FI74258C - Pressurized container. - Google Patents

Description

1 74258

pressure tank

The invention relates to a pressure vessel comprising a container part and a lid separate from it, which are detachably superimposed on the detachable and interlockable in overlapping edge zones, by means of movable locking pieces. .

A pressure vessel according to the above is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,219,228. This structure has a lu-15 kit in which one edge zone is welded together with the vessel while the other edge zone is integrated into the lid. Both edge zones are thick-walled and have radial flanges. In addition, the rotatable ring includes a built-in cover. This ring interlocks between the container lid 20 and the edge zone and compresses the locking balls, which are mounted in a separate hood, outwards so that they protrude into the annular groove in the outer edge zone of the container. However, the ring device inside the edge zone requires a radial expansion of the outer edge zone 25 and additional sealing of the inner edge zone.

In the case of large pressure vessels, there is, for example, a structural problem such that the radial extensions exceed the rail and road profiles, making it impossible to transport the lid or the container part as a whole. Furthermore, the edge zones can then elastically change their shape when these, as separate ring elements, are taken to the installation site and only assembled there. Relatively thick stresses are also generated in the relatively thick edge zones when the pressure vessel is subjected to thermal loads.

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The object of the invention is therefore to make the edge zones of the lid and the container as narrow as possible, which exceed the maximum diameter of the container as little as possible. In addition, closing and opening the container should be as simple and quick as possible.

The object is solved according to the invention, and the invention is characterized in that the locking pieces are mounted in radial recesses of the outer edge zones, that the inner edge zones 10 have recesses or grooves for fixing the locking pieces and and unlocking the locking pieces from the recesses 15 in the inner edge zone.

Due to the omission of the radial flanges and the external, separate setting ring, the maximum diameter of the pressure vessel can be significantly reduced. In addition, the edge zones of the lid and the container part remain quite 20 in relation to the diameter. Therefore, before they are welded to other parts of the tank, without higher stresses, they can be elastically shaped into an elliptical shape, suitable for rail and road profiles for transport. Heat equalization still occurs in the thin edge zones at a fast-25 ti, so the stresses remain within the allowable limits. By simply raising and lowering the setting ring, all locking pieces can be opened and locked simultaneously with one stroke.

A very advantageous design of the pressure vessel, which enables the container to be closed and opened quickly, is obtained by locking the lid and the actual container part together with a ball lock. The balls, which move in the radial recesses, are then pressed into the support grooves by means of the conical surface of the setting ring. Another advantageous structure, which facilitates the opening of a container which has been closed for a long time, since the locking parts then often have to be opened by force, is obtained by making the locking parts as torsion latches which are pivotable at the outer edge and engage over the outer edge by an outward projection. into the recess of the setting ring 5 moving in the axial direction of the container. According to this structure, the container is tightly closed by wedging the outer edge against the inner edge by means of closing or locking pieces, when the bearing surfaces of the outer edge and the torsion latch support surfaces entering the grooves of the inner edge are made as a torus surface. the centers of the radii of curvature are positioned so that when the torsion latches are turned towards the inner edge, a gap of a certain size is created or it closes.

In the case of vertical pressure vessels in which the container part 15 and the lid are separated from one another in a horizontal plane, it is furthermore advantageous to use a setting ring for ball locking, since it presses the balls into the support groove with its weight. In this case, it is structurally advantageous for the conical tightening surface of the setting ring to taper upwards. Opening and closing the containers 20 is further facilitated by the arrangement of the lifting means on the setting ring and / or by the shoulder at its lower end which, when the setting ring is raised, contacts the lower edge of the edge of the lid.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a pressure vessel enclosed around a high pressure boiler, Fig. 2 shows for tightening, Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate two other structural examples, respectively, and Fig. 6 is a section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 5.

Figure 1 shows a high-pressure boiler 1 provided with a conventional flange lock 2. Around the boiler 1 is a pressure vessel 3 with a vessel part 4 and a lid 5. The vessel part 4 consists of an on-site welded assembly according to the manufacturing method, the edge part welded on site 7.

The cover 5 likewise comprises a ball segment 10, i.e. a dome, welded at the installation site, to which a factory-made cover edge 11 is also welded at the installation site.

The open end of the edge zone 7 of the container part 4 has a stronger edge 12 (Fig. 2), outside which there is a support groove 15. Two shoulders 16 and 17 are made in the front surface of the edge 12, each with a flexible annular seal 18, 19.

The edge zone 11 of the cover 5 also terminates in a thicker part 20. It is fork-shaped at its free end and has a downwardly extended branch 22 on the outside and a short branch 23 on the inside, which are separated from each other by a slightly conical rear part 24.

The upper part of the edge 12 of the container part 4 joins the rear part 24 when the container has been assembled. The inner leg 23 and the upper part of the edge 12 have adjacent conical surfaces with a small gap between them or in contact with each other.

For example, one hundred radial holes 25 are made in the circumference of the branch 22, the axes of which are in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the container. The holes 30 are made slightly conical on the outside, while they are slightly spherical on the inside, so that their smallest diameter is smaller than the diameter of the balls 31 and there is always one ball in each hole 30.

Around each of the reinforced edges 12 and 20 there is a setting or tightening ring 33. At its upper edge there are loops 34 to which the hooks 35 of the lifting device (not shown) can be attached. The setting ring 33 has a trapezoidal annular groove 40 with a conical surface 41 at its upper end. The lower end 74258 of the ring 33 has a shoulder 43 / having an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the extended leg 22.

The setting ring 33 may be separated at one or more points (Fig. 3) by radial cutting and provided with a clamping sleeve 50 through which a screw bolt 56 having a cover 57 is tangential to the setting ring, which is tightened by a long nut 58 having an internal hexagon socket. Gear spacers 60 of different strengths can be placed on the dividing surface between the parts of the setting ring 33.

The assembly of the pressure tank takes place as follows: The parts of the tank body 6 and the ball segment (cap) 10 are delivered to the construction site and welded together there. The edge zone 7 and the edge 11 of the cover are pre-treated 15 at the factory and delivered to the installation site elastically compressed. There, they are returned at least approximately circular by means of radial supports (not shown) and welded to the already finished container body 6 and the ball segment 10.

The setting ring 33 is transported to the installation site either in one piece or in parts and tightened there by means of parts 50, 56 and 58 to the desired circumference. The ring 33 is then placed on an approximately horizontal base and the cover 5 is attached to it so that the lower sheath lines 25 of the holes 30 are only slightly below the upper edge of the ring 33. In this position, the balls 31, which depending on their size are e.g. 100 pieces, are placed in the holes 30 from the outside. The cover 5 is now lowered so far that it comes over the shoulder 43. In the meantime, the actual tank part 30 has been completed and the seals 18, 19 have been put in place.

With the above-mentioned lifting device attached to the loops 34, the setting ring 33 and with it the lid 5 are raised, moved above the container 4 and lowered thereon, whereby the lid and one conical surface 44 of its edge 20 35 come in the middle of the edge 12.

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When the cover 5 is lowered even further, it rests on the seals 18, 19 and possibly forms them elastically or plastically. The inner leg 23 is slightly detached from the edge 12 or just inside it. When the Kiris-5 ring 33 is lowered further downwards, the Ola-ke 4 3 coming apart from the lower surface of the elongated branch 22, the upper conical side surface of the groove 40 pushes the balls 31 in the recess 30 radially inwards. Finally, they are pressed against the bottom of the support groove 10 15 by means of a conical surface 41 abutting the groove 40. In this case, stop parts (not shown) can be used, which prevent the tension ring 33 from lowering further downwards when the lifting device and the hooks 35 are detached from the loops 34.

The container is opened by re-inserting the lifting device 15 comprising the hooks 35 into the loops 34 and lifting the setting ring 33 so far that the shoulder 43 almost touches the lower edge of the extended arm 22. When the edge 20 is lightly struck, the friction of the balls 31 can be overcome if they do not automatically roll outwards into the conical recesses 30, or by lifting the setting ring 33, the cover 5 can be raised to push the balls forward.

In order to make the gap between the conical surface 41 and the groove 15 suitable, one or more spacers 25 of the setting ring 33 can be replaced by other spacers 60 of different strengths.

Of course, it is also possible to arrange the balls 31 in two or more planes parallel to the dividing plane, whereby the recesses 30 are arranged in a row on the circumference. They are not happy to be moved against each other. Each recess plane 30 is then associated with a circumferential segment-shaped support groove 15 at the edge 12 and a trapezoidal groove 40 in the setting ring 33.

In order for the balls 31 to be caused by the so-called. The Hertz compression is kept low at the edge 12, instead of the grooves 15, separate spherical segment-shaped milled grooves 74258 on the same axis as the recesses 30 can also be used. In this case, it is advantageous / that the position of the lid 5 relative to the container part 4 is determined in the circumferential direction, for example by at least one wedge leading to the circumference of the elongate branch 22 arranged on the circumference of the edge 12. However, this is not shown in the figures.

If the forces resulting from the closing of the lid 5 and the container part 4 become very large, the balls can no longer be used as closing parts, but it is advantageous to use closing parts with at least approximately cylindrical support surfaces, which makes them larger. The closing or locking parts are locked by tilting or turning.

In the first embodiment shown in Figure 4, the closure parts 70 are therefore made in the form of sheets, which are preferably made by sawing them from a rod 15 having the respective profile. This profile has a cylindrical end 71 with a center M and a radius R, and a latch 72 with a cylindrical support surface 73 (radius R), the center Z of which is outside the center M with respect to the axis of the container (not shown). The end 71 extends outwardly from a protrusion or lever 75, 20 having at its free end upper and lower cylinder surfaces 76 and 77 abutting two planar surfaces 76 'and 77' of the rectangular groove 78 of the setting ring 79.

The outer edge 80 is provided with groove recesses 81 in the locking parts 70, which are finished after the milling operation, for example by means of electrical erosion. The inner edge 82 has an annular groove 83 defined by a conical surface 84 and a tubular surface 85, the profile of the tubular surface 85 having approximately a radius R with a center Z. The locking portions 70 can be pivoted about a point M In this case, due to the relative position of the centers M and Z, a gap is created between the toroidal surface 83 of the groove 83 and the opposite support surface in the ring 72 when the locking parts are turned outwards, which closes when the locking parts are turned inwards, latching 72 the edges 80 and 82 5 and the mutual tightening of the vessel 4.

74258 When the torsion latch 72 is mounted on the outer edge 80, the concave and convex bearing parts can naturally be placed in the opposite direction, i.e. the lower limit of the recesses 81 can also be made as a cylindrical end, whereby a concave support surface is provided in the latches 72.

In the structural example according to Figures 5 and 6, even higher forces can be transmitted. In this case, the inner edge 82 also has a substantially triangular annular groove 83 with one conical and one tubular surface 84, 85, as already described in connection with Fig. 4. An annular groove is made inside the outer edge 80, the lower front surface 87 of which is made according to the torus surface as a support surface. The outer edge 80 then has radially extending longitudinal grooves 88 from the outside, by means of which the outer radial boundary of the annular groove 86 is cut.

The alignment ring 79 has a substantially trapezoidal annular groove 89. The locking portions 70 consist of slightly curved latch portions 90 having two convex tubular surfaces 73 'and 73 "in radial section. Each pivot latch 90 is welded as a lever rib-like abutment portion 91 with two cams 93 and 94 .

With the locking member in the locking position inside the latch 90, the concave side surface (Fig. 6) is on the conical surface 84 of the annular groove 83 of the inner edge 82. In this position of the locking part 70, the cam 93 of the rib 91 also contacts the cylindrical inner wall of the setting ring 79, while the cam 94 of the rib 91 extends freely into the annular groove 89.

When the setting ring 79 is lifted, the support members 70 remain in the position shown in the figure relative to the outer edge 80 and the inner edge 82 until the cam 93 is at the groove 89. Thereafter, the cam 94 contacts the lower conical surface of the groove 89, and the locking portion 70 pivots counterclockwise in the support portion 87, whereby the pivot latch 90 releases the inner edge 82.

This structure is very advantageous when the latch is approximately 35 in the circumferential direction, i.e. in the circumferential direction, equal to the division of the grooves 88, so that the tubular surface of the ring groove 83 is as much as possible over the latches 90 at the inner edge. Achieving this goal can be further facilitated by making the support surfaces of the latches 90 as similarly steep torus surfaces 73 '. The desired shape is easily obtained from the manufacturing technique by manufacturing the latches 90 by a precision casting method.

In the example shown, the locking members 70 are mounted from the inside with the outer edge 80 and the setting ring 79 approximately in the position shown in Figure 5, but separate from the inner edge 82. When the setting ring 79 is now lifted up relative to the outer edge 80, the locking parts 70 tilt outwards. the latches pivot back into the ring groove 86 of the outer edge 80. By means of the lifting device, the setting ring 79 and the cover are now moved over the edge 82. By lifting the ring 79 relative to the edge 1580, the pivot latches 90 can be pivoted inwardly into the support groove 83 of the inner edge 82 by guiding the cams 93 at the upper limit of the groove 89, thereby tightening the lid 5 and the container portion 4 as the gap between the surfaces 73 'and 85 closes. 20 repeatedly.

Claims (7)

A pressure vessel comprising a vessel part (4) and a separate cover (5) which are detachably arranged on each other and mutually readable in mutually overlapping edge zones (7, 11) by means of movable reading pieces (31, 70). ), wherein a shaft ring (33) movable in the axial direction of the container (1) connects the reading pieces (31, 70) stored in one edge zone to the other edge zone, characterized in that the reading pieces (31, 70) are stored. those in radial recesses (30, 81, 86) in the outer edge zones (20, 80), that the inner edge zones (12, 82) have recesses or latches (15, 83) for securing the reading pieces (31, 70), and that the adjusting ring (33) comprises an outer edge zone (20, 80) and laser and opens with the axial direction the reading pieces (31, 70) from the control in the recesses (15, 83) in the inner edge zone (12). , 82). 2. A pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid (5) and the vessel part 20 (4) are reciprocated by ball reading, in which the balls (31) moving in the radial recesses (30) are read into the groove. (15) by means of a conical surface (41) on the adjusting ring (33). 3. A pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the reading members are reversing rods (72, 90), which are pivotally mounted in the outer edge zone (80) and which engage a depression (78, 89) in a recess. in the direction of the container shaft, the moving ring (79) moves by means of a protrusion (75, 91) which extends leaking over the edge zone (80). 4. Pressurized container according to claim 3, characterized in that the bearing surfaces (96, 87) in the outer edge zone (80) and the supporting surfaces (85) in the turning bars (72, 90), which support surfaces engage the latch (83) in the inner edge zone (82), are all designed as a torus surface area, and that the centers (M and Z) of the radii of curvature I.