FI84712C - Self-tensioning buffer device - Google Patents

Description

TIGHTENING BUMPER DEVICE

84712 1

The invention relates to a buffer device, mainly for rail vehicles, by means of which the clearance between the carriages to be connected or the locomotive can be removed, whereby the relative movements 5 between them are reduced and damped when the carriages are moved.

The locomotive and the wagon or two wagons are normally connected to each other by a towing hook and a screw coupling, a Vapiti coupling, a central buffer or some other automatic coupling. These couplings are equipped with a resilient device inside the locomotive / wagon body. When using a towbar and 10 screw couplings, side buffers must also be used, as the towbar only receives traction and thrust is transmitted via the side buffers. In this case, the joint is tightened with a screw so that the side buffers contact each other with a small prestress so that there is no gap between the buffers which, when the load varies between traction and compression, would cause jerking or vibration in the connected carriages or locomotives.

The use of a screw coupling is cumbersome and slow and work safety is poor, as the coupling has to go between the wagon and another wagon / locomotive to be pressed against it. In order to improve occupational safety and speed up the 20 connections, various central buffers and automatic switches have been developed, which speed up and facilitate connection.

The connection between the central buffers is fixed, but the elastic devices resilient in both directions of these couplings are generally worn so that there is a play in them which causes jerking and vibration when the train 25 is pulled.

For this reason, a stabilization buffer according to DE 2126805 has been developed, the elastic curve of which is initially gentle over a long distance, only steepening at the end. Such long-elastic buffers have also been tried in Finland, but in general they also interfere with coupling, especially in curves, and on the other hand they do not completely remove the clearance.

It is also known to mount a hydraulic cylinder on the carriage body, the arm of which acts on the pressure plate of the buffer, pushing it outwards.

Due to space problems, it has been necessary to use separate hydraulic cylinders with a pressure of 40-50 bar, which results in sealing problems due to the constant reciprocating movement. Such a solution is disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,656,939. However, the problem with the solution is the leakage problems associated with the hydraulic cylinder, the long space required by the structure, and the complex structure.

84712 2

The clearance is most detrimental when coupling to a towbar with an automatic coupling in which the bracket or loop is automatically placed on the hook without tightening it, e.g. with a coupling according to FI patent 78031 or the so-called BSI-switch. In this case, the clearance between the buffers 5 may be up to 70-80 mm.

The device according to the invention provides a decisive improvement in the above-mentioned drawbacks. The features characteristic of the buffer device according to the invention are set out in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The buffer device according to the invention itself, i.e. the press plate and the piston part 10, at the same time form a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder, by means of which the length of the buffer can be changed and the coupling tightened.

One advantage of the invention is that, due to the large cylinder diameter achieved by the structure, low-pressure air can also be used as the force-transmitting medium, whereby the sealing of the cylinder does not cause problems, such as with high-pressure oil.

With the device according to the invention, the clearance in the coupling can be completely eliminated and thus the transfer of the carriages is made jerk-free. In addition, the operation is automatic, which improves work safety, as there is no need to tighten the coupling by hand.

In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows the device according to the invention untensioned.

Figure 2 schematically shows the device 25 according to the invention in the tightening position.

Figure 3 shows a partial embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention in partial section.

Figure 4 shows the connection of a locomotive equipped with a device according to the invention to a carriage equipped with a towbar.

Figure 5 shows the coupling of a locomotive equipped with a device according to the invention to a carriage equipped with a towbar and the tightening of the coupling.

Figure 6 shows another preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.

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The invention is described herein when placed on a locomotive equipped with an automatic changeover clutch, but the invention can be used on all wagons and locomotives, regardless of the type of clutch fitted to them, provided, however, that it is possible to install side buffers.

The buffer according to the invention in Figure 1 consists of a normal buffer with a completely normal buffer body part 3 and an elastic element 9 inside it, which can be any known elastic element of the buffer. The bushing is attached from its frame 3 to the locomotive buffer plate 8.

However, the buffer 10 according to the invention is structurally separated from a normal buffer by a buffer pressure plate 1 which presses on the carriage buffers, as it is not fixed to the piston part 2 of the buffer but forms a cylinder piston 2. . Compressed air is supplied to the space between the piston 2 and the cylinder 1 via a hose 10 from the compressed air network of the locomotive 15. When using a buffer plate the size of a normal locomotive buffer, the effective force in the cylinder 1 is 100 -120 kN / buffer.

Figure 3 shows the bushing in more detail. The cylinder 1 is sealed relative to the piston 2, e.g. by a lip seal 6, and the Teflon slip rings 7 control the movement of the cylinder. A guide piece 4 can also be connected to the piston 2, which controls the movement of the 20 cylinders 1. Longitudinal movement is limited by the locking ring 5.

Figures 4 and 5 show the operating principle of the buffer. When the locomotive 11 is connected to the carriage 12, the locomotive 11 is driven onto the carriage 12 and the switch 13 is connected. At this point, the buffer 14 is in the position shown in Fig. 1 and is not pressurized. When the clutch 13 is engaged, a pressure 25 is released into the buffer 14, Fig. 5, whereby the cylinder 1 moves outwards and tightens the distance between the locomotive and the carriage. If it is desired to disengage the clutch 13, the pressure between the cylinder 1 and the piston 2 is released, the locomotive 11 is pushed towards the carriage 12 and the coupling is opened normally. Cylinder 1 remains corresponding to piston 2.

If necessary, the cylinder 1 can be provided, for example, with springs so that the cylinder 1 30 is automatically returned, or a vacuum can be used, for example, for the recovery.

If, during the run, the pressures escape from the buffering, e.g. after the hose has broken, the cylinder 1 will then also remain in contact with the piston 2, in which case the buffer will not lose its flexibility, but will act like a normal buffer.

A preferred embodiment of the buffer had been described above. Another possible embodiment is to place the pressure cylinder inside the body of the buffer, which, however, reduces the force, since the cylinder hardly has the same surface area. Such a solution is shown in Figure 6. In addition, any compressed gas or liquid can be used as a force-transmitting element in the pressure cylinder.

4,8471 2

The buffer structure according to the invention can, of course, also be used elsewhere than on railways, if, for example, it is desired to make the tightening of two interconnected objects fixed in a manner similar to that in the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A buffer device (1 - 7, 9) intended primarily for railway equipment having a body part (3), a spring element (9) and a pressure plate (1), characterized in that the buffer device is a compressed air or hydraulic cylinder. , with which the length of the buffer can be changed and the coupling can be tightened. Buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a piston part (2) provided with a spring element (9) on which the cylinder made of the printing plate can move, the piston part (2) and the printing plate (1) forming a pressure cylinder which clutch. Buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part (3) of the buffer body is a cylinder and the sleeve of the spring element (9) with its printing plate constitutes a piston moving inside the cylinder.