FI92566C - Product, method and apparatus for the manufacture of plate-like and strip-like products - Google Patents

Description

92566 PRODUCT, NOSE AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATES AND PRODUCTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRODUCTS - FORFARANDE OCH APPARAT FOR FRAMSTÅLLNING AV SKIV- OCH STAVFORMIGA PRODUKTER.

The present invention relates to a product * a method and an apparatus for producing flat and rigid products from a thermoplastic and a fibrous material with the thermoplastic acting as a binder.

The raw material used is 5 packaging waste which is difficult to utilize, which may consist of cardboard * plasticized paper »plastic and plasticized aluminum. Buy eg beverage packaging * disposable containers * fast food packaging and fast food packaging * paper packaging The proportion of plastic can vary between 10 and 100 weight percent a.

10 Due to its strength and appearance, the product can be coated on one or both sides, eg with cardboard * paper * plastic or t e k s t i ili11å.

Products include e.g. building boards * concrete formwork boards and slats. These can often be used to replace, for example, chipboard and hard-15 boards and plywood.

Particleboards and the like are usually made by sprinkling the ingredients cold, e.g. a conveyor belt 11 e into a mat * which is hot pressed into a board.

The purifier is built for use with multiple selective capacity li-20. Several plates are pressed and heated at the same time. The products are separated from each other by the separation plates. The thicker the product, the more time the substance conducts heat. The compression force must be high and the press heavy.

25 Presses are also known in the past. in which a mat made by cold si-rolling is continuously both heated and pressed into a plate between endless steel strips, e.g. /.

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The devices known to the state of the art are large in size and are not built to be portable.

The patent SF 48 496 describes a method in which vegetable fiber and plastic are also made from waste plastic. manufactured 5 products. The method is referring to the idea work and differs from the present invention in terms of the product, method and manufacturing device.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,698,271 discloses the formation of a nonwoven by the dry method using a vacuum in the manufacture of laminated multilayer boards, e.g. cardboard. It differs from the present invention in terms of a) the quality of the particles b) the distribution of the binder in the fibrous mass c) the delimitation of the thickness of the mat 15 d) the heating and heating of the mat e) the formation of the blank into a product f) the cooling instead 20 can be used as a compression unit.

When comminuting the raw material into a homogeneous mass, the particle size and distribution should be advantageous in terms of the strength and stiffness of the product as well as the gas permeability during the heating step. The pulp consists mainly of individual particles larger than 25. During recovery, the plastic particles adhere to the fibrous particles. It was found # that a considerable part of the thermal energy required to shape the product remains in the pulp already during the comminution. When the mass ** is fed to the process at a warm temperature. There is an advantage in this heat economy-30 list. then 20-60 ° / o of the heat energy required for molding can come from the comminution step. In order to achieve the above effect, the invention is characterized mainly by the elements set out in claims 2 and 4 (i).

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From the hot mass of the comminution, a continuous * uniformly thick mat »with a density of no in 0.1 g / cm 2 and in which the particles are randomly distributed is formed in the preforming unit. In order to achieve the above, the invention is mainly characterized by the elements set out in claims 2 and 4 (B).

It is already known to use a vacuum to form a mat, e.g. in patent SF 72 926. However, it does not have a delimiting blade that cuts a mat of thick thickness from the absorbent mass.

10 When the pulp was heated, it was found that its heating embrittled the fibrous material for a long time. Increased heatingLåm patients were shortened for a short time »but it was difficult to avoid local overheating of the pulp and harmful embrittlement of the pulp as well as degradation of the plastic. It was found that the desired result 15 is achieved by using a gaseous choice for the transfer of thermal energy, which almost simultaneously reaches the particles of the thin mat. In order to achieve the above effect, the invention is mainly characterized by the features set forth in claims 2 and 4 (C).

20 The carpeting method used and the short heating time allow for a small heating unit.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,356,780 describes a method and apparatus for making a textile blanket using vacuum under heating with hot gas. Said invention differs from this invention in particular in the following points a) the cotton-plastic product to be produced is light and flexible b) the fibers in the present invention are again mainly particles larger than a single fiber, c) the distribution of the binder in the pulp takes place in different ways d) the formation and delimitation of the mat takes place in different ways e) when the mass is heated, the molding thermo This invention takes advantage of the principle of countercurrent heating during grinding and protects the fibrous material f) the mat is formed and heated in this invention by the same means; forming the product by extrusion # whereby the binder seeps into the selection of particles and on the surface of the product h) different cooling of the product

The molding-heated mat is pre-pressed into a preform * of sufficient strength to withstand further processing in the manufacturing process. In the blank, the particles are randomly distributed and mainly parallel to the surfaces of the blank. In order to achieve the above effect, the invention is characterized mainly by the features set forth in claims 2 and 4, item D.

In the extrusion unit, the cut pieces are joined together by extruding them into a product according to claim 1, the fiber direction of which is advantageous in terms of strength and stiffness. In order to achieve the above effect, the invention is mainly characterized by the features set forth in claims 15 and 4, points E.

When extruded, the fiber-plastic mixture homogenizes »as the particles move relative to each other. Surprisingly, it turned out # that a plastic layer was seeping onto the surface of the product. which makes the surface smooth and water repellent. It can also be used as a binder »20 when it is desired to hot-press, for example, a coating or combine several sheets.

. By extrusion, a blank of the same thickness can be made «.

products of different thicknesses by replacing the extrusion tool and press. The cross-section of the nozzle determines the cross-section of the product.

25 The stroke of the press is short and the stroke is hundreds of strokes per minute, which enables fast production. Depending on the raw material used and the product to be impregnated, the pressure in the extrusion tool is 20-150 bar. The cross-section of the pusher is relatively small and the force applied to it is reasonable.

50 The clamp is quite compact.

Alternatively, the preform can be formed into a product by compression instead of extrusion. The method described above is characterized mainly by the elements set out in claim 3.

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The product is cooled immediately after molding to ensure dimensional stability. In order to achieve the above effect, the invention is characterized mainly by the features set forth in claims 2 and 4, claims F.

5 The method requires few adjustable variables. The most important of these are the composition and amount of the raw material, the mass flow and temperature of the gas used for particle heating.

The capacity of the shredding unit is larger than other hardware. If necessary, the input of the raw material is interrupted while the other equipment is operating continuously.

Particleboard except Imi stami nen extruder Stama l la first. The Okal-Kreibaum method in Imma / 2 / is already known. The mass is pressed there between two parallel planes by means of reciprocating pushers. However, its disadvantage is that the fibers settle mainly in planes «perpendicular to the surface of the plate. The flexural strength and stiffness of the plate are poor with respect to the axis perpendicular to the compression direction. The flexural strength of the extruded product according to the invention is almost the same in the extrusion direction and perpendicular to the axis opposite to the extrusion direction. In order to obtain the above-mentioned feature, the invention is characterized by the features set forth in claim 1.

Multi-layer plate Va When suctioning, press several hot »25 extruded plates or preforms into a thicker plate. When using this alternative, the invention is characterized mainly by the aspects set forth in claims 5-8.

The strength and stiffness of the multilayer board can be increased.

In order to achieve the above effect, the invention is mainly characterized by the elements set out in claim 9.

The strength of the board and the properties of its surface can be improved by stacking it, for example with cardboard. In order to obtain the above feature, the invention is characterized by the features set forth in claim 6 92566.

The advantages of the invention are the efficient use of difficult-to-recycle waste »good energy efficiency and small size Large portable devices * multi-purpose products» as well as 5 emission-free production methods with few adjustable m u u 11 u j i a.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a sectional view of apparatus # 10 of a manufacturing process when a product is molded by extrusion.

Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the blank cutting in the extrusion unit of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of the bending of the blank in the extrusion unit of Fig. 1 and of the filling.

Figure 4 shows the joining of blanks from several preform production units by pressing them into a thicker multilayer plate between planes in a press that works intermittently.

Fig. 5 shows the continuous pressing of blanks from several blank manufacturing units between the rollers into a thicker multilayer plate.

Fig. 6 shows a section of the body.

Figure 7 shows a sectional view of 25 extruded products and the orientation of their fibers.

In Fig. 1, the area 101 is a comminution unit *, the area 102 is a blank manufacturing unit, and the area 103 is an extrusion unit. They form a compact whole with respect to the condition of the device.

EXAMPLE 1 30 Weighed raw material components # in which 89% by weight a AL - foilL La beverage packaging a »10% by weight a styrene fast food packaging and 1% by weight of boric acid as an additive« are cut into pieces with an area of 10 to 150. cm ^. The mixed components 2 »Fig. 1> are led to the silo 1.

li 7 92566 of which some 3 push them in batches 4 at a time, compressed into moving blades 5 »which are similar to a circular saw. They grind the components into a homogeneous i. Warm mass »with particles 0.5-4 mm long. Once the batch has been released, the pine 3 makes a pile and retrieves the next compressed batch. The pulp is fed to a conveyor 6 «which spreads it over the width of the feed shaft 7 and which has not been described in detail« but can be e.g. a screw conveyor.

The blank manufacturing unit (103) has interchangeable end plates 9 mounted at a constant speed around the ends of the perforated drum 8 around the rotor of the rotor. The power source rotating the drum is not described. The non-rotating suction box 13 has a pressure i of 0.1 bar and sucks the mass against a drum »on which it rotates towards a blade 10» which moves in the axial direction of the drum 15. The blade mechanism can be moved in the direction of the drum radius as follows. that it is flush with the outer edge of the end plate. The blade removes a uniformly thick mat 22 «with a thickness of 30 mm from the mass compacted by the suction. The blade 10 by removing the mass tormåå the surface 11 and curves indicated by the arrow 12 suunnas-20 SA back bulky irtaan. The gas sucked from the suction cup 13 and the particles possibly absorbed through the drum holes are returned to the intake shaft 7. A mechanical vacuum cleaner has not been described.

The warm mat on the drum is heated to a molding temperature of 200 ° C in stages according to the countercurrent principle by blowing hot gas at 210 ° C «into the pressure box 14« by sucking it through the porous mat into the window 15 «from where it is passed to the pressure box 16« into the box. «Until it is finally sucked from the suction box 21 as part of the thermal energy, after which it is reheated and blown 30 again into the pressure box 14. The heating time of the mat is 15 s. A slight overpressure in the pressure box closes the hinged end 65 «at the top of the pressure box at the top, which prevents gas from flowing from one pressure box to the next. The vacuum cleaner and the gas heater are not shown in the figure «but they represent a prior art. 35 The amount of thermal energy is changed by the amount of gas supplied.

The suction and discharge lines are fixed, the drum 8 rotates. The number of boxes does not have to be the same as in the picture.

The hot mat is pressed between the drum 8 and the roll 23 into a blank 24 92566 branch 24 »with a density of about 0.7 g / cm 2 and is removed from the drum *, after which it winds into a rolled heated tunnel 25. At the speed of 11a The preform is momentarily stored in a reservoir 6 6 n 26 and fed into a 5 35 mm long piece at a time in an extrusion unit Π03) »consisting of an extrusion tool 27 * insert 28 * press 29 and a cooler 30. The feeding mechanism of the container 26 of the blank 24 has not been described. It works in synchronism with the movement of the pis-10 timmer 28 and represents a technique known per se. The mechanism * that pushes the reciprocator back and forth is not described * but it can be e.g. eccentric or knee ni ve Imekani smi. Figure 2 shows how the needle 28 cuts a piece of the blank 24 and moves it to position 32. In Figure 3, the needle 15 stops and the presser 29 continues to move #, moving the piece to position 33.

In the blank 24, the fibers are randomly distributed »but mainly parallel to its surfaces. When the piece of blank is folded into position 33 * and is extruded into a product 20 35 »10 mm thick, the particles of the mass move relative to each other. The stroke of the pusher is 180 strokes per minute. The fiber direction 31 * Fig. 7 * is parallel to the surface in the vicinity of the surface of the product and in the middle of it the fibers are mainly in a plane * perpendicular to the surface and the extrusion direction. Finally, the product passes through a condenser 30 * where it is' cooled to a temperature of 60 ° C. The device produces a product of approx. 1500 mm / min and its width is determined by the width of the device.

EXAMPLE 2 In this hot billet further processing option * Figures 4 and 5 »30, the hot billets 36 * 37 and 38 from several parallel billet making units are, after pre-compression, strongly compressed into a sheet, e.g., between two rolls and not rolled. hot on top of each other and pressed into a multilayer plate 44. The pressing takes place periodically between two planes 43 * Fig. 4. or continuously between rollers 45 * Fig. 5. The blanks can. have a different composition * a reticulated reinforcement 39 »40 and one or both of the plate can be placed between them

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9 92566 the surfaces can be provided with coatings 41 »42. The surfaces of the planes 43 can be shown in such a way that the pattern is reproduced negatively on the surface of the plate. The levels then also act as the Coolers for the Disc. In continuous compression, the product is cooled in a separate cooler 46. The heat energy transferred from the product to the cooler is removed from the system by a liquid »which flows through the cooler.

The number of layers of the multilayer board need not be as shown in Figures 4 and S.

10 Figure 4 shows in principle intermittent and Figure 5 continuous compression. In order to achieve a compression effect, solutions known per se, such as single or multi-flag compression, can be used. rolling «pressing between two belt conveyors» between two lamellas II i kul Jett i men or between 15 drums and a belt conveyor.

Claims (13)

10 92566 A process for the production of a sheet-like or strip-like product from a thermoplastic and a fibrous material as a thermoplastic as a binder * as a raw material, preferably a recycled material »known from a raw material comprising more than 10% by weight of a thermoplastic, preferably ° / o, the remainder being a fibrous substance and possibly an additive, the dry ingredients are comminuted into a mixed mixture, the particles of which are mainly larger than the individual fibers and preferably torn at the edges, b) the mass is formed into a uniformly thick mat with randomly oriented particles , c) the mat is rapidly heated to the molding temperature of the plastic, d) the mat is pre-pressed into a preform in which the fibers are randomly oriented and mainly parallel to the surfaces of the preform, e) the obtained preform is further processed into a sheet-like or ribbed product. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the further processing comprises the steps of: 20. the preform is formed by extrusion by impact, piece by piece, into a product having a cross-sectional shape such that at the beginning of the piece the piece is cut and -is a wedge-shaped presser, and at the end of the impact it stays between the presser and the mass in the extrusion tool 25 after the presser presses the pressure between 20 and 130 ϊ bar. cooling in the presses immediately after the molding has taken place, the fiber direction (31) of the product near the surface being substantially parallel to the surface of the product and constantly changing as the center of the product is approached so that the fibers in the center are substantially perpendicular to the surface. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the further processing comprises the following steps: - the preform is formed by pressing at a pressure of 30-150 bar into a sheet, li 92566 11, the randomly oriented fibers on and inside the product being mainly parallel to the surfaces # - The plate is cooled by pressing immediately after molding. 4. A method for producing a multilayer sheet-like product from a thermoplastic and a fibrous material is known as a thermoplastic binder a »primarily a recycled material as a raw material«. e 11 å a) raw material. consisting of more than 10% by weight of thermoplastic a »preferably 15-35 ° / o> with the remainder being a fibrous material and 10 possibly adding in addition finely comminuted ingredients mixed into a mass« the particles of which are mainly larger than the individual fiber and preferably torn at the edges. b) at least two mats are formed from the pulp. where the particles are randomly oriented. 15 c) the mats are heated rapidly to the plastic molding temperature »d) the mats are pre-pressed into blanks. in which the fibers are randomly oriented and mainly in the direction of the surfaces of the blanks, the obtained blanks are each further processed separately and then joined together. 5. A method according to claim 4. known for its further processing and joining include the step of: - each blank is formed by extrusion by impact. piece by piece into a product> whose cross-section is determined by the shape of the nozzle thus. 25 that at the beginning of the stroke the piece is cut and folded into a wedge-shaped plunger and at the end of the stroke it remains between the press and the extrudate mass and when the plunger presses at a pressure of 20-130 bar moves in the extruder and the plunger the particles of the mass are flush with each other. which are mainly parallel to the wedge-shaped surfaces of the press. - the products obtained are combined by hot pressing. wherein the thermoplastic layer seeping onto the surface of the product during extrusion acts as a binder between the plates. - the resulting multilayer product is cooled by compression. 12 92566 The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the further processing and joining comprise the step of: - each preform is formed by compression at a pressure of 30-150 bar into a sheet with randomly oriented fibers on and inside the product 5 substantially parallel to the surfaces * - the sheets are joined together by hot pressing against each other »a layer of thermoplastic seeping into the surface of the sheets acts as a binder between the sheets * - the multilayer product obtained is cooled in presses. A method according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that a part of the blanks is formed by compression into sheets And a part of the blanks is formed by extrusion into sheets »wherein the thermoplastic layer seeping onto their surface acts as a binder. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the raw material used to form the at least one carpet. differs from the raw material of other carpets. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a network-like reinforcement is placed between the panels before they are joined, the thermoplastic layer seeping onto the surface when the panels are joined to act as a bond between the panels and the network. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a coating is applied to the outer surface of the outer plates when the plates are joined, the coating being joined to the plate by a thermoplastic layer seeping into the surface of the plate. 11. Apparatus for producing a sheet-like or strip-like product from a thermoplastic and fibrous material as a thermoplastic binder 30 as a raw material, primarily a recycled material »characterized in that the device comprises:?) A piston (3) pushing the raw material charge (4) towards the blade (5) ), which move perpendicular to the movement of the piston, whereby the working speed of the piston can be varied to obtain the desired particle size and distribution, li 13 92566 b) a continuously rotating, cylindrical, perforated, hollow drum (8) with a non-rotating the prevailing vacuum absorbs the raw material mass against the feed fiber (7) in the outer circumference of the drum »with the end plates parallel to the end faces (9) of the drum limiting the mass in the longitudinal direction of the drum, c) ma-ton (22) on intensification of suction and grinding of mah-do above which there is an outwardly curved surface (11) in the wall of the intake shaft 10 which directs the mat-free mass separated by the blade back towards the pulp stream absorbed towards the drum. . each of which is formed by a pressure plate (14,16,18,20) outside the circumference of the drum and a suction box (15,17,19,21) at a corresponding position by its side Leila, e) means for hot gas with a temperature exceeding forming the plastics from the last block (14,15) of the drum to the first block (20, 21) with respect to the direction of rotation of the drum; to the last block and to heat this gas to the original temperature 21, in which case essentially the same gas circulates continuously, f) a roller (23) formed by the drum (8) parallel to the axis of the drum and at the end of the drum (8) for pre-pressing into a blank (24) between the drum (8) and the roller (23) »30 g) means for further processing the blank into a final product. Apparatus according to claim 11, the further processing means comprising: - a container (261) located downstream of the roller (23), which momentarily stores a continuous stream of incoming preform and fed preform intermittently, - an extrusion unit (103) comprising a stationary a tool * (27) having an orifice defining the cross-section of the product »14 92566 which at one end joins the inside of the tool in an expanding cavity» and an opening for guiding the blank (24) into the inside of the tool (27) opposite said opening and opposite it when determining the return aperture (n3i or -5) and the reciprocating piston (28) and plunger (29) »from which the plunger (28) intersects the part of the blank (24) inside the fitting and the plunger (29) move the cut blank towards the orifice so that the height of the 10th orifice (53) is substantially greater than the height of the orifice. the tip part of the plunger (29) facing the nozzle opening is ki i - like ni i η »that when the plunger is in its extreme position on the nozzle side, two symmetrical spaces expanding in the direction of the nozzle are formed between the tool and the tip part of the plunger 15. as the blank piece is moved forward, its edges bend backwards and the center of the blank piece is forced between the rearward edges of the previous blank piece. 13. A sheet-like or strip-like product of a thermoplastic and fibrous material produced by the method according to claim 1, a thermoplastic as a binder as a raw material, primarily a fibrous material (31) characterized in that the fiber direction of the product (31) near the surface is essentially parallel to the surface of the product and changes constantly '* as the center of the product is approached so that the fibers in the center are essentially in a plane »perpendicular to the plane of the surface and the direction of manufacture of the product. 30 11 1 5 ύ O c £ < 7 Zjuu