FI81652B - Surface-coated rock chamber or tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rock chamber or a tunnel. The inner surface 11 of the wall construction of the rock chamber is made of an impermeable coating of reinforcing plastic, and, between the blasted rock wall and the inner surface 11, there is a concrete layer, advantageously a sprayed concrete layer which is very water-permeable and functions as a conducting layer for ground water. The layer 11 of reinforcing plastic has parts 17, 18 which project to the concrete layer and consist of loop-shaped parts drawn out from the reinforcing-plastic support material.

Description

81 6S2 1 Coated rock reservoir or tunnel Ytbelagd bergsbehallare eller tunnel 5

The invention relates to a rock reservoir or tunnel, the inner surface of the wall structure of which is a dense reinforced plastic coating, and between the excavated rock surface and the inner surface there is a concrete layer, preferably a water permeable aerated concrete layer acting as a groundwater conductive layer.

Caves excavated in the rock are known to be used to store various liquids and gases without coating. In these cases, the products to be stored are immiscible in water and lighter in water. The stability of liquids 15 and gases in storage is based on the higher water pressure surrounding the rock cave than the product to be stored has. However, this causes groundwater to flow into the storage. On the other hand, if the storage pressure of the liquid or gas to be stored is high, the caves have to be buried unreasonably deep, which causes high costs. In cases where water is not allowed to come into contact with the product to be stored, it is necessary to coat the walls of the warehouse.

With regard to the prior art, reference is made to European Patent Application No. 79101881.5 (Publication No. 0007413), in which there is a first concrete layer against the excavated rock surface 25 and a second concrete layer against the inner surface of the wall structure. Between these concrete layers there is a protective layer as well as a tight film. The disadvantage of such a wall structure is that anchoring cannot be performed through the membrane. In addition, leakage water accumulates between the first bentonite layer and the membrane.

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British Patent 1,574,367 discloses a wall structure for a rock reservoir with a coating on the inner surface. The wall structure is formed of structural concrete elements to which a steel coating is cast. The solution requires that there be an empty space for leakage water between the element and the excavated rock surface 35. The disadvantage of this known wall structure is that the structure is very expensive. The resistance to high internal pressure requires the use of a thick steel plate, which increases the cost of the wall structure. A further disadvantage is the susceptibility to corrosion grooves because the anchoring members have been passed through the empty space.

It is known to coat a rock wall with shotcrete and to seal such a coating with plastic coatings. However, an obstacle to the successful use of known methods has been that groundwater penetrates through the shotcrete cladding and prevents the coating from sticking and detaching the coating during use. Efforts have been made to eliminate this by means of drains built behind the shotcrete cladding, which are intended to lead to harmful leakage water into the sewer. Since the water only moves in the cracks of the rock and the cracks are often quite dense, so many drains would be needed that the concrete cladding would not have the necessary attachment to the rock.

FI patent 69 503 discloses a rock reservoir or tunnel in which between the excavated rock surface and the reinforced waterproof rolled concrete layer there is a water-permeable spray-concrete layer acting as a groundwater conductive layer.

The solution according to FI patent 69 503 is primarily aimed at eliminating the disadvantages caused by groundwater and thus enabling the application of a dense coating and its stability in its substrate. On the other hand, the solution makes it possible to level the uneven rock surface after excavation, so that it is possible to make thick reinforced plastics.

However, the skull contents or tunnel according to F1 patent 69,503 have some drawbacks. The reinforced plastic layer on the inner surface adheres to the concrete layer in the best possible way. Loads due to thermal movements stress the reinforced plastic layer, whereby cracks or deformations that may occur in the concrete layer cause the reinforced plastic to tend to follow deformations, thereby risking breakage of the inner surface.

The object of the invention is to provide an improvement to a rock reservoir or tunnel according to FI patent 69,503.

3,81652 1 The objects of the invention are achieved by a rock reservoir or tunnel, which is mainly characterized in that the protruding parts are loop-like parts pulled out of the reinforcing plastic backing fabric.

The solution according to the invention achieves considerable advantages compared to the solution according to FI patent 69,503. The reinforced plastic layer according to the invention acts as a mold for the background concrete. The parts protruding from the reinforced plastic layer allow adhesion to the concrete. As they stretch, they allow the reinforcement to deform over a wider area as cracks 10 appear in the rock and concrete layer. The protruding portions of the reinforced plastic layer may be any material woven into the backing fabric of the reinforced plastic. The material can thus be, for example, steel, nylon, plastic, carbon fiber or the like. The parts projecting from the reinforced plastic layer may be loops or loops of different shapes or protruding parts in some other way. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the protruding parts are loops pulled out of the tissue.

The reinforced plastic layer according to the invention is produced by conventional lamination and the loop-like protruding parts are brushed upright before co-curing. The loop-like or loop-like protrusions may be in the longitudinal or transverse direction of the reinforcing plastic sheet, or in both directions, with the loops being crossed. The plastic material of the reinforced plastic layer may be polyester, epoxy, thermoplastic or the like.

Between the reinforced plastic layer according to the invention and the concrete layer, there may be a layer which prevents adhesion to the concrete. In this case, the reinforcing plastic does not tend to follow any cracks that may occur in the concrete, or the deformation is distributed over a wider area and several loop-like or loop-like protruding parts. In the rock tank or tunnel 30 of the invention, the concrete layer may be any concrete, but in the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the concrete layer is preferably shotcrete, which is lightweight and adheres well and does not pour. Such concrete also causes very low mold pressure.

The rock reservoir or tunnel according to the invention is constructed as follows. The reinforcing plastic acts as a mold for the concrete and the reinforcing plastic is supported, for example, by a suitable 4 81652 1 demountable or movable lattice structure. Concrete »preferably rolled concrete is sprayed between the rock and the reinforced plastic sheet. The reinforcing plastic sheets forming the inner surface are connected to each other simply by riveting. In this case, the joint is easy to cover with laminating.

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Applications of the invention are any container structures with a layer of reinforced plastic according to the invention in which concrete has been cast. A preferred embodiment of the invention is an underground tank for natural gas, in which the gas is at a temperature of -AO0 to -70 ° C and a pressure of 150 bar. In this case, the compressibility of size-10 is very high. The tank structure according to the invention is generally suitable for all tank structures in which the gas tightness must also be kept cold.

Applications of the invention include pressurized natural gas storage facilities, jet fuel storage facilities, other oil and gas storage facilities, grain silos and storage facilities for various toxic substances, as well as pressure vessels.

The invention will be explained in detail with reference to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the figures of the accompanying drawing, to which, however, the invention is not intended to be exclusively limited.

Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a preferred embodiment of a container according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows the detail A of Fig. 1 in an axonometric view on a larger scale.

In the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2, the skull container or tunnel is generally indicated by the reference number 10. The inner surface 11 of the container 10 has a layer of reinforced plastic. The excavated bedrock surface is indicated in Figure 1 by reference numeral 14. Between the inner surface 11 and the excavated rock surface 14 there is a concrete layer 12, which is preferably shotcrete. The drainage pipes in the concrete layer 12 are marked with the reference number 13.

As can be seen from Figure 2, the reinforced plastic layer has loop-like or loop-like portions 17 and / or 18. The loop-like or loop-like protruding portions 17 and 18 are preferably loops or loops pulled out of the bulk fabric of the reinforced plastic. The loops 17 are in the longitudinal direction of the reinforced plastic sheet and the loops 18 are in the transverse direction of the reinforced plastic sheet 11, respectively. The most preferred embodiment is, of course, one with protruding portions 17 and 18 in both the longitudinal and polyclonal directions.

There may be a layer 19 between the reinforced plastic layer 11 and the concrete layer 12, which prevents adhesion to the concrete layer 12, whereby the adhesion to the concrete 10 takes place only through the loops 17 and / or 18.

The reinforced plastic sheets 11 are preferably joined together by riveting, as shown in Fig. 1. Such a leveling point is indicated in Figure 1 by reference numeral 16. In this way, the reinforced plastic sheets 15 11 according to the invention form a sealed inner surface 11 of a rock reservoir or tunnel 10. The bottom of a rock reservoir or tunnel 10 can be completely similar in structure to a wall. In Figure 1, reference numeral 15 denotes rock bolts by means of which the rock reservoir or tunnel 10 is anchored to the rock as is known per se.

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Only preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, and it will be clear to a person skilled in the art that numerous modifications can be made to them within the scope of the inventive idea set out in the appended claims.

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Claims (6)

6 81652 A rock reservoir or tunnel (10), the inner surface (11) of the wall structure of which is a dense reinforced plastic coating, and between the excavated rock surface (14) and the inner surface (11) there is a concrete layer, preferably a water permeable shotcrete layer (12) acting as a groundwater conductive layer. , and the reinforced plastic layer (11) has parts (17, 18) projecting into the concrete layer (12), characterized in that the projecting parts (17, 18) are loop-like parts pulled out of the reinforcing plastic backing fabric. 10 1 Claims Rock container according to Claim 1, characterized in that the loop-like parts (17) are in the longitudinal direction of the reinforced plastic plate (11). Rock tank according to Claim 1, characterized in that the loop-like parts (18) are in the transverse direction of the reinforced plastic plate (11). Rock reservoir according to Claim 1, characterized in that the loop-like parts (17, 18) are crosswise. 20 Rock tank according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there is a layer (19) between the reinforced plastic layer (11) and the concrete layer (12) which prevents adhesion to the concrete layer (12), whereby adhesion to concrete takes place only in loop-like parts (17). , 18) through 25. Rock reservoir according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that drainage pipes (13) known per se are arranged in the highly water-permeable shotcrete layer (12). 30 35 7 81652