FI86740B - Lubricant composition and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Description

and 86740

This invention relates to phosphorus-containing amides obtained by a coupling reaction, their precursors, lubricant concentrates and lubricants containing them, which can be used for the lubrication of internal combustion engines, hydraulic equipment and the like. The amides obtained by the coupling reaction can be prepared, for example, by a reaction in which acids such as dialkyl and / or diarylphosphorodithioic acids are reacted with unsaturated hydrocarbon acrylamides and then coupled by a coupling reaction in the presence of formaldehyde and / or paraformaldehyde.

DE-A-819 998 relates to a process for the preparation of phosphoric acid or thiophosphoric acid esters containing a carboxylic acid amide group.

An article by Wolf and Heiden-Reich; publication Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschau, Vol. 64, No. 6 (1968), p. 171 - 177; relates to the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds having insecticidal and antifungal activity, such as N, N'-methylenibis (O, O-dialkylphosphoryl mercaptoacylamines), in which the alkyl part of the dialkylphosphoryl groups contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the amides can be via a coupling component.

U.S. Patent 4,032,461 (Hoke) relates to phosphorus- and sulfur-containing amides and thioamides as lubricating oil additives and lubricating oil compositions containing them.

U.S. Patent No. 4,208,357 (Hoke) relates to a process for preparing phosphorus- and sulfur-containing amides and thioamides.

U.S. Patent No. 4,282,171 (Hoke) also relates to phosphorus- and sulfur-containing amides and thioamides.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide 2 86740 phosphorus-containing amide compounds and / or phosphorus- and sulfur-containing compounds (both hereinafter referred to simply as phosphorus-containing amide compounds) obtained by a field reaction, which compounds are coupled with alkylene, ether, thioether or amino. -5 via oxyl linking groups.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a mixture of phosphorus-containing amide compounds and other functional derivatives of phosphorus-containing amides obtained by a coupling reaction in a lubricant composition, wherein the coupling group is represented by one or more of the following structural formulas R 'i

O S N 0 S

15 -R R-, -R R-, -R R-, -R-, -R- or -R- wherein R is independently alkylene or alkylidene having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R 'is hydrogen, or an alkyl or alkylcarboxyl residue containing 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

Three phosphorus-containing amide compounds may be linked together when the coupling component is R *

25 N

/ \ -R R-

It is a further object of the invention to provide an effective load-bearing agent in admixture with a minor amount of such coupling reaction-containing phosphorus-containing amide compounds and their precursors and other functional derivatives of phosphorus-containing amides in other lubricating oils or other functional oils.

These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is a lubricant composition comprising as a main ingredient lubricating oil and a smaller part of a load-bearing substance.

as a mixture of compounds of formula I

f ΐ, f f ΐ \ ΐ f \ 10 P - X2— C "T— C fC - N —j — Ra (I)

V R1 VR2 R4 R6 J J

n n 'wherein X1, X2 and X3 are independently 0 or S; R 1 and R 2 are independently a hydrocarbon radical, an oxy attached to the hydrocarbon radical having a hydrocarbon moiety of alkyl containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a thio attached to the hydrocarbon radical having from 4 to about 34 carbon atoms; R 3, R 4, R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen or alkyl of about 22 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or aryl of about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, alkyl-substituted aryl or aryl-substituted alkyl of 6 to about 34 carbon atoms; R 7 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; n 'is 1, 2 or 3; and when n 'is 2, then R8 is 30 R'

0 S N 0 S

/ R 1, -R R-, -R R-, -R R-, -R-, -R- or -R- * 86740 and when n 'is 3, then R 8 is \ R' i

OF

R 1 -R R 5 wherein R is independently hydrogen, alkylene or alkylidene having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and R 'is hydrogen, an alkyl or alkylcarboxyl residue having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. R is preferably methylene and R 'is preferably alkyl containing 1 to 28 carbon atoms.

When n 'is 1 or 2, R' and / or R may be a linking group as defined above, hydrogen or an alkyl or carboxyalkyl moiety corresponding to the above-mentioned linking group. When one of R8 is a linking group, R and R 'cannot be hydrogen, but must be a coupling component such as alkylene or alkylidene to link the phosphorus-containing amide.

The amide compounds of formula I obtained by the coupling reaction (i.e. when n 'is 2 or 3) are obtained by the coupling reaction of phosphorus-containing amides. While coupled non-phosphorus-containing amides are intermediates, they are in themselves useful compounds, e.g., as load-bearing agents in lubricating oil, and can be reacted to contain an R 8 functional group when n 'is 1. Such unbound phospho -25-containing amides are likely to be present together with the phosphorus-containing compounds of formula I obtained by the coupling reaction when used as load-bearing agents in lubricating oil. Thus, the load-bearing agents of the invention may consist of and preferably consist of mixtures of compounds comprising: 1) a mixture of different unbound phosphorus-containing amides (n 'is 1); 2) a mixture of phosphorus-containing amides (n1 is 2) obtained by a coupling reaction; and 3 86740 3) a mixture of phosphorus-containing amides obtained by a coupling reaction (n 'is 3) comprising coupling of similar and different phosphorus-containing amides via one or more different coupling components.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of formula I

The mixture of compounds according to the invention includes compounds in which n 'is 1 and R8 is -R6H, and compounds obtained by a coupling reaction in which n' is 2 and R8 is -CH2 CH2-.

Phosphorus-containing amides are first shown and described herein, followed by a description and description of the coupling agents, which in turn is followed by a description and presentation of the coupling reaction amide compounds of formula I.

The phosphorus-containing amides used in the coupling reaction to prepare the compounds of formula I can be prepared by a number of alternative methods. The preferred reaction method comprises compound (A), i.e. an acid of formula 20 R1 X1 \ H.

P-X 2 H (A) R 2 25 reaction with compound (B), i.e. an acrylamide type compound of formula R 3 R 5 X 3 R 7

I I II I

c = c - C - NH (B); 3o r4 wherein different R groups and different X groups are as defined above. That is, for an acid, X1 and X2 are independently oxygen or sulfur; with sulfur being preferred. X3 35 is also oxygen or sulfur, but oxygen is preferred. R 1 and 6 86740 R 2 are, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon radical, an oxy attached to the hydrocarbon radical (the hydrocarbon moiety preferably containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms) or a thio attached to the hydrocarbon radical; with oxy attached to the hydrocarbon radical being preferred.

Thus, the preferred type of compound (A) is phosphorodithioic acid, wherein the hydrocarbon radicals are each alkyl, each aryl or one of the foregoing.

Likewise, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined above; with hydrogen and methyl being preferred. R 7 may be alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms; with hydrogen being preferred.

The phosphorodithioic acids of this invention (Formula A, wherein X 1 and X 2 are each sulfur) can be prepared according to any conventional method well known in the art. Generally, an alcohol, e.g., an alkyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, or both, is reacted with a phosphorus sulfide such as P 2 S 5. A suitable reaction is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,361,668, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for the purpose of describing such a reaction.

Examples of the reaction component of type (B) are e.g. acrylamide, methacrylamide where R5 is methyl, and crotonamide.

The phosphorus-containing amide compounds of the invention and the compounds obtained by the coupling reaction are oil-soluble compounds. The oil solubility requirement relates to the length of the carbon chain of groups R1 to R8. For example, if R 5 is methylene, R 1 and R 2 contain 6 to 22 carbon atoms to provide oil solubility.

The reaction between the acid (A) and the amide compound (B) is exothermic and therefore requires only a slight introduction of heat. The reaction may conveniently be carried out in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, for example at a temperature of about 25 to about 100 ° C; a temperature range of about 70 to about 90 ° C is preferred.

The reaction can be carried out in the presence or absence of a solvent. Preferably, the reaction takes place in a solvent medium, typically a hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene, xylene, hexane, heptane, kerosene, fuel oil, an oil having a viscosity suitable for lubrication or the like, or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or the like. or an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 2-ethylhexanol or the like. In addition to dissolving, the solvent brings with it beneficial processing factors, such as control of the exothermic reaction and prevention of adverse side reactions.

Although the reaction time depends on the temperature, it is usually only 1 hour or 2 hours or less.

Reaction of an acid of formula (A) with an acrylamide type compound of formula (B) affords a compound of the following formula: X1 R3 R5 X3 R7

Il i I II i R1— P- X - C - C - C —NH I 2 I 4 '

R2 R4 H

In this case, in formula I, R8 is hydrogen and n 'is 1. This reaction product is an intermediate. However, it can also serve as a final product for use as an additive in a lubricant composition, where it acts as a load-bearing agent, as an anti-wear agent at particularly high pressures, as a corrosion inhibitor and the like.

The intermediate obtained as a reaction product of compounds (A) and (B) can be subjected to a coupling reaction as described below and / or further reacted in various ways known to a person skilled in the art to give other functional groups Re to its nitrogen atom; such groups include -RÖH, -ROR, -RSR, and 8 S 6 740 R '-RN, wherein R and R1 are as defined above.

\

R

An alternative, albeit less preferred, method for preparing phosphorus-containing amides is one in which the acid (A) of formula

R1 X1 \ H

P - X2H (A), / 10 R2 is reacted with a compound of formula (D) of formula 15 / R3 R5 X3 r \ / II II 1 \ 8 l C = -C - C - N - t - R8 (D) 7 7 n '20

Depending on what the other substituents are, it may be necessary for R 1 and R 2 to contain a larger number of carbon atoms to provide oil solubility.

The acid (A) is the same as described above for the reaction product and thus X1 and X2 may be oxygen or sulfur; with sulfur being preferred. X3 may also be oxygen or sulfur, however, oxygen is preferred. Likewise, R1 and R2 are the same as described above. As mentioned above, R 1 and R 2 may each be alkyl of 1 to 25, preferably 4 to 25 carbon atoms, or both may be alkyl-substituted aryl having 1 to 28 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent. Further, one of R 1 and R 2 may be alkyl, the other being alkyl-substituted aryl. In addition, more than one 9,86740 acids of the above formula (A) having the above-mentioned substituents R1 and R2 can be used, thus ensuring that there is a statistical mixture of different alkyl groups and alkyl-substituted aryl groups.

As for component (D), it is somewhat similar to the compound of formula (B) shown above, except that it is linked via the group R8. Respectively, R 3, R 4, R 5 and R 7 are the same as defined above for compound (B). Thus, in summary, the various groups R 3, R 4, R 5 and R 7 are substantially saturated hydrocarbon radicals, and are preferably either methyl or hydrogen. As for the radical R8, it is the same as described above in connection with formula I. R8 is preferably 15 / ° -ch2 ch2-

Like the reaction between acid (A) and compound (B), the reaction between acid (A) and compound (D) is exothermic and thus requires only a small amount of heat. Essentially, the reaction of compound (D) with acid (A) is very similar to the reaction between compound (B) and acid (A). Thus, this reaction is preferably carried out in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of about 25 to about 25 ° C; a temperature range of about 70 to about 90 ° C is preferred. The reaction time is usually short, for example in the order of less than one hour or 2 hours. Here, too, hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, hexane, heptane, kerosene, fuel oil, oil having a viscosity suitable for lubrication or the like, or a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and the like, or an alcohol such as methyl, are used. , ethanol, propanol, butanol, 2-ethylhexanol and the like. Once the product is formed, the various solvents can be removed by fractional distillation in vacuo or the like.

10 86740

Yet another alternative process for the preparation of the compounds of the invention, and in particular for the preparation of the above coupling compounds containing the R6 group, is the substitution reaction. In this reaction, a metal salt of an acid (A) of the formula (E) R 1 X 1 \ 1 P - X 2 M (E) 10 R 2 is reacted with a compound of the formula (F) R 3 / R 5 \ X 3 R 7 4 * / \ H 15 X4 - C 4 - C-fC - NH (F)

k'Yk'J

In the formulas X1, X2, X3, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and n20 are as defined above. M is an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or the like, or an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium or the like, or hydrogen; with sodium and potassium being preferred. As for the substituent X4, it is a displaceable halogen or a carbon group well known in the art, such as Cl, Br, I, tosyl, mesyl or the like.

The reaction of the compounds of formulas (E) and (F) takes place in a very similar manner to that described above in connection with the preparation of the reaction product of compound (A) and compound (B). Briefly, the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 10 to about 200 ° C; a range of about 50 to about 150 ° C is preferred. Naturally, an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen is used. Although not necessary, the reaction can be to-35 in a diluent. The solvent also contains by-product salts, e.g. KCl, NaCl, NaBr, KBr, etc., which are insoluble in the reaction medium and are easily removed by filtration. The amounts of the compounds of formulas (E) and (F) are generally equivalent amounts. The resulting product has the following formula X1 R3 / R5 \ X3 R7

1 «, I / I \ Μ I

R1— P - X2- C f C 4 C - NH (II) A »\ r’7 10" n

After the reaction product of compound (A) and compound (B) is formed, these reaction products are preferably coupled by reacting them with an aldehyde or ketone (C), or a synthon equivalent to aldehyde or ketone, having the following formula 0

II

R-C to R 10 (C) 20 wherein R 9 and R 10 may independently be hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl or alkyl-substituted phenyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, compound (C) is an aldehyde, i.e. R 10 is hydrogen and has a total of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, with formaldehyde and para-formaldehyde being highly preferred as they can result in methylene and dimethylene ether coupling components.

The coupling reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of strong mineral acids or organic acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4, H 3 PO 4, CH 3 SO 3 H, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like. The amount of acid catalyst is generally from about 0.3 to about 1.5% by weight, preferably from about 0.8 to about 1.2%, and especially from about 0.9 to about 1.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the product formed. Even smaller amounts of catalyst can be used, but the reaction is then generally slower and a smaller proportion of the desired product is formed.

The reaction with a compound of formula (C) ta-5 initially takes place at a temperature of about 80 to about 120 ° C, preferably about 80 to about 100 ° C in an inert atmosphere. The final reaction temperature is generally higher, for example from about 100 to about 150 ° C, preferably from about 125 to about 135 ° C.

Alternatively, if it is desired to stop the reaction to the carbinol step (Formula II wherein X is 0), the reaction between compound (A) and compound (B) is best carried out using basic catalysts, e.g. NaHCO 3, KHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3, KCO 3, NaOH, KOH, etc. This reaction mixture can be neutralized with acid and heated to remove water; may react with H 2 S, NaHS or Na 2 S or another source of S 2 ', or with NH 3 or R "NH 2, where R" is optionally H, alkyl of 1 to 60 carbon atoms, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl or aryl-substituted alkyl of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or acyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms to form an ether (Formula I; X is O) (Formula I; X is S) or amino (Formula I; X is N ).

The amount of the reaction components (A) and (II) is preferably an equivalent 1: 1 weight ratio, although higher or lower amounts may also be used. An equivalent 1: 1 weight ratio of the two reaction components is preferred because otherwise a higher than desired acid number is obtained or the other reaction component is literally wasted. The amount of the reaction product formed and reacting with the coupling agent (C) is from about 0.3 to about 3.0 weight equivalents used per one weight equivalent of said aldehyde or ketone compound (C); with an equivalent ratio of 1: 1 being preferred. The coupling agent (C) may be a mixture of different coupling agents, and preferably contains paraformaldehyde.

The combination of formaldehyde and a phosphorus-containing amide compound as described above may link the amide 5 together or may result in the formation of the -CH 2 OH group attached to the nitrogen atom of the amide. Two such amides having a group -CH 2 OH can then be reacted to form an amide obtained by a coupling reaction with a coupling component of 10 ° C-ch 2 ch 2 - Such a coupling reaction can take place using unbound compounds whose reaction is endothermic. An endothermic reaction may be advantageous for the load-bearing lubricating properties of the total oil composition.

Other linking components (R8 in formula I when n 'is 2 or 3) and functional groups (R8 in formula I when n' is 1) can be attached to the nitrogen atoms of the phosphorus-containing amides described above by methods known to those skilled in the art.

As briefly described above, the compounds of the invention are particularly useful as additives in lubricant compositions. The compounds of the invention are particularly useful as additives for lubrication purposes, where they act primarily as load-bearing agents, anti-wear agents at high and very high pressures, oxidation inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and the like. Lubricant compositions containing the compounds of the invention as additives comprise as a main component lubricating oil and a small amount of said compound sufficient to improve the load-bearing capacity, anti-corrosion or anti-corrosion properties of the composition.

14 86740

In general, the compounds are used in lubricants in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, and preferably from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition. In addition, the compounds of the invention may be used in concentrated form, i.e. in ointment concentrates in an amount of 0.5 to about 50% by weight and preferably about 1 to about 25% by weight based on the total weight of the concentrate.

In addition to the compounds of the invention, the concentrate may contain one or more other compounds such as anti-wear agents, load-bearing agents, corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, emulsifiers, antifoams, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergents, detergents.

The compounds of the invention may also be used as insecticides or pesticides.

In accordance with the present invention, a variety of coupling agents are used to provide a variety of phosphorus-containing amides obtained by the coupling reaction. Other reactions attach other functional groups to phosphorus-containing amides. These non-coupled compounds may be present in admixture with paraformaldehyde-linked amides in a lubricating oil useful in providing the desired properties, or as load-bearing agents, very high pressure additives, and generally as additives in lubricant compositions.

A preferred embodiment of this invention is of formula I.

30 / X1 R3 / R5 \ X3 r \ uvH (v7 ~ 7r 'n n' compounds).

35 is 86740 1 2

With respect to the groups X and X, it is stated that each of them is independently oxygen or sulfur and preferably sulfur, while X is O or S and preferably O.

1 R and R are each independently a hydrocarbon-5 radical, a thio attached to a hydrocarbon radical or, preferably, an oxy group attached to a hydrocarbon radical, wherein 1 2

the hydrocarbon moiety contains 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Groups R and R

the hydrocarbon moiety generally contains from 1 to about 34 carbon atoms.

7 8 12

When R is hydrogen and R is methylene, R and R contain 10 to 12 carbon atoms to make the compound of formula I 1 2 sufficiently oil soluble. The hydrocarbon moieties of the groups R and R may be independently alkyl or aryl. Although the hydrocarbon moiety of R and R may be a hydrocarbon group of the same type, i.e. each is alkyl or both are aromatic, often one of these groups may be alkyl and the other group may be aromatic. Various compounds of formula I prepared by reacting a mixture of two or more different reaction components, each containing an alkyl carbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (R and R).

The same or different compounds are coupled via different coupling groups R® to form a statistical mixture of compounds obtained by the coupling reaction, or are reacted with different compounds to give different functional groups R.

The term "hydrocarbon substituent" or "hydrocarbon radical" as used throughout this specification, as well as in the claims, refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the rest of the molecule and having a predominantly hydrocarbon character in the context of this invention.

ie 86740 1 2

The hydrocarbon radical of the radicals R and R is preferably alkyl containing from 6 to 22, more preferably from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of such groups are e.g. hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, octadecyl, behenyl and the like including all isomers thereof. If the R or 2 R hydrocarbon radical should be aromatic, it may be phenyl or naphthyl. It is often accompanied by an alkyl substituent. Thus, alkyl-substituted aryls may have an alkyl substituent containing zero carbon atoms, wherein said aryl is phenyl, to about 28 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 7 to about 12 carbon atoms.

When a mixture of compounds of formula I is used which contains significant or effective amounts of R 1 or R substituents of the alkyl-1 2 15 type, the aromatic substituent may contain in its alkyl group, i.e. in the alkyl portion of the alkyl-substituted aryl, preferably from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms. . This is because, although the solubility of phenyl or lower alkyl-substituted aryls may be quite low, the overall solubility of the lubricant composition generally increases to the desired level when using hydrocarbon radicals R and R which are alkyl and / or when R and / or R groups having a large number of carbon atoms are used. Lower, for example, less than 6 1 2

Use of alkyl having 25 carbon atoms as R and R groups

g of methylene as a group R is detrimental to oil solubility.

When looking at an alkyl-substituted aryl group, the aryl is preferably phenyl, while the alkyl may be the same as described above. Individual examples of such alkyl groups attached to the aromatic ring include e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, behenyl and the like, including their isomers.

Thus, individual examples of mixed hydrocarbon radicals (R and R) or substituents include e.g. tolyl and 177,740 octyl, tolyl and hexyl, isobutylphenyl and amyl, phenyl and isooctyl and the like. The hydrocarbon substituents (R and R) are also certain when using cresylic acids to form the phosphorus moiety of the compound of formula I. The sources, type and alternatives of cresylic acids are known to those skilled in the art. The number of different molecular types in the mixture is further increased by different linking groups R as defined above in connection with formula I when n 'is 2 or 3.

12 2 10 When X and X are sulfur and especially when X is 1 2 sulfur, the alkyl hydrocarbon substituent (R or R) contains 1 2 6 or more carbon atoms. However, when X or X is oxygen and zinc when X is oxygen, the alkyl hydrocarbon radical (R or 2 R) contains 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

As for the radicals R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 6, each of them may independently be hydrogen or a saturated hydrocarbon radical having up to 22 carbon atoms. The saturated hydrocarbon radical may be alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having 4 to 22 carbon atoms. or aryl, aryl-substituted alkyl or alkyl-substituted aryl having from 6 to about 34 carbon atoms Preferably, R, R, R and R are hydrogen or methyl, with hydrogen being particularly preferred. R, R 3 and R 0 include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, etc., and isomers thereof, while examples of individual aryl groups include phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, heptylphenyl, nonylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, wax-substituted phenyl, etc. With respect to the group R ~ * -CR 2, n may be O or 1. Preferably n is 1.

7

When looking at the amide portion of the molecule, R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms; hydrogen being particularly preferred. Examples of individual alkyl groups include e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc., including their various isomers.

18 86740

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a statistical mixture (i.e. coupled and non-coupled compounds each having different substituent groups so as to form a number of different compounds) which are formed by different phosphorus-containing amide compounds,

O

which are attached to different R groups or linked by g R groups, provided that in the general formula I the mixture contains some compounds in which n 'is g 1 and R is -Cf 2 OH as well as compounds in which n' is 2, 10 R ® on / ° \ -ch2 ch2-

Any such statistical mixture shall contain verifiable

15 seemingly some of the compounds of formula I obtained by the coupling reaction

8 ft compounds wherein R is methylene. When R is 1 2 methylene, the substituents R and R must generally contain more than 6 carbon atoms to maintain good oil solubility. When n 'is 1, R is selected from the group consisting of 20 h, -RÖH, -ROR, -RSR and RNfR ^ / and when n' is 2 or 3, R ^ is selected from the group consisting of R '

O S N O S

/ \ / \ / \ il II

-R R-, -R R-, -R R-, -R-, -R- or -R- 25. g and when n 'is 3, R is (R'

OF

S 1 -R R 30 wherein R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl moiety, alkylene or alkylidene containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R 'is hydrogen or an alkyl or carboxyalkyl moiety, alkylene or alkylidene containing from 1 to 60 carbon atoms ; Ron is preferably an alkyl moiety having 1 to 28 carbon atoms. When R and R 'are linking groups, they may be alkylene and / or alkylidene, i.e. the linkage may be at adjacent positions and / or a double bond. The compounds of formula I are believed to be novel compounds and those compounds which are oil soluble are of particular importance for the present invention.

The following illustrates the preparation of the compounds of the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

Example 1

To a mixture of 1775 parts (4.26 equivalents -10 liters) of O, O-diisoctylphosphoridithioic acid and 980 parts of toluene is added 302 parts (4.26 equivalents) of acrylamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction takes place exothermically to about 56 ° C and 77 parts (2.33 equivalents) of paraformaldehyde and 215 parts (0.11 equivalents) of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate are added to the mixture. Heating is continued at reflux temperature (92-127 ° C) while removing 48 parts of water. After cooling to 100 ° C, 9.2 parts (0.11 equivalents) of sodium bicarbonate are added and cooling is continued to about 20 ° C. The mixture is evacuated (147 Pa, 15 mmHg) and the toluene solvent is removed by raising the temperature to 110 ° C. The residue is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 6.86% P (theoretically 6.74%).

25 Example 2

To a mixture of 1494 parts (3.79 equivalents) of O, di-isooctyl phosphorodithioic acid and 800 parts of toluene is added, under a nitrogen atmosphere, 537 parts (3.79 equivalents) of a 50% aqueous solution of acrylamide over an hour. The reaction mixture is exothermic to about 53 ° C and 64 parts (1.93 equivalents) of paraformaldehyde and 18 parts (0.095 equivalents) of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate are added. Heating is continued at reflux (91-126 ° C) for 4 hours while collecting 305 parts of 35 water. The mixture is cooled to about 90 ° C and 7.6 parts (0.095 equivalents) of a 50% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide are added. Cooling is continued to about 30 ° C and the mixture is evacuated (147 Pa, 15 mmHg). The toluene solvent is removed by raising the temperature to 110 ° C. The residue is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 6.90% P (theoretically 6.75%) and 2.92% N (theoretically 2.97%).

Example 3

To a mixture of 984 parts (1.30 equivalents) of 0,0-p-didodecylphenylphosphoridithioic acid and 10,575 parts of toluene is added 100 parts (0.65 equivalents) of methylenebisacrylamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is exothermic to about 40 ° C and is heated at 80-85 ° C for 2 hours. After cooling to 30 ° C, the mixture is evacuated (147 Pa, 15 mmHg) and the toluene-15 solvent is removed by raising the temperature to 100 ° C. The residue is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 4.09% P (theoretically 4.31%).

Example 4 A reaction vessel is charged with 820 parts of toluene and 930 parts (2.32 equivalents) of 0,0-dialkylphosphorodithioic acid prepared from a mixture of 20 mole percent isobutyl alcohol and 80 mole percent 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. To this mixture, which is maintained under a nitrogen atmosphere, 178.6 parts (1.16 equivalents) of methylenebisacrylamide are added. The mixture is exothermic to about 65 ° C and is heated at about 80-85 ° C for 2 hours. Cool to 50 ° C and evacuate (294 Pa, 30 mmHg). The toluene solvent is removed by raising the temperature to 115 ° C. The residue is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 7.30% P (theoretically 7.28%).

21 86740

Example 5

To a mixture of 305 parts of toluene and 611 parts (1.82 equivalents) of O, O-dialkyl-substituted phosphorodithioic acid prepared from a mixture of 20 mol% of 5 phenol and 80 mol% of i-octyl alcohol is added 258 parts (1.82 equivalents) of A 50% aqueous solution of acrylamide within 20 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. The exotherm initially continues to 60 ° C, after which 32.1 parts (0.97 equivalents) of paraformaldehyde and 7.3 parts (0.038 equivalents) of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate are added. The mixture is heated to reflux (91-127 ° C) for 2 hours, during which time 131 parts of water are removed. The mixture is cooled to 80 ° C and 3.1 parts (0.038 equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution are added. cooling

continue to 50 ° C and evacuate (294 Pa, 30 mmHg). The toluene solvent is removed by raising the temperature to 110 ° C. The residue is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 7.09% P

20 (theoretically 7.42%).

Example 6 To 1017 parts (3.0 equivalents) of 0,0-di-4-methyl-2-pentylphosphorodithioic acid in nitrogen is added 213 parts (3.0 equivalents) of acrylamide. The reaction is exothermic to 65 ° C and is maintained at 65-75 ° C for one to three hours. The product is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 7.65% P (theoretically 7.82%), 3.51% N (theoretically 3.50%) and 16.05% S (theoretically 16.06%).

Example 7 To 614 parts (1.5 equivalents) of 0,0-diisoctyl-phosphorodithioic acid under nitrogen is added 213 parts (1.5 equivalents) of a 50% aqueous solution of acrylamide. The reaction is exothermic to 65 ° C and the mixture is maintained at 35-70 ° C for 2 hours. The mixture is evacuated (196 Pa, 20 mmHg) while raising the temperature to 90 ° C. The residue is filtered through 22 B6740 fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 6.67% P (theoretically 6.60%), 2.94% N (theoretically 2.97%) and 14.50% S (theoretically 13.60%).

Example 8 To 1340 parts (3.41 equivalents) of 0,0-diisoctyl-phosphorodithioic acid under nitrogen is added 242 parts (3.41 equivalents) of acrylamide. The reaction is exothermic up to 60 ° C and maintained at 65-70 ° C for one hour. To this mixture is added 400 parts of toluene, 14 parts of potassium carbonate and 307 parts (3.58 equivalents) of 35% aqueous formaldehyde. The mixture is heated under a nitrogen atmosphere at 35-40 ° C for 16 hours. To this mixture is added 18.2 parts of ice cream.

15 Example 9

The product of Example 8 is dewatered using a Dean Stark trap at reflux for 6 hours. After collecting 234 parts of water (temperature 120 ° C), the mixture is cooled to 30 ° C. The mixture is evacuated (294 Pa, 30 mmHg) while raising the temperature to 115 ° C. The mixture is filtered through a fine filter aid and the filtrate is the desired product. The product contains 6.71% phosphorus.

As mentioned above, the compositions of this invention are useful as additives for lubricants and functional fluids. They can be used in a variety of lubricants based on a variety of oils of suitable viscosity for lubrication purposes, including naturally occurring and synthetic oils and mixtures thereof.

30 These lubricant compositions comprising said and additive concentrates are effective as crankcase lubricant oils in spark ignition and compression ignition internal combustion engines, including automobile and truck engines, two-stroke engine engines, marine engine engines, 35 engine piston engines, aircraft 35 engine piston engines, like. Automatic transmission fluids, transmission shaft lubricants, transmission lubricants, metalworking lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other lubricating oil and grease compositions may also benefit from the addition of said additive concentrates.

As indicated above, the phosphorus-containing amide-type compounds obtained by the coupling reaction of this invention can be added directly to the lubricant in the amounts set forth above. In addition, they are often diluted with a substantially inert, usually liquid, organic diluent such as mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like to form an additive concentrate. The concentrates may further contain one or more additives known in the art or described above. The final portion of the concentrate is a substantially inert, normally liquid diluent.

An example of a concentrate is as follows:

The product of Example 2 15% by weight 20% by weight of Zn salt of phosphorodithioic acid

Oxidation inhibitor 20% by weight

Anti-corrosion agent 5% by weight

Mineral oil 10% by weight

The concentrate had good solubility for the product of Example 2 therein.

Using 1 part by weight of the above concentrate in 99 parts by weight of mineral oil and the resulting solution was tested F.Z.G. with respect to the gear test, an improvement was observed from the approved 10 load stage to the approved 12 load stage, (pass 12 load stage).

Although the best embodiment and preferred embodiment of the invention have been set forth herein, it is to be understood that numerous modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that the invention is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (11)

24 86740 A lubricant composition comprising an oil having a lubricating viscosity and a load-bearing substance, characterized in that the load-bearing substance is a coupled phosphorus-containing amide of the formula / "X1 R3 / R8 \ X3 r \ 10 f, P-X2- C + -C- + C— N —4 R8 (I) VVR * 1 ”J where X1, X2 and X3 independently of one another denote 0 or S; R 1 and R 2 independently of one another denote a hydrocarbon radical, branches based on a hydrocarbon radical, the hydrocarbon moiety containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a thio based on a hydrocarbon radical having from 4 to about 34 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon radical; R 5, R 4, R 5 and R 6 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or aryl of about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, alkyl-substituted aryl or aryl-substituted alkyl of 6 to about 34 carbon atoms; R 7 represents hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; n is 0 or 1; n 'is 1, 2 or 3; And when n 'is 2, then R8 is R' i 0. N 0 S / \ · \ / \ il h -R R-, -R R-, -R R-, -R-, -R- or -R- 25 86 7 40 wherein R is independently 1- Alkylene or alkylidene having 12 carbon atoms and R 'is hydrogen, an alkyl residue or an alkylcarboxyl residue containing 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and when n' is 3, then R8 is R "N / R -R where R" means alkylene or alkylidene containing up to 60 carbon atoms. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that n 'is 2 and R * is a linking group 0/1 -R R- in which R is an alkylene or alkylidene group having 1 to 20 12 carbon atoms and in which the radicals R1 and R 2 hydrocarbon moieties independently represent alkyl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms or alkyl-substituted aryl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent; R3, R1, R2 and R6 independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl; n is 1, and X1 and X2 are each S, and X3 is O. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that R 1 and R 1 are each octyloxy, n 'is 2 and R 8 is 30 N -ch 2 ch 2 - Composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the composition is 26 86740 concentrate containing from about 1% to about 50% by weight of a load-bearing material. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains a load-bearing substance in an amount ranging from about 0.0001 to about 2 parts by weight. Lubricant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains a load-bearing substance in an amount ranging from about 0.0001 to about 0.5 parts by weight. A process for preparing a lubricant composition, characterized in that the acid (A) of formula R1 X1 \ li P-X2H (A) r2 // wherein X1 and X2 independently of one another denote 0 or 20 S, and R1 and R2 independently of one another denote a hydrocarbon radical, branches based on a hydrocarbon radical or a thio based on a hydrocarbon radical having 4 to about 34 carbon atoms are reacted with a compound of formula (B) of formula R 3 R 5 X 3 R 7 II II C = C - C-NH (B) R 4 wherein X 3 is O or S, and R 3, R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen or a saturated hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and R 7 represents hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; recovering the product formed in the reaction between the acid (A) and the compound (B); and 27 86740 reacting the reaction product of the reaction between the acid (A) and the compound (B) with a coupling compound (C) which is an aldehyde or a ketone; and recovering the reaction product between compounds (A), (B) and (C) and adding it to an oil having a viscosity suitable for lubricating purposes. Process according to Claim 7, characterized in that the coupling compound (C) is para-formaldehyde and the hydrocarbon moieties of R 1 and R 2 are, independently of one another, alkyl having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or alkyl-substituted aryl having 1 alkyl substituent. - 12 carbon atoms, and R 3, R 4, R 5 and R 7 independently of one another denote hydrogen or methyl. 28 86740