FI75929C - Apparatus for indicating slope of an upright structure such as a lifting crane - Google Patents

Description

75929

DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE TILT OF A VERTICAL STRUCTURE SUCH AS A CRANE - ANORDNING FOR THE ANGLE OF A CRANE HOS EN UPPRÄTT CONSTRUCTION SÄSOM EN LYFTKRAN

The present invention relates to a device for detecting the tilt of a vertical structure, such as a crane, which device has at least one tilt-responsive member.

In cranes and other structures and machines which are exposed to the effects of natural forces or which are subjected to different loads, it is necessary to use a tilting device to assess the magnitude of the tilt and to predict critical situations. Very simple instruments are now used to measure the tilt. -wire, the bullet at the lower end of which depends on the height of the ring surrounding the wire, indicating the inclination of the structure, or a circular spirit level in the position of which the inclination is legible.

These known solutions are difficult to use because they need to be monitored separately in order to make use of the information they provide. Even in dangerous situations, for example, the crane operator does not receive information about excessive tilting other than by looking at the tilting body. In addition, such members are often installed at the base of the structure due to installation and other considerations, whereby it is even impossible to detect a sudden danger situation, e.g. in the crane cab, without vigilant observers at the bottom. Tilt detectors based on the utilization of electronics are also known, which are also based on liquid surface monitoring. However, the monitoring of liquid interfaces, especially in two dimensions, is always very difficult to obtain completely reliable, and in particular the monitoring of bubbles is hampered by their varying size and shape with temperature changes and the difficulty of arranging the two-dimensional monitoring required.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and reliable device for detecting a tilt which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages. The device according to the invention, in which the device has at least one tilt-responsive member, is thus mainly characterized in that the tilt-responsive member consists of a closed container containing a liquid, on the upper end of which a liquid-free wire is suspended, to which a plate-like or cylindrical body is attached. the position is arranged to be monitored from above or below the tank by a light source directed through its at least partially transparent end by measuring the beam from the body reflected by the detector electronics to indicate sound / light or other similar signaling device due to tilting of the structure or has reached a certain preset limit.

The advantage of the device according to the invention is, firstly, that the user does not have to monitor something, e.g. an element which is irrelevant to the normal operation of the crane, in order to determine the safety of the crane, In this case, the employee can focus more on the work himself, and there is no room for misunderstandings due to differences in interpretation. This type of sensor also has the advantage of simplicity, as exceeding the decision threshold is easily detectable according to the "on-off" principle with the control electronics. Finally, the device is absolutely reliable because the expression is caused by a solid body and not by a liquid surface. The device works helpfully even if for some reason there is a leak in the liquid tank and the liquid, which mainly acted as a damper, has drained out.

An integrated component with a light emitting diode and a photosensitive transistor can advantageously be used to monitor the tilt sensor.

3 75929

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a tilt detector device according to the invention in a perspective view and provided with a circular vial according to the prior art as an additional detector,

Fig. 2 shows a tilt-responsive member according to the invention,

Fig. 3 shows an example of the detector electronics used in connection with the member according to Fig. 2.

Figure 1 shows by way of example a device according to the invention to be mounted on a crane, which externally consists of a housing 1, hinges 2 and mounting lugs 3 for testing and installation, a vial 4 known per se and an alarm buzzer 5, a power supply line 6 and an alarm control line 7. in the bell 4, the scale rings 8 and the gas bubble 9 can still be distinguished.

The spirit level can further be used in the device according to the invention for its inspection and installation. The alarm buzzer 5 sounds when the crane deviates from the vertical direction, for example 3 ° in any direction. The alarm can be equipped with a relay or an electronic switch, which controls the necessary functions by means of line 7 in the event of a dangerous tilt. The alarm can be suitably supplied directly from the crane's 24 V power system via line 6, whereby the alarm is always switched on when the elevator is used.

Figure 2 shows one of the tilt-sensitive members according to the invention, consisting of a closed container 10 containing a liquid, on the upper end of which a wire 11 oscillating freely in the liquid is suspended. The liquid here acts as a trainer, soothing the movements of the wire 11. Attached to the end of the wire 11 as both a weight and a detection member is a plate-like or cylindrical body 12, the cross-section of which is most preferably a circle, because then a circular detection / alarm limit is obtained. According to the figure, light emitted by a light source 14 directed through the transparent base 13 to the lower surface of the body 12 hanging in the wire 11, the reflection of which from the body 12 can be detected by a light-sensitive sensor 15 and by detecting electronics.

As the crane tilts, the wire remains, of course, still vertical to the ground due to gravity. Instead, the tank 10 and the light source / detector assembly placed below it tilt with the crane. If the tilt of the crane exceeds the critical limit, the body 12 is displaced relative to the light source in the container 10 so that the light beam passes the body. In this case, no reflection can be obtained, which situation change can be easily detected by the detector 15. The detector electronics then operate according to the situation by switching on the buzzer or some other warning device and possibly also activating other emergency devices. The light source 14 and the detector 15 may advantageously consist of an integral prefabricated component 17, in which the light source is an infrared diode and the receiver (detector) is a phototransistor.

The principle of Figure 2 can also be used according to the invention in that light from a light source suspended in a wire 11 is directed through a transparent cover 16, the intensity variation (shadow of which caused by the body 12) at the other end of the container 10 being detectable by a photosensitive sensor .

Figure 3 shows an example of the detector electronics used in connection with the member of Figure 2. When the reflecting surface of the pendulum 12 is in the path of the beam, the reflection on the transistor T1 is strong and the potential of point A is lower than the potential of point B of 75929. As the alarm tilts, the pendulum moves away from the beam, significantly reducing the reflection, and the level of point A rises above the level of point B. In this case, the operational amplifier 19 gives control to the transistor T2, after which the buzzer 5 sounds and the relay 18 (other alarm for the hardware) changes state. Capacitor C eliminates the effects of mechanical vibrations in the switching phase.

Simple operational amplifier connections are familiar to a person skilled in the art and can be found as ready-made model connections in electrical textbooks. When the potential of the detector exceeds the threshold value, a signal is obtained, which, if amplified, activates the alarm devices. The threshold value can be easily set with a control resistor so that the alarm is given when the inclination is e.g. 3 °.

It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the various embodiments of the invention are not limited only to the example given above, but may vary within the scope of the claims set out below.

Claims (2)

75929 An apparatus for detecting the tilt of a vertical structure, such as a crane, comprising at least one tilt-responsive member (12, 20), characterized in that the tilt-responsive member consists of a closed container (10) containing a liquid-free wire (11). ) to which a plate-shaped or cylindrical body (12) is attached, the position of which is arranged to be monitored from above or below the container by a light source (14) directed through its at least partially transparent end (13 or 17) by measuring a beam from the body. (15), to which the detector electronics are connected to indicate by sound / light or other similar signaling device (5) because the tilt of the structure is approaching and / or has reached a certain preset limit. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that an integral component (16) with a light-emitting diode (D1) and a photosensitive transistor (T1) is used for monitoring the tilt-responsive element.