FI91655C

FI91655C - A building assembled from plate-like elements

Info

Publication number: FI91655C
Application number: FI914056A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Hiroyoshi Kojima
Original assignee: Hiroyoshi Kojima
Priority date: 1991-08-28
Filing date: 1991-08-28
Publication date: 1994-07-25
Also published as: FI91655B; FI914056A0; FI914056A

Description

9165591655

Lewmaisista elementeista koottu rakennusA building assembled from lew-like elements

TamM keksinto koskee levymaisista elementeista koottua ra-kennusta, jonka seinamåt on koottu ensimmaisista paneeleista 5 ja toisista paneeleista seka naiden valisså olevista 1am-moneriste-elementeista, jolloin paneelien reunat on varustet-tu eriste-elementtien kehaa kiertavilla laipoilla ja ensimmaisen pinnan paneelit on sovitettu siten, etta kahden rin-nakkaisen paneelin laipat ovat vastakkain ja kiinnitetty 10 toisiinsa.The present invention relates to a building assembled from plate-like elements, the walls of which are assembled from the first panels 5 and the second panels and the ammon-insulating elements 1 therebetween, the edges of the panels being provided with flanges surrounding the circumference of the insulating elements and the first surface panels that the flanges of the two rin-engaging panels are facing each other and fastened 10 to each other.

Katastrofialueilla, esim. maanjaristyksen sattuessa tarvi-taan nopeasti pystytettåviå tilapaisia asuintiloja. Tavalli-sesti naissa tilanteissa kaytetaan telttoja. Kankaiset teltat eivat kuitenkaan suojaa asukkaita kylmSlta.In disaster areas, such as an earthquake, there is a need for temporary accommodation to be erected quickly. Tents are usually used in female situations. However, fabric tents do not protect residents from the cold.

15 FI-patenttijulkaisusta 63097 tunnetaan aaltopahvin kaytto tuulensuojamateriaalina. Materiaali ei kuitenkaan sellaise-naan ole riittavan lujaa seinaelementeiksi ja sita kaytetaån-kin muiden rakennusmateriaalien lisåna.The use of corrugated board as a wind protection material is known from FI patent publication 63097. However, the material as such is not strong enough as wall elements and is used in addition to other building materials.

DE-patenttijulkaisusta 821 414 tunnetaan aaltopahvista 20 valmistettu eristyselementti, jossa kahden tai useamman aallotetun kerroksen aallotus on keskenåån ristikkain.DE-A-821 414 discloses an insulating element made of corrugated cardboard 20, in which the corrugation of two or more corrugated layers is mutually intersecting.

DE-julkaisusta 2 905 027 tunnetaan valiseinS, joka on muodostettu vastakkain sovitetuista, laipallisista paneeleista seka nSiden valissa olevista låmmoneriste-elementeistå. 25 Paneelit on sovitettu limittain vastakkain ja yhdistetty 2- haaraisilla liittimilla. Laippojen reunat on viistottu sar-mien kohdalla. Kantavana rakenteena on kaytetty lautakehik-koa.DE 2 905 027 discloses a partition wall formed by oppositely arranged flanged panels and thermal insulation elements in between them. 25 The panels are overlapped and connected with 2-pin connectors. The edges of the flanges are bevelled at the corners. A board frame is used as the load-bearing structure.

Taman keksinnon mukaiselle rakennukselle on tunnusomaista 30 se, etta paneelit on sovitettu parittain vastakkain ja sisak-kåin niin, etta kukin toisen pinnan paneeli on sita vastassa olevan ensimmaisen pinnan yhden paneelin sisåpuolella siten, etta toisen pinnan paneelin laipat on sovitettu ensimmaisen pinnan paneelin laippoja vasten naiden sisapuolelle.The building according to the present invention is characterized in that the panels are arranged in pairs opposite each other and in each other so that each panel of the second surface is inside one panel of the opposite first surface such that the flanges of the second surface panel are aligned with the flanges of the first surface panel. inside.

35 Keksintoa ja sen yksityiskohtia selostetaan lahemmin seu- raavassa viitaten oheisiin piirustuksiin, joissa kuvio l esittaa sinansa tunnettua kupolirakennetta, 2 91655 kuva la esittaa kuvion 1 rakenteen kolmion muotoisia elementteja tasoon levitettynå, kuva 2 esittaa leikkausta keksinnon mukaisesta rakennuk-sesta, 5 kuva 2a esittaa suurennettuna yksityiskohtaa kuvasta 2, kuva 3 esittaa ulkopuolelta rakennuksen ulkopaneelina kåy-tettåvåå keksinnon mukaista rakennuselementtiå, kuva 4 esittaa kuvan 3 elementtiå sisåpuolelta, kuva 5 esittaa yksityiskohtaa kuvasta 4, 10 kuva 5a esittaa leikkausta kuvasta 5, kuva 6 esittaa keksinnon mukaisen rakennuselementin osia, kuva 7 esittaa pystyleikkauksena yksityiskohtaa keksinnon mukaisesta rakennuksesta ja sen sokkelista, kuva 8 esittaa påaltå nahtyna rakennuksen sokkelia, 15 kuva 8a esittaa sivulta nahtyna sokkelin liitoskohtaa, kuva 9 esittaa vaihtoehtoa kuvan 2a rakenteelle, kuvat 10 ja 11 esittåvat kahden ulkopaneelin liittamistå toisiinsa kuvan 9 rakenteessa, kuva 12 esittaa eristyskerroksen sovittamista kuvan 9 20 rakenteeseen, kuva 13 esittaa kuvan 9 rakenteessa kaytettya liitintå sivulta nahtyna, kuva 13a esittaa samaa sisåpuolelta nåhtynå ja kuva 13b esittaa leikkausta A-A kuvasta 13a.The invention and its details will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a dome structure known per se, Figure 2 91655 shows triangular elements of the structure of Figure 1 applied in a plane, Figure 2 shows a section of a building according to the invention, Figure 2a shows enlarged detail from Fig. 2, Fig. 3 shows from the outside a building element according to the invention for use as an exterior panel of a building, Fig. 4 shows the element of Fig. 3 from the inside, Fig. 5 shows detail from Fig. 4, Fig. 5a shows a section from Fig. 5, Fig. 6 shows parts of a building element Fig. 7 shows a vertical section of a detail of a building according to the invention and its plinth, Fig. 8 shows a top view of a building plinth, Fig. 8a shows a side view of a plinth joint, Fig. 9 shows an alternative to the structure of Fig. 2a, Figs. 10 and 11 show two outer panels to each other in the structure of Figure 9, Figure 12 shows the fitting of the insulating layer to the structure of Figure 9, Figure 13 shows the connector used in the structure of Figure 9 seen from the side, Figure 13a shows the same as seen from the inside and Figure 13b shows section A-A of Figure 13a.

25 Kuvat 1 ja la esittåvåt, miten kolmion muotoisista elemen- . teista 1 voidaan koota kupolimainen rakenne 2, kun kåytetåån eri muotoisia kolmioita kupoliseinåmån eri kohdissa.25 Figures 1 and 1a show how a triangular element. the domes 1 can be assembled from a dome-like structure 2 by using triangles of different shapes at different points in the dome wall.

Kuvat 2 ja 2a esittåvat kupoliseinåmåå, jossa on kåytetty keksinnon mukaisia elementtejå ulkopaneeleina 3 ja sisåpanee-30 leina 4. Nåiden vålisså on låmmoneristekerros 5 esim. pehmeåå vaahtomuovia.Figures 2 and 2a show a dome wall in which the elements according to the invention are used as outer panels 3 and inner panels 30. Between them there is a layer of thermal insulation 5, e.g. soft foam.

Paneelit on muodostettu sovittamalla påållekkåin useita aaltopahvikerroksia 6 siten, ettå niiden aallot ja aaltojen våliset ilmakanavat kulkevat vuorotellen kolmessa eri suun-35 nassa, esim. kohtisuoraan kolmion kolmea eri sivua vastaan (ks. nuolet kuvassa 6). Paneelin uloimmat kerrokset 7 ovat jotain kosteutta pitåvåå ainetta, esim. muovikalvoa tai .. ohutta peltiå. Tållainen elementti on jåykkå ja jo sellaise- naan hyvå låmmoneriste.The panels are formed by superimposing several layers of corrugated cardboard 6 so that their waves and the air channels between the waves run alternately in three different directions, e.g. perpendicular to three different sides of the triangle (see arrows in Figure 6). The outer layers 7 of the panel are made of a moisture-retaining material, e.g. a plastic film or .. a thin sheet metal. Such an element is rigid and as such a good thermal insulator.

3 916553,91655

Kolmion muotoisen elementin kussakin sivussa on laippa 8. Rakennusta koottaessa ulkopaneelien 3 laipat 8 taitetaan ra-kennuksen sisåosaa kohti ja sisåpaneelien 4 laipat taitetaan rakennuksen ulkopintaa kohti. Ulkopaneelina voidaan kåyttåå 5 paksumpaa, esim. kuuden aaltopahvikerroksen muodostamaa ra- kennetta, jolloin on edullista, etta laipat 8 on muodostettu leikkaamalla paneelin sisåpintaan kolmion muotoinen, viis-toseinMinen V-ura 9 (kuva 5a). Myos laippojen 8 paadyt 10 on viistottu. Viistotut kohdat, laippojen 8 pitkittaiset ulko-10 reunat seka laipoissa olevien reikien 11 reunat on vahvistet-tu jollain kovalla massalla 12, joka jåykistaå elementtien reunat ja samalla sulkee aaltopahvien ilmakanavien pååt.There is a flange 8 on each side of the triangular element. When assembling the building, the flanges 8 of the outer panels 3 are folded towards the interior of the building and the flanges of the inner panels 4 are folded towards the outer surface of the building. As the outer panel, a thicker structure, e.g. formed by six layers of corrugated cardboard, can be used, it being preferred that the flanges 8 are formed by cutting a triangular, five-walled V-groove 9 in the inner surface of the panel (Fig. 5a). The flanges 10 of the flanges 8 are also bevelled. The beveled points, the longitudinal outer edges 10 of the flanges 8 and the edges of the holes 11 in the flanges are reinforced with some hard mass 12, which stiffens the edges of the elements and at the same time closes the ends of the air ducts of the corrugated board.

Rakennusta koottaessa ulkopaneelit 3 sovitetaan rinnakkain siten, etta vierekkaisten paneelien sisaantaitettujen laippo-15 jen 8 ulkopinnat tulevat vastakkain ja laipat liitetåån yh- teen reikien 11 lapi sovitettavilla liitoselimilla, esim. ruuveilla 13. Ulkopaneelien sisåpuolelle tyonnetåån låmmon-eristelevyt 5 ja naiden sisapinnalle sovitetut sisåpaneelit 4. Sisåpaneelien laipoissa on reiåt 14, joihin kiinnitys-20 ruuvien 13 kanta 13' sopii.When assembling the building, the outer panels 3 are arranged in parallel so that the outer surfaces of the folded-in flanges 8 of the adjacent panels face each other and the flanges are joined together by holes 11 through adjustable connecting members, e.g. The flanges of the inner panels have holes 14 into which the base 13 'of the fastening screws 13 fits.

Rakennuksen sokkeli voidaan koota elementeistå 15, joissa aaltopahvikerrosten aallot ja ilmakanavat kulkevat kaikki pystysuorassa (kuva 7). Sokkelielementtien pååt 16 on uritet-tu niin, ettå rinnakkaiset elementit voidaan liittåå yhteen 25 sormiliitoksella ja ruuveilla 17. Myos sokkelielementtien 15 reunat ja ruuvireikien 17 reunat on vahvistettu kovalla massalla.The plinth of the building can be assembled from elements 15, in which the waves and air ducts of the corrugated layers run all vertically (Fig. 7). The ends 16 of the plinth elements are grooved so that the parallel elements can be joined together with 25 finger joints and screws 17. The edges of the plinth elements 15 and the edges of the screw holes 17 are also reinforced with hard mass.

Kuvissa 9 - 12 on esitetty sovellutus, jossa on myos ulkopaneelina kåytetty ohuempaa levyå, jossa on esim. vain 30 kolme aaltopahvikerrosta. Tålloin ei leikattu V-ura 9 ole vålttåmåton, vaan laipat 8 voidaan taivuttaa ilman sitåkin. Eristekerroksen 5 ulkopuolelle voidaan kåyttåå suojakangasta 18. Ulkopaneelien liitoskohdat on ulkopuolelta kiinnitetty liimapintaisella teipillå 19.Figures 9 to 12 show an application in which a thinner plate with e.g. only three layers of corrugated cardboard is also used as the outer panel. In this case, the cut V-groove 9 is not necessary, but the flanges 8 can be bent without it. A protective fabric 18 can be used on the outside of the insulating layer 5. The joints of the outer panels are fixed on the outside with adhesive tape 19.

35 Kuvissa 13 - 13b on esitetty liitin 20, jota on kåytetty kuvan 9 rakenteessa. Liitin on esim. ABS-muovia. Liittimen puoliskot 21, 21' on yhdistetty toisesta pååståån toisiinsa ·· kååntyvåsti. Puoliskojen vastakkaisissa pinnoissa on toisessa lieridmåinen ulkonema 22, jossa on syvennys. Toisessa puolis- 4 91655 kossa oleva ulkonema 23 sopii tiiviisti ulkoneman 22 syven-nykseen pitaen puoliskot yhdesså. Liitin sovitetaan kahden ulkopaneelin 3 vastakkaisten laippojen ymparille siten, etta ulkonemat 22, 23 tyonnetaan laipoissa olevien vastakkaisten 5 reikien låpi toistensa sisaan, jolloin ne sitovat yhteen ul- kopaneelit. Liitos voidaan vielå vahvistaa nitomanastalla 24. Liittimen puoliskojen ulkopinnoilla on kuitunassakin ulkonema 25, joka voidaan sovittaa sisapaneelin 4 laipassa olevaan reikaan, jolloin myos sisåpaneeli pysyy paikoillaan.Figures 13 to 13b show a connector 20 used in the structure of Figure 9. The connector is made of ABS plastic, for example. The connector halves 21, 21 'are pivotally connected at one end. The opposite surfaces of the halves have a cylindrical protrusion 22 with a recess. The protrusion 23 in the second half 4 161655 fits snugly into the recess of the protrusion 22, holding the halves together. The connector is arranged around the opposite flanges of the two outer panels 3 so that the protrusions 22, 23 are pushed through the opposite holes 5 in the flanges into each other, whereby they bind the outer panels together. The connection can still be strengthened with a staple pin 24. The outer surfaces of the connector halves also have a protrusion 25 in the fiber, which can be fitted into a hole in the flange of the inner panel 4, whereby the inner panel also remains in place.

10 Keksinto ei rajoitu vain edella esitettyihin sovellutuk- siin, vaan se voi vaihdella eri tavoin patenttivaatimusten puitteissa.The invention is not limited only to the above applications, but may vary in various ways within the scope of the claims.

Aaltopahvin asemesta siså- ja ulkopaneelit voidaan valmis-taa muustakin materiaalista, esim. vanerista tai vaahdotetus- 15 ta muovista. Reunalaipat voivat tålloinkin olla pahvia.Instead of corrugated cardboard, the inner and outer panels can also be made of other materials, e.g. plywood or foamed plastic. The edge flanges can then be made of cardboard.

Ainakin osa elementistå voi olla myos nelikulmaisia. Ra-kennus voi olla silloin paitsi kupolimainen, myos suorakul-mion muotoinen jolloin katto voi olla tasakatto tai harjakat-to.At least some of the elements may also be rectangular. The building can then be not only dome-shaped, but also rectangular, in which case the roof can be a flat roof or a gable roof.

20 Liittimissa olevat ulokkeet, jotka tyontyvåt sisåpaneelien laippojen reikiin, voidaan jåttåå poiskin. Koska ulkopaneeli-en keskiosan ja laippojen vålinen kulma on pienempi kuin 90°, eristekerros ja sisåpaneeli pysyvåt silti hyvin paikoillaan ulkopaneelien laippojen vålisesså tilassa.20 The projections in the connectors that protrude into the holes in the flanges of the inner panels can be omitted. Since the angle between the center of the outer panels and the flanges is less than 90 °, the insulating layer and the inner panel still remain well in place in the space between the flanges of the outer panels.

««

Claims

A building assembled from plate-like elements, the walls of which are assembled from the first panels (3) and the second panels (4) and the lammono-insulating elements (5) between them, the edges of the panels (3, 4) being provided the circumferential flanges (8) of the insulating elements and the panels (3) of the first surface are arranged so that the flanges (8) of the two parallel panels are opposite and fastened to each other, characterized in that the panels (3, 4) io are arranged in pairs and nested so that each of the second surface panels (4) is on the inside of one panel (3) of the opposing first surface such that the flanges (8) of the second surface panel (4) are fitted against the flanges of the first surface panel.

A building according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposite flanges (8) of the panels (3) of the first surface are fastened to each other by connectors (13 or 20) passing through the holes (11) in the flanges, the projections (13 'or 25) is fitted in holes (14, 26) in the flanges (8) of the panels (4) of the second surface 20.

A building according to claim 2, wherein the connectors (20) are 2-pronged and their branches (21, 21 ') coincide at the outer edge of the flanges (8) of the first surface panels (3), characterized in that the branches (21, 21) ') the inner surface has oppositely arranged connector parts (22, 23).

Building according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the outer and / or inner panels (3, 4) are corrugated cardboard with at least two overlapping corrugated layers (6), characterized in that the corrugation passes in different layers. (6) in at least two different directions.

A building according to claim 4, characterized in that its lower part (15) consists of elements in which the ridges of the corrugated layers of corrugated cardboard and the air ducts between them run vertically.

5,91655

Building according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the panels (3, 4) have at least two overlapping layers (6), characterized in that the edges of the panels (3, 4) are reinforced with a hard mass (12). 91655

A building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the edges (9, 10) of the central part of the panels (3, 4) and the flanges (8) which, when folded, form a charm with each other are chamfered on the inside, characterized in that the panels (3,4) ) 5 beveled points (9, 10) are reinforced with hard mass (12).

Building according to Claim 2, characterized in that the edges of the holes (11) in the flanges (8) of the panels (3, 4) are reinforced with a hard mass (12). II 7 91655