FI96838C - Security lock of an elevator - Google Patents

Description

i 96838

ELEVATOR SAFETY BRAKE

The invention relates to a safety brake for a rope-hung elevator according to the preamble of claim 1.

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One type of elevator safety brake is one in which there is a wedge gripper between the elevator guides and the elevator car that stops the elevator from moving up or down. The wedge gripper is usually activated by a closed rope loop 10 attached to the elevator car. The rope loop is in the shaft vertically, its upper and lower ends have deflection wheels and usually the so-called no-peudenrajoittaja. The speed limiter stops the rope loop in the event of overspeed and the rope connected to the grippers causes the grippers to operate. The elevator is activated after the tar-15 blades have been delivered by correcting the cause of the overspeed and then moving the elevator in the opposite direction to the trigger. Moving in the opposite direction requires great force.

A downwardly acting wedge gripper acting on guides is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,819,765

Both upward and downward overspeed wedge grippers are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,096,020.

A wedge-operated safety brake acting on both the up and down speeds of an elevator rope is disclosed in US 5,101,937. In it, on both sides of the traction sheave of the elevator 30, wedge housings with wedges are mounted around the elevator rope. One wedge housing with wedges operates at an upward overspeed and the other at a downward overspeed. The equipment according to us 5,101,937 can be installed both in the new elevator and as an accessory in the old elevator. In connection with the wedge brake 35, a rubber-wheeled speed limiter resting on the elevator ropes is built, with which the operation of the wedges is achieved. However, it also has the same drawbacks as the safety brakes acting on the above-mentioned guides, i.e. when the safety brake is released, the elevator or the counterweight has to be moved.

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Another disadvantage is the large space requirement of the device and the need for two wedge sockets with wedges.

Stopping the elevator speed limiter rope is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,183,979, in which the speed limiter rope is stopped between two unilateral, parallel eccentric jaws. One jaw acts as a response and is resilient with respect to a fixed part of the building and the other jaw is attached to a solenoid-guided piston. There are two speed limiters 10, one for the downward movement of the elevator and the other for the upward movement of the elevator in connection with the counterweight rope. Both speed limiters have their own eccentric jaws to stop the speed limiter rope. The eccentric jaws are brought into contact with the speed limiter rope 15 by switching off the solenoid, whereby the piston connected to the solenoid releases the second eccentric jaw to engage the rope, the eccentric jaws turn, the rope is pinched between the eccentric jaws and stops.

If one were to consider stopping the elevator rope with the solution according to US 5,183,979, many drawbacks would emerge. Two devices are needed, one in each direction of the elevator rope. As it operates, the eccentric develops a progressively increasing force when squeezing the rope. When the safety brake is released for normal operation, it is necessary to generate a force opposite to the compressive force, which force is then reduced or the elevator is raised in the opposite direction to the direction of operation of the safety brake. As an example of the order of magnitude of the force applied to the rope for a 1000 kg elevator, the rope coefficient of friction is about 30 0.3 and the rope transmission 1: 2 is about 30 kN, which is also the force required to open the brake. It is not always possible to lift the lift with the help of the lift lifting mechanism, because the friction of the drive wheels, for example, is not always sufficient to provide sufficient lifting force. In this case, for example, 35 hoists are used to release the elevator.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new safety rope acting on the elevator rope, operating at both the up and down speeds of the elevator, which generates sufficient 96838 3 high force to stop the elevator, is inexpensive and easy to install both in new elevators and retrofitted to existing elevators. . It is also an object to provide a safety brake which has a small force required to open it and which does not require an elevator or counterweight to open. It should also be possible to easily use the emergency brake as a stop brake for the lift when servicing the lift machinery.

In order to achieve the above objects, the elevator safety brake according to the invention 10 is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. Additional features of the invention are set out in the other claims.

The invention has the following advantageous features:

According to the set goal, the safety brake according to the invention is small in size and, in addition, it is easy to manufacture as a separate unit. The safety brake is also easy to test in advance before installing in an elevator and it is easy to install in both new and old 20 elevators.

The safety brake operates at both up and down overspeeds and is voltage-independent and can be easily fitted with various locks.

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The safety brake according to the invention is self-holding and the force required to open it is small, and there is no need to move an elevator or counterweight when the safety brake is actuated.

30 Another advantage is that the safety brake can be easily remote controlled and can be used as a parking brake for a lift or counterweight, for example during maintenance. Due to the easy maneuverability, it is easy to arrange a check of the function of the safety brake.

35 Another advantage is that the design according to the safety brake is suitable for stopping the speed limiter rope in both the up and down directions.

An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the figures, in which Fig. 1 of 96838 4 shows an arrangement of a safety brake according to the invention in an elevator machine room.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of the safety brake, Fig. 3 shows the safety brake in normal operation of the elevator, Fig. 4 shows the position of the safety brake parts in the initial braking phase, Fig. 5 shows the position of the safety brake parts in upward braking, Fig. 6 shows the position of the safety brake parts in downward braking and Fig. 7 illustrates the structure of the safety brake energy storage.

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Figure 1 shows the arrangement of a safety brake 14 according to the invention in an elevator. In the elevator shaft 1, the elevator car 2 moves vertically under the guidance of the guides 4 and 5 and supported by the elevator rope 8. One end of the elevator rope 8 is attached to the upper part of the elevator shaft 25, from which the elevator rope is passed through the elevator car folding wheel 10 through the safety brake 14 back up to the elevator machine 11. From there the elevator rope is further passed through the second folding wheel 12 to the counterweight 3 folding wheel 9 and further to the upper end . The counterweight 30 moves under the control of the counterweight guides 6 and 7.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of the elevator safety brake 14 from point A-A in Fig. 1. The main parts of the safety brake 14 are a stop 17, a jaw 18, a transfer 19, a transfer spring 20 and a transfer spring tuning member 35. 21. The safety brake is assembled into one compact unit on a platform 15 with an opening 16 through which the elevator rope 8 is passed between the stop 17 and the jaw 18. The base 15 can be divided into parts and assembled with screw connections. The elevator rope 8 is formed of several, in this case five, parallel ropes.

il i Itt-t I lii I I I lal i 96838 5

The safety brake 14 is attached from its base 15 to the machine room 13 of the elevator in known ways, such as by screws or welding. The stop 17, the transfer 19 and the tuning member 21 are fixed to the base 15 by their own fastening members, preferably screws 22, 23 and 5 24. The jaw 18 is fixed to the transfer 19 by a joint 25 and a transfer spring 20 at one end to the tuning member 21 by a screw 26 via the mounting base and at the other end.

10 Figure 3 shows the position of the safety brake of the normal operation of section 14 of Figure 2B-B, and split the elevator, wherein the elevator can move in the direction shown by the arrow UP-DOWN. The safety brake stop 17 is fastened from its frame 27 by screws 22 to its base 15 from its base.

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The abutment 17 is rectangular and on its rope side the frame has a slot with a abutment plate 28. The abutment plate is fixed to the frame 27 by two screws 29. The rope side surface of the abutment plate 28 is coated with a friction material 54. The friction material has suitable friction surface pressure when the safety brake is applied. Between the body and the abutment plate, there are spring plates 30 around the screws. When the force acts on the abutment plate, it can protrude inwards into the slot. The jaw 18 is formed by a body portion 31 of the jaw 25 and a press portion 32 having a cylindrical surface. In the symmetrical position, the cylinder surface extends substantially equally above and below the axis. The center of curvature 59 of the cylinder 30 is outside the joint 25 on the axis line 34, so that the jaw 18 is a double-sided, bidirectional eccentric. shape of the jaw can be varied, there can be grooves for each rope and the geometric shape may be a cylinder end-pin slightly different and, for example, two 35 side of the axis of the cylindrical surface of the extension can be a planar member, the rope braking of the final stage is compressed these levels and the stop plate 28 between. The transfer 19 has a body part 35 from which it is fastened to the base 15 by screws 23. The transfer 19 has a bearing sleeve 36 on the shaft line 34, inside which 96838 6 has a piston 37. The piston can thus move relative to the bearing sleeve in the axial direction, but rotation is prevented by a guide rail between the piston and the bearing sleeve. At the jaw end of the piston 18 there is a base 38 of the joint 25. Inside the piston there is a threaded cylinder 39 in the axial direction. There is a thread 40 between the piston 37 and the threaded cylinder 39. The thread is self-holding, i.e. its pitch is such that the rope 8 to the jaw 18 the force along the axis line 34 cannot rotate the helical cylinder 39. The transfer spring 20 is a helical spring 10, one end of which is attached to the body 44 of the tuning member 21 and the other end to the shaft 43 (see Fig. 7). The shaft 43 has a thickening at the coil spring and the drive mechanisms of the tuning member are attached to one end by means of a sprocket 48. At this other end, a fastening member 55 for a manual drive 56 is also arranged on the shaft. The movement of the shaft in the direction of the shaft line 34 is prevented. The threaded cylinder 39 is fixed to the shaft 43 by a screw 41 and its rotation relative to the shaft 43 is prevented by a pin 42. As the threaded cylinder 39 rotates, the shaft 43 also rotates and the piston 37 can move in the direction of the axis 34, moving the jaw 18 towards the elevator ropes 8. Threaded cylinder 39, shaft 43 and the piston 37 form a self-locking screw 57. The threaded cylinder inter 39 and the shaft 43 can be integrated into one part.

The tuning member 21 is secured from its body 44 to the base 15 by screws 24. The shaft 43 is mounted relative to the body 44 by bearings 46. At the end of the shaft 43 is a crank 47 mounted thereon to which a sprocket 48 is attached. A connection is controlled between the body 44 and the cradle 47 by a switch 45. The switch 45 is preferably a magnetic switch, the coil side of which is fixed to the body 44 and the anchor side can move a short distance in the direction of the axis line. When the magnetic clutch is energized, its anchor side engages the cradle and the sprocket 48 can rotate the shaft 43. When the magnetic clutch 35 is de-energized, the connection to the anchor and the associated sprocket 48 is broken and the shaft 43 and its anchors can rotate. The sprocket 48 is driven by a second sprocket 50 via a chain 49, which in turn is driven by a tuning motor 51 via a gear 52. The gear 52 is self-locking, i.e. the motor 50 cannot be rotated by the sprockets 48 and 50 96838 7.

In normal use of the brake, the magnetic clutch 45 is energized, the torque shaft is fixed from the motor 51 to the rotary cylinder 5 and the jaw 18 is supported in a horizontal position by a support spring 58 between the jaw 18 and the body 19 of the transducer 19. ). The energy storage is loaded into the transfer spring before the operating situation via the above-mentioned torque axis 10 by rotating the shaft 43 by means of the motor 51. Figure 3 does not show the limit switches included in the rotation of the transfer spring, since their use is a matter of course for a person skilled in the art to stop the rotation of the shaft after a sufficient number of revolutions has been reached.

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Figure 4 shows a situation where the safety brake has already started. The safety brake is actuated by de-energizing the magnetic clutch, whereby the torque shaft of the magnetic clutch anchor on the shaft 43 to the cradle 47 breaks and the transfer spring 20 begins to rotate the shaft 43. The helical cylinder 39 on the shaft rotates with the shaft and pushes the piston 37 and the joint In the situation according to the figure, the jaw 18 has pushed the ropes 8 into the stop 17 and the air gaps between the rope and the jaw and on the other hand 25 the rope and the stop part have been removed. The situation according to the figure is similar during both the up and down speeds of the elevator. The upward overspeed of the elevator can occur in the event of a fault, for example in an elevator whose counterweight traction on the elevator car exceeds the weight of the elevator car and the passengers 30.

The elevator rope 8 remains between the pressing part 32 of the jaw 18 pressing it and the counter plate 28 of the stop 17 and the jaw pivots around the joint 25 in the direction of movement of the rope. The friction between the rope 8 and the press part 32 and 35 on the other hand between the rope and the abutment plate 28 slows down the movement of the rope, finally stopping the movement of the rope.

, Figure 5 shows the final situation after the upward speed of the elevator. The elevator rope 8 is clamped between the press part 32 and the jaw plate 28 of the jaw of the 96838 8. The pressing part 32 has pushed the abutment plate 28 partially inside the abutment 17 via the rope 8 and the spring plate 30 is compressed. The turning of the jaw 18 has stopped at the stop 33. In this state, the safety brake generates the desired braking force. The desired braking force of the safety brake can be set secondly, for example by changing the spring plates 30 to a different spring constant or by moving the stop 17 in the direction of the axis line 34. The use of the eccentric shape as the safety brake jaw shape is based on the fact that the eccentric generates an additional force parallel to the force pushing the transmission member 10, whereby the pushing force of the transmission member can be much smaller, i.e. the eccentric structure exerts a force on the rope.

Figure 6 shows the position of the safety brake parts after the elevator down-speed. The situation is otherwise similar for the parts of the safety brake, except that the movement of the jaw has now taken place in the downward direction and the turning of the jaw has stopped at the second stop 53.

Fig. 7 shows the safety brake transfer spring 20 seen from the direction of the axle line 34. The transfer spring may have one helical spring element or several elements placed in parallel. The outer end of the coil spring is fixed to the tuning member 21 by a screw 26. The inner end of the coil spring is fixed 25 to the shaft 43. Rotating the shaft 43 stores energy in the transfer spring which, like the motor, drives the shaft 43 and the jaw shifter connected thereto. The energy is charged to the transfer spring by rotating the shaft with a motor 51 as stated in the description of Figure 3.

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The following are some of the use situations and application possibilities of the safety brake according to the invention.

The up and down overspeed signal 35 required for the operation of the safety brake is provided in known ways, such as by a speed limiter (Governor) or a tachometer, etc. The overspeed signal then controls a switching device to turn off the safety brake magnetic switch. Irrespective of the external voltages, the emergency brake operates automatically until the end of the braking sequence 96838 9 controlled by its internal energy source, its helical transfer spring.

The safety brake is fully remote-controlled and various locks for elevator operation can be easily attached to its opening and closing.

The safety brake is activated (closed) by switching off the magnetic switch, which can be done by various electrical signals, such as "doors open in the event of a fault", "supply network fault", "elevator motor instability", "service brake too worn", "maintenance lock", lift off "etc.

15 The necessary electrical interlocks, such as information on the correct status of the engine, brake, electric drive and safety devices, can be connected to the emergency brake setting (unlocking). The safety brake is equipped with a manual release device in case of power failure.

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The safety brake is built as a unit that is easy to test with mere elevator ropes moving in the test rig.

The two-way safety brake according to the invention can also be constructed 25 in which the stops 33 and 53 and the articulated jaw 18 are attached to the abutment body 27 and the abutment plate 28 is attached to the piston 37. When the switch 45 is switched off, the transferor 19 moves the abutment plate 28 towards the jaw 18. as stated in the description 30 of Figures 4-6, i.e. the rope locks between the jaw 18 and the abutment plate 28.

: The safety brake can also be used to stop the elevator speed limiter rope (Governor rope) in both directions. 35 The elevator rope 8 in Figures 3-6 would then be replaced by a speed limiter rope. The size of the safety brake and the forces required to stop the rope are substantially smaller in this application than with the safety brake required to stop the elevator.

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It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention are not limited to the application set forth above, but may vary within the scope of the following claims.

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Claims (6)

A safety brake intended to stop an upward and downward movement of a lift line (8), which brake is provided with a counterhole and at least one articulated eccentric jaw between which the lift line (8) runs and of which at least one moves during braking the hoisting line (8) so that it will be squeezed between them, and which jaw has an eccentric of a shape which amplifies the braking effect on the hoisting line (8) so that it is stopped, characterized in that the jaw (18) of the mold is a double-sided eccentric, the double-sided shape of the eccentric enhances the clamping action of the jaw (18) on the lift line (8) in its two directions of movement, so that the bed's up and down-going movements of the elevator (8) are stopped. 15 Safety brake (14) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the counter (17) or jaw (18) is projected towards the lift line (8) by a projector (19) provided with a self-tapping screw (57) which prevents it from the clamping action on the lift line (8) caused the torque of the reaction force on the screw, thereby preventing the self-healing screw (57) from moving away from the lift line (8). Safety brake (14) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the protrusion (19) is provided with a helical sliding spring (20), one end of which is secured to the self-tapping screw (57) and into which the sliding spring it is for moving the counter ( 17) or the jaw (18) necessary energy is stored. ; 30 Safety brake (14) according to claim 3, characterized in that the safety brake (14) is provided with a clamping means (21) comprising a motor (51) and a coupling (45) through which the clamping means is connected in connection with the self-holding screw 35 ( 57) and with which motor (51) does it advance the movement of? · The necessary energy (96) or the jaw (18) of the counterhole (17) is stored in the sliding spring (20). Safety brake (14) according to claim 4, 5, characterized in that the coupling (45) is a magnetic coupling which, when it is powerless, does not transfer the torque between the motor (51) and the self-holding screw (57) and when current flows in it transmits the torque. between the motor (51) and the self-tapping screw (57). 10 Safety brake (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elevator (8) is the speed limiter line. <1, IM I imi i I I M