'origines animales ou végétales. The object of the invention is an installation making it possible to manufacture methane (CH4) from the fermentation of organic materials of animal or vegetable origin.

Dans les dispositions connues de ce genre,la production du méthane s'effectue par la fermentation anaérobie des matières organiques dans une ou plusieurs cuves horizontales ou verticales hermétiquement fermées.Des expériences ont été effectuées sur des cuves horizontales isolées,chauffées, brassées mécaniquement,Brevet GUILLIANI du 30 Mai 1974, comportant également un sas d'entrée et de sortie de la matière organique afin d'éviter les entrées d'air dans les cuves,ou bien encore un système de cuves superposées à chargement automatique ou semi-automatique;brevet BARRER du 21 Juin 1976 et certificat d'addition N07735966 du 22
Novembre 1977.In known arrangements of this kind, the production of methane is carried out by anaerobic fermentation of organic matter in one or more hermetically closed horizontal or vertical tanks. Experiments have been carried out on insulated, heated, mechanically stirred horizontal tanks, Patent GUILLIANI of May 30, 1974, also comprising an airlock for the entry and exit of organic matter in order to avoid the entry of air into the tanks, or even a system of stacked tanks with automatic or semi-automatic loading; patent BARRER dated June 21, 1976 and certificate of addition N07735966 dated 22
November 1977.

Toutes les améliorations apportées aux cuves horizontales de digestion continue ne donnent pas de véritables remèdes à tous les inconvénients rencontrés dans le fonctionnement de ces types d'appareils. All the improvements made to the horizontal continuous digestion tanks do not provide real remedies for all the disadvantages encountered in the operation of these types of apparatus.

On sait que les conditions réunies pour une fermentation ayant pour objectif principal la production de méthane, sont: l'absence d'air dans l'enceinte de fermentation,une température constante voisine de 370 sans aucunes variations accidentelles supérieures à 20,afin de ne pas détruire les bactéries.On sait également qu'en milieu acide l'activité enzymatique se bloque et qu'en milieu basique il peut se créer un effet tampon.Ces phénomènes perturbent la production du gaz pouvant aller jusqu'a un arrêt complet de la digestion:le PH optimum pour une excellente digestion se situant entre 7 et 7,5.0n sait également que l'agitation ou brassage périodique de la matière première est nécessaire pour éviter la formation de croûtes,en éparpillant les bactéries qui s'agglomèrent autour des particules de matières organiques ayant pour conséquence d'augmenter l'acidité du milieu. On sait que les moyens utilisés pour corriger la valeur du PH d'un milieu en fermentation consistent en l'adjonction d'acides ou bases pouvant endommager les installations ou modifier et altérer les qualités des boues susceptibles d'être recueillies comme engrais agricoles. We know that the conditions for a fermentation with the main objective of methane production are: the absence of air in the fermentation chamber, a constant temperature close to 370 without any accidental variations greater than 20, so as not to not destroy the bacteria. We also know that in an acid medium the enzymatic activity is blocked and that in a basic medium it can create a buffering effect. These phenomena disturb the production of gas which can go as far as a complete cessation of the digestion: the optimum pH for excellent digestion being between 7 and 7.5.0 We also know that the periodic stirring or stirring of the raw material is necessary to avoid the formation of crusts, by scattering the bacteria which agglomerate around the organic matter particles which increase the acidity of the medium. We know that the means used to correct the PH value of a fermentation medium consist of adding acids or bases which can damage the installations or modify and alter the qualities of the sludge likely to be collected as agricultural fertilizer.

Afin d'y parvenir,la présente invention propose la construction de cuves métalliques ou en polyester circulaires, étanches aux gaz et chauffées.Elles ont la particularité suivante d'être à doubles entrées et sorties,et munies à leur partie inférieure d'une double rampe de recirculation de gaz. In order to achieve this, the present invention proposes the construction of circular metallic or polyester tanks, gas tight and heated. They have the following particularity of being with double inlets and outlets, and provided at their lower part with a double gas recirculation manifold.

Dans le système de digestion horizontal continu,la cuve ou digesteur fonctionne par déplacement de la matière organique suivant un cycle de durée déterminée.Lors du chargement ,la matière organique broyée et diluée est introduite périodiquement dans le digesteur sous consistance crémeuse,en même temps s'effectue,en quantités égales,une évacuation des boues issues de la digestion.La quantité du volume introduite est le rapport du volume total du digesteur sur la durée du cycle.In the continuous horizontal digestion system, the tank or digester operates by moving the organic matter in a cycle of fixed duration. When loading, the crushed and diluted organic matter is periodically introduced into the digester in a creamy consistency, at the same time s '' performs, in equal quantities, a discharge of sludge from digestion.The quantity of volume introduced is the ratio of the total volume of the digester over the duration of the cycle.

A chaque entrée de la cuve correspond à son opposé une sortie d'évacuation.La présente invention permet donc en cas de tamponnement de la matière en digestion d'introduire en sens inverse du déplacement une ou plusieurs quantités successives de matières organiques,cassant ainsi le cycle de la digestion et détamponnant le milieu.La réaction de fermentation redevenant normal,le sens initial de déplacement sera repris.Each inlet to the tank corresponds to its opposite, an outlet outlet. The present invention therefore makes it possible, in the event of buffering of the material under digestion, to introduce one or more successive quantities of organic matter in the opposite direction of movement, thereby breaking the digestion cycle and detamping the medium. The fermentation reaction returning to normal, the initial direction of movement will be resumed.

Les 2 rampes à gaz situées en fond de cuve dans le sens longitudinal ont pour effet de remplacer le brassage mécanique pouvant être une source d'accidents.Le gaz traité est recyclé en pression par ces-rampes,à l'intérieur de la cuve créant un bouillonnement de la masse en fermentation,détruisant ainsi les croûtes naissantes.Ce recyclage,suivant la nature même des composants de la matière organique a traiter, pourra être continu ou périodique.le système de chauffage retenu est de système connu à circulation d'eau chaude par serpentin à l'intérieur de la cuve et muni de sondes thermostatiques et régulateur différentiel. The 2 gas ramps located at the bottom of the tank in the longitudinal direction have the effect of replacing the mechanical stirring which can be a source of accidents. The treated gas is recycled under pressure by these ramps, inside the tank creating a boiling of the fermenting mass, thus destroying the incipient crusts. This recycling, according to the very nature of the components of the organic matter to be treated, may be continuous or periodic. The heating system adopted is of known system with water circulation hot by coil inside the tank and fitted with thermostatic probes and differential regulator.

BUT ET AVANTAGES DE CE DISPOSITIF; a/ Suppression d'apport chimique pour relancer le processus de digestion.PURPOSE AND BENEFITS OF THIS DEVICE; a / Suppression of chemical contribution to revive the digestion process.

b/ Mettre à la disposition de l'utilisateur un dispositif de manoeuvre simple,lui permettant d'augmenter ses rendements de gaz par une conduite aisée de son digesteur et la possibilité en cas de panne,par faute de surveillance,de relancer la digestion sans être obligé d'effectuer uae vidange complète de l'appareil.b / Provide the user with a simple maneuvering device, allowing him to increase his gas yields by easy operation of his digester and the possibility in the event of a breakdown, for lack of monitoring, to restart digestion without be obliged to perform a complete emptying of the appliance.

c/ Absence à l'intérieur de la cuve de systèmes mécaniques et électriques pouvant être la cause d'accidents graves.c / Absence inside the tank of mechanical and electrical systems which can be the cause of serious accidents.

Le dessin joint représenté schématiquement permet de mieux faire comprendre l'invention. The attached drawing shown schematically allows a better understanding of the invention.

La fig.1 représente la coupe longitudinale de la cuve suivant la ligne A-A,la fig.2 est une coupe en plan suivant la ligne B-B,la fig.3 la coupe transversale suivant la ligne -C-C- ,la fig.4 la vue en plan des tubes de diffusion du gaz et la fig.5 la coupe transversale d'un des deux tubes suivant la ligne -D-D
Tel que représenté sur la fig.1 et la fig.2 ,la matière organique est introduite par le tube(1).Ce tube est en forme de siphon afin d'éviter les entrées d'air à l'intérieur de la cuve.L'évacuation,après la durée du cycle de digestion s'effectue par le tube(2).L'inversion de marche s'opère en introduisant la matière organique par le tube(3) de forme identique au tube(1),son évacuation se faisant en(4).Fig.1 shows the longitudinal section of the tank along the line AA, Fig.2 is a plan section along the line BB, Fig.3 the cross section along the line -CC-, Fig.4 the view in plan of the gas diffusion tubes and fig.5 the cross section of one of the two tubes along the line -DD
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, organic matter is introduced through the tube (1). This tube is in the form of a siphon in order to prevent air from entering the interior of the tank. The evacuation, after the duration of the digestion cycle is carried out by the tube (2). The reversal takes place by introducing the organic matter by the tube (3) of identical shape to the tube (1), its evacuation taking place in (4).

Un système de vannes ou d'électro-vannes commandant les diverses manoeuvres est représenté:sur la fig.1 pour les entrées de Matières organiques(11),sur la fig.2 et la fig.3 pour les évacuations (12). A system of valves or electro-valves controlling the various maneuvers is shown: in fig. 1 for the inputs of organic matter (11), in fig. 2 and fig. 3 for the evacuations (12).

La position des rampes de gaz(5) à l'intérieur de la cuve est précisée par la fig.1 et la fig.2.- Ces rampes sont constituées par 2 tubes d'acier reliés entre-eux à l'une de leurs extrémités,comme l'indique la fig.4.
Ces tubes sont perforés de trous d'un diamètre déterminé pour la diffusion du gaz de recyclage.-La fig.5 indique que l'axe de ces trous forme un angle également déterminé avec la verticale du tube.The position of the gas ramps (5) inside the tank is specified in fig.1 and fig.2.- These ramps are formed by 2 steel tubes connected to one of their ends, as shown in fig. 4.
These tubes are perforated with holes of a determined diameter for the diffusion of the recycling gas. FIG. 5 indicates that the axis of these holes forms an angle also determined with the vertical of the tube.

Les autres parties numérotées sur la fig.1 la fig.2 et la fig.3,dont il n'est pas fait mention sont respectivement: (6) évacuation du gaz,(7)regard hermétique de visite à l'intérieur de la cuve.(8)sondes thermostatiques(9) circuit de chauffage.(10) tube de lavage et de nettoyage de l'appareil lors de son arrêt pour l'entretien. The other parts numbered in fig. 1 fig. 2 and fig. 3, which are not mentioned are respectively: (6) gas evacuation, (7) hermetic inspection window inside the tank. (8) thermostatic sensors (9) heating circuit. (10) washing and cleaning tube of the appliance when it is stopped for maintenance.

La présente invention peut être utilisée en zône rurale pour le traitement des fumiers et lisiers,afin de produire du méthane dont l'utilisateur pourra soit directement soit à l'aide d'un appareil dé conversion remplacer les énergies classiques utilisées:FOD - Essence - Electricité - Charbon, et lui permettre ainsi avec une installation de ce type de de disposer d'une autonomie énergétique pratiquement totale, avec possibilité éventuelle de cession de ses surplus. The present invention can be used in a rural area for the treatment of manure and slurry, in order to produce methane the user of which can either directly or using a conversion device replace the conventional energies used: FOD - Gasoline - Electricity - Coal, and thus allow it with an installation of this type to have an almost total energy autonomy, with possible possibility of disposal of its surpluses.

Claims (6)

" B E V E N D I C A T I O N S "  "B E V E N D I C A T I O N S" 1- Installation énergétique autonome permettant la production de gaz méthane(CH4)destiné en zône rurale,aux habitations collectives et individuelles,caractérisés par le fait que cette production se fait par la fermentation anaérobie controlée et commandée de matières organiques d'origine animales et végétales dans une cuve horizontale unique,métallique ou en polyester alimentée d'une façon périodique en produisant du gaz d'une manière continue. 1- Autonomous energy installation allowing the production of methane gas (CH4) intended in rural area, for collective and individual dwellings, characterized by the fact that this production is done by the anaerobic fermentation controlled and ordered of organic matter of animal and vegetable origin in a single horizontal, metallic or polyester tank fed periodically by producing gas continuously. 2- Installation suivant la revendication(1) caractérisée par le fait que des dispositifs non mécaniques,non électriques et non chimiques sont prévu à cette cuve pour pallier à certains accidents de fermentation dûs en particulier à une modification de la valeur de la matière organique en cours de traitement. 2- Installation according to claim (1) characterized in that non-mechanical, non-electric and non-chemical devices are provided in this tank to compensate for certain fermentation accidents due in particular to a change in the value of the organic matter in course of treatment. 3- Installation suivant les revendications(1)et(2) caractérisée en ce que les dites dispositions comportent une double entrée et sortie de la matière organique a traiter afin de permettre une inversion de sens du déroulement du cycle de digestion et annhiler les possibilités de système tampon du milieu de fermentation. 3- Installation according to claims (1) and (2) characterized in that said provisions comprise a double entry and exit of the organic matter to be treated in order to allow an inversion of direction of the course of the digestion cycle and annihilate the possibilities of buffer system of the fermentation medium. 4- Installation suivant les revendications (2)et(3) caractérisée en ce qu'une double rampe de diffusion du gaz, dont le but est de créer une turbulence de la matière en fermentation,et de briser les éventuelles croûtes en formation. 4- Installation according to claims (2) and (3) characterized in that a double gas diffusion ramp, the purpose of which is to create turbulence in the fermenting material, and to break up any crusts in formation. 5- Installation suivant la revendication(3)caractérisée par le fait que les circuits d'entrée et de sortie des matières organique s sont commandés par vannes ou électrovannes. 5- Installation according to claim (3) characterized in that the input and output circuits of organic matter s are controlled by valves or solenoid valves. 6- Installation suivant la revendication(4)caractérisée en ce que les tubes des rampes de diffusion du gaz de recirculation comportent des orifices de diamètre déterminé et dont l'axe avec la verticale du tube forme un angle également déterminé. 6- Installation according to claim (4) characterized in that the tubes of the diffusion gas diffusion ramps have orifices of determined diameter and whose axis with the vertical of the tube forms an angle also determined.
FR7925155A 1979-10-04 1979-10-04 Digester to produce methane for rural power supplies - can reverse flow of liq. manure etc. to prevent blockages Granted FR2466176A1 (en)

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FR7925155A FR2466176A1 (en) 1979-10-04 1979-10-04 Digester to produce methane for rural power supplies - can reverse flow of liq. manure etc. to prevent blockages

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FR7925155A FR2466176A1 (en) 1979-10-04 1979-10-04 Digester to produce methane for rural power supplies - can reverse flow of liq. manure etc. to prevent blockages

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2551457A2 (en) * 1982-07-22 1985-03-08 Union Ind Entreprise Process and plant for carrying out a decomposition in anaerobic environment of organic products, byproducts and waste
EP0192900A1 (en) * 1983-11-30 1986-09-03 Valorga Process Sa Process and installation for realizing the degradation in an anaerobic medium of organic products, by-products and wastes of human, animal and/or vegetal origin
WO1986005200A1 (en) * 1985-03-05 1986-09-12 Union Industrielle Et D'entreprise Method and plant for the degradation in an anaerobic medium of organic products, by-products and waste of human, animal and/or vegetal origin

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR893537A (en) * 1942-12-31 1944-07-30 Process for the twinning of fermentations, zymothermal and methane, of fermentable materials, and device for its implementation
CH237156A (en) * 1941-09-17 1945-04-15 Massaux Leonard Installation for the production of combustible gas by fermentation of organic products and comprising a fermentation tank.
FR1068501A (en) * 1951-12-22 1954-06-25 Gasifier for the production of methane gas from farm manure or other organic matter
AU480689B2 (en) * 1971-11-11 1974-05-09 Samamatic Tanks Proprietary Limited Method for anaerobic fermentation
US3954619A (en) * 1975-05-06 1976-05-04 Lucius John Fry Scum drag
DE2535756A1 (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-02-24 Hermann Besler Anaerobic fermenter for animal and vegetable waste - producing methane gas and fertiliser acting fermented product
DE2752271A1 (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-06-22 Siegfried Baer Methane gas generation from farm sewage - using tank with heater, inflatable rubber cover, gas and fluid lines
FR2374413A2 (en) * 1976-07-21 1978-07-13 Barreth Hans Organic waste fermentation plant for methane fuel gas prodn. - uses prefabricated vessels for successive aerobic and anaerobic process stages

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH237156A (en) * 1941-09-17 1945-04-15 Massaux Leonard Installation for the production of combustible gas by fermentation of organic products and comprising a fermentation tank.
FR893537A (en) * 1942-12-31 1944-07-30 Process for the twinning of fermentations, zymothermal and methane, of fermentable materials, and device for its implementation
FR1068501A (en) * 1951-12-22 1954-06-25 Gasifier for the production of methane gas from farm manure or other organic matter
AU480689B2 (en) * 1971-11-11 1974-05-09 Samamatic Tanks Proprietary Limited Method for anaerobic fermentation
US3954619A (en) * 1975-05-06 1976-05-04 Lucius John Fry Scum drag
DE2535756A1 (en) * 1975-08-11 1977-02-24 Hermann Besler Anaerobic fermenter for animal and vegetable waste - producing methane gas and fertiliser acting fermented product
FR2374413A2 (en) * 1976-07-21 1978-07-13 Barreth Hans Organic waste fermentation plant for methane fuel gas prodn. - uses prefabricated vessels for successive aerobic and anaerobic process stages
DE2752271A1 (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-06-22 Siegfried Baer Methane gas generation from farm sewage - using tank with heater, inflatable rubber cover, gas and fluid lines

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2551457A2 (en) * 1982-07-22 1985-03-08 Union Ind Entreprise Process and plant for carrying out a decomposition in anaerobic environment of organic products, byproducts and waste
EP0192900A1 (en) * 1983-11-30 1986-09-03 Valorga Process Sa Process and installation for realizing the degradation in an anaerobic medium of organic products, by-products and wastes of human, animal and/or vegetal origin
WO1986005200A1 (en) * 1985-03-05 1986-09-12 Union Industrielle Et D'entreprise Method and plant for the degradation in an anaerobic medium of organic products, by-products and waste of human, animal and/or vegetal origin

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