FI74052B - FOERFARANDE FOER FOERBAETTRANDE OCH BEVARANDE AV EGENSKAPERNA HOS EN CELLULOSAMASSA. - Google Patents

Description

74052

The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of lignocellulosic pulp fibers in either softwood or hardwood to produce pulps with improved properties. In particular, this invention relates to the treatment of mechanical pulps and high chemical pulps to improve and maintain the properties of these pulps.

Newsprint has traditionally been made from a raw material consisting of a mixture of mechanical pulp and chemical pulp. Mechanical pulp is used because it gives the raw material certain desirable properties: its high light scattering coefficient contributes to the opacity of the paper and allows the use of a thinner sheet and its high oil absorption to absorb the ink during printing.

Chemical pulps are used because they give the raw material properties that improve its runnability. Runnability refers to the properties that allow a wet web to be transported at high speed through the forming, pressing and drying sections of a paper machine and the dried paper sheet to be rolled and printed in an acceptable manner. Runnability contributes to the efficiency of the paper machine and the press.

The improved runnability of the chemical pulp is believed to be due to the wet web strength and the degree of dewatering.

Wet and dry stretching are important because they are believed to help prevent stress concentrations around the paper defects, leaving small breaks. High dewatering rates reduce the water content and are likely to result in a less brittle web.

2 74052

Mechanical pulps, including grinding (SG) and pressure grinding (PSG), can be made to provide wet elongation, but only at the expense of poor dewatering. Better quality mechanical pulps are obtained by preparing them in open-discharge mills to give grinds (RMP) and pressure heat grinders (TMP). Even better quality mechanical pulps are obtained by chemical pretreatment of wood chips before grinding to produce a chemimechanical pulp (CMP or CTMP).

U.S. Patent 3,446,699 discloses a process for making mechanical and chemomechanical or semi-chemical pulps from a lignocellulosic material to provide, as expected, improved fiber quality with improved fiberization.

U.S. Patent 3,558,428 discloses a process for making chemimechanical pulps which comprises heating and fiberizing them in a steam atmosphere at elevated temperatures and pressures of impregnated chips to provide even faster and more efficient impregnation.

U.S. Patent 4,116,758 discloses a process for preparing chemimechanical high yield pulps from wood-containing ligno-cellulosic material by treating a mixture of sulfite and bisulfite with an aqueous solution to obtain a pulp that can be easily defibered by conventional mechanical means to produce pulps with excellent strength properties.

The problems of today’s papermaker are dwindling forest resources, the growing need for paper products, and strict environmental laws. Chemical low-yield pulps, such as sulfite and kraft pulps, greatly increase these problems.

The fibers of low chemical yield pulps are known for their desired dry and wet web strength properties. Findings from low chemical man-made fibers form I.

3,74052 sheets of paper show that these tend to curl and warp, which is said to have a beneficial effect on the runnability and certain physical properties of the paper machine. Mechanical pulps lack the desired strength properties to be able to completely or partially replace low chemical pulps, e.g. kraft or sulphite pulps in liner, newsprint and printing paper grades and coated paper. Efforts have therefore been made in the art to improve the physical properties of high mechanical and chemical pulps so that such improved pulps could be used to replace low chemical pulps.

Numerous mechanical devices have been built to produce curled chemical and mechanical fibers to improve certain physical properties. Two such mechanical fiber winding devices are disclosed in U.S. Patents 2,516,384 and 3,054,532.

H. S. Hill et al., Tappi, Vol. 33, No. 1, p. 36-44, a device called a "Curlator" designed to produce curled fibers. In the process, the fibers were wrapped in bundles at a consistency of about 15-35%, followed by dispersion. Advantages included higher wet web elongation, better dewatering and higher tear strength and elongation of the finished product. These advantages were achieved at the expense of certain other properties, above all tensile strength.

W. B. West describes in Tappi, Voi. 47, No. 6, p. 313-317, high density plate milling to achieve the same operation.

D. H. Page in Pulp Paper Mag. Canada, Vol. 67, No. 1. p. T2-12, 1966, reported that curvature occurred at both the coarse and fine levels, which he called "micro-compressions." Both types of curvatures are preferred.

4 74052 J.H. de Grace and D.H. Page have reported in Tappi, Vol. 58, No. 7, p. 98-101, 1976, that curvature could advantageously be achieved during the bleaching of the pulps by the mechanical action of high-density pumps and mixers.

R. P. Kibblewithe and D. Brookes are in Appita, Vol. 28, No. 4, p. 227-231, 1975 argued that this advantageous curvature could be an advantage in terms of the practical runnability of paper machines.

Mechanical high-density fiberization of wood chips is known to produce warped, crumpled, and twisted fibers. The pulsating fibers are known to be particularly effective in developing elongation in wet webs if the pulses are secured in place so that they can withstand the action of pumps and mixers at low consistency and retain their pulsating and warped state in the formed sheet. This ensures an improvement in wet web elongation and certain other physical properties.

Several chemical treatment methods have been proposed which improve and maintain the curvature of the fiber in the ground pulp. In one of these, Canadian Patent 1,102,969, the improvement in tear strength of the pulp is believed to be due to the treatment of a lignocellulosic or lignin-depleted pulp / leached pulp in a chemical, semi-chemical or chemimechanical pulp process with at least one atmospheric pressure mass.

Canadian Patent 1,071,805 discloses a method of treating mechanical wood pulp by cooking the pulp with an aqueous sodium sulfite solution containing sufficient alkali to maintain the pH above about 3 during cooking. The cooking was performed at elevated temperature long enough to react with the pulp and to increase its dewatering and wet elongation, but not until the cooking solution was substantially dissolved in the pulp and the yield of the pulp was less than about 90%. The minimum content of sodium sulphite was 1% because below this content the improvements were said to be too small to support the cost of treatment.

During the papermaking process, most of the warping is lost in both the high consistency pulp and the high yield sulfite pulp in the subsequent low consistency and high temperature processing steps. This is also discussed in H.W.H. In an article by Jones in Pulp Paper Mag. Canada, Vol. 67, No. 6, p. T283-291, 1966. Jones showed that when mechanical pulp fibers that curl during high-density grinding are subjected to a weak mechanical effect in a dilute suspension at a temperature of about 70 ° C, the curvature tends to disappear. The higher tensile and puncture strength produced by the removal of warping was considered advantageous. Thus, warping is normally removed from such pulps in a paper machine, because in practical papermaking, the pulps are always subjected to a weak mechanical effect in a dilute suspension at temperatures of about 70 ° C.

High-yield and very high-yield sulfite pulps are used as reinforcing pulps in the manufacture of newsprint and other ground papers. Although they can be subjected to high-density grinding, their fibers are practically substantially straight because the curvature produced by high-density grinding disappears in subsequent processing.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for imparting and maintaining physical properties to such high mechanical and chemical pulps so that their runnability in a paper machine and the efficiency of the press are improved.

Another object of the invention is to provide a process for treating non-chemical high yield pulps to improve and maintain certain physical properties so that the pulp can be used to replace all or part of the chemical low yield pulps.

Yet another object of the invention is to stabilize, by non-chemical means, the curvature imparted to fibers of high-density, mechanically treated, mechanical and chemical high-yield pulps.

Mechanical pulps or high chemical pulps within the scope of this invention can be produced either by mechanical pulping of wood, e.g. in the production of groundwood (SG), pressed groundwood (PSG), grit (RMP) and hot milling (TMP) or by mechanical fiberization at high consistency followed by or preceded by chemical treatment of wood chips and pulps for very high yield sulphite pulps (UHYS, yields 100-85%), high yield sulphite pulps (HYS, yields 85-65%), chemical hot pulp (CTMP), chemimechanical high pulp pulp (CMP) and intermediate thermal pulp MPC) or hot milling (TMPC).

According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating already warped pulps comprising performing a heat treatment on the pulp at high consistency in the form of fiber knobs or mixed pulp, whereby the warping is made to withstand the following mechanical action.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating high yield or mechanical pulps already curled at high consistency by mechanical action, comprising subjecting the pulp to a heat treatment at a temperature of at least 100 ° C, the pulp having a high consistency of at least 15%. to withstand the following mechanical impact.

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According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for treating high yield or mechanical pulps already curved by high consistency, comprising heat treating the pulp at a temperature of 100-170 ° C for 60 minutes to 2 hours, the pulp having a high consistency of 15-35%. so that the curvature is made to withstand the next mechanical impact.

In its broadest context, the present invention encompasses a process that follows a mechanical action that has already curved fibers in either mechanical, very high yield, or high yield pulps. Such a mechanical effect usually occurs at a high consistency (15-35%), and may typically be high yield plate milling, such as is commonly used in pulping.

The process of this method thus consists of a simple heat treatment of the pulp in the presence of water, whereby the pulp is kept in the form of fiber knobs or a mixed pulp at a high consistency. The method may comprise temperatures above 100 ° C, in which case a pressure vessel is required.

Although the invention is not limited to any theory, the method is believed to put curvature in place by either stress reduction in the fiber or a crosslinking mechanism so that the fibers retain their curved shape in subsequent papermaking processing.

This curved shape is particularly advantageous in terms of wet web properties, so that the runnability of the paper machine is improved. In addition, the toughness of the finished product is improved.

Generally speaking, the process begins with a pulp converted to a warped shape by mechanical action at high consistency, in which process the fibers are kept warped in the form of fiber knobs or mixed pulp. The pulp can be either a purely mechanical pulp, e.g. ground grinding, pressure grinding, milling, hot milling, or a chemimechanical pulp, such as a very high yield sulphite pulp or a high yield sulphite pulp. The conversion to a warped state is, of course, accomplished by high-density grinding, which is normally used for milling, hot milling, and very high yield sulfite pulp. For pulp, pressure pulp, and high yield sulfite pulp, a step that curves the fibers would have to be added to the primary process. In this case, for example, a "Curlator" device or a high-density disc mill or a "Frota pulper" device can be used, U.S. Pat. No. 3,054,532).

The pulp fibers may be lignocellulosic fibers prepared by mechanical pulping or grinding or grinding of wood chips in a plate mill at high consistency or by mechanical defibering at high consistency or by mechanical defibering of wood chips at high consistency followed by chemical treatment. between successive grindings. Alternatively, the fibers may be pulp fibers commercially produced as milling, pressure milling and hot milling from either single-stage or two-stage milling, or commercially produced as very high-yield pulps, high-yield pulps, chemimechanical high-yield pulps, intermediate thermomechanical pulps and chemically , or they may be part of a raw material, eg ground effluents or whole masses for the production of mechanical pulp.

In the process, the curved pulp is taken at high consistency (e.g., 15-35%) in the form of fiber knobs or mixed pulp, and is subjected to a heat treatment without significant drying of the pulp. The temperature and duration of the heat treatment control the extent to which the curvature of the fibers is made permanent, and this can be adapted to the desired benefits.

This process can be performed as a batch process in a digester or as a continuous process through a high pressure evaporation tube.

I-9 74052

The method may also include the step of adding a bleaching agent during the heat treatment to improve the brightness while maintaining the improved pulp properties, or the sequential steps of performing bleaching and bleaching to improve the brightness of the pulps while maintaining the improved pulp properties. Alternatively, the process can in fact be carried out in bleached pulps, in which case sufficient brightness is maintained even after the heat treatment.

Nowhere in the prior art is there disclosed a method in which the curved fibers are subjected to a separate and sole heat treatment to achieve the desired changes in the properties of the wood pulp to be treated at high consistency and high temperatures.

An advantage of the process of the present invention in which the curvature of the fibers is made permanent in high yield pulps and mechanical pulps is the use of a pulp property control means to provide high wet web elongation, fracture work and higher dewatering rates. In addition to the wet web properties mentioned above, higher tear strength and elongation of the dry sheet are obtained for high yield pulps.

Thus, it has been found by this invention that when lignocellulosic pulp fibers which have already been warped are heat-treated (a) at consistencies of 10-35%, (b) at temperatures of 100-170 ° C using steam at pressures corresponding to 820 kPa, (c) For 2 to 60 minutes, the warping of the fibers settles permanently and the warping is made to withstand removal during the subsequent mechanical action applied to the fibers in papermaking. The method of the present invention improves dewatering, wet web elongation, wet web breaking work, and dry sheet tear strength and extensibility.

In one variation of the method, the pulp made curved in high-density grinding (20-35%) is taken, and the curvature (and possibly micro-compression) is made permanent by exposing the pulp at high consistency to an elevated temperature (e.g., 110-160 ° C) for a short time (e.g. - 1 hour). This permanent curvature withstands the removal effect of heat dissipation used in papermaking. The advantages of such a pulp are: 1. higher wet elongation, 2. higher tear strength and 3. better dewatering.

The method may be a batch process, i.e. the pulp is placed in a pressure vessel, e.g. a closed reaction vessel or digester, or it may be a continuous process, e.g. through a steam pipe, in which high pressures are maintained.

The temperature and duration of the heat treatment control the extent to which the curvature of the fibers is made permanent, and this can be adjusted according to the desired benefits. Preferred conditions are as follows: temperatures above 100 ° C to 170 ° C with corresponding vapor pressures of 790-820 kPa and durations of 2 minutes to 60 minutes.

The treatment of this invention has been found to make the curvature of the fibers permanent, including threads, loops and micro-compression.

The pulp can be bleached either during or after the heat treatment according to any known conventional bleaching method.

In general, the pulp fibers obtained after high-density milling are very warped. In mechanical pulps, if these pulps are subjected to a weak decomposition treatment at room temperature, the fibers retain essentially their warping, so that wet webs with a high wet web elongation are formed. In papermaking, however, pulps are subjected to a mechanical effect at high temperatures and low consistencies so that their curvature disappears. It is believed that pulps subjected to a standard heat disintegration treatment in the laboratory at low consistency will be subjected to similar conditions, during which the curvature will disappear and the wet web properties will deteriorate.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the various embodiments of the invention in more detail. In these examples, the experiments were performed in the following standard manner: Wet web results were obtained following the procedure explained by R.S. Seth, M.C. Barbe, J.C.R. Williams and D.H. Page in Pin, Vol. 65, No. 3, p. 135-138, 1982.

The wet web solids percentage, tensile strength, elongation and fracture work were obtained from webs obtained using wet compression pressures of 0.7 kPa and 103 kPa.

The percentage elongation at break was obtained for wet webs that had been compressed to give a breaking length of 100 m. This value is considered a measure of the "toughness" of the wet web and indicates the runnability of the pulp in the paper machine.

Changes in dewatering rates are given by the CSF measure.

Hot digestion was performed according to the procedure described by C.W. Skeet and R.S. Allan in Pulp Paper Mag. Canada, Vol. 69. No. 8, p. T222-224, April 19, 1968.

The degree of curvature of the fibers has been determined by the image analysis method described by B.D. Jordan and D.H. Page in "Proceedings of the TAPPI International Paper Physics Conference", Harrison Hot Springs, B.C. (1979). High values of curvature indices indicate more curved fibers.

In the following examples, two parameters have been used to monitor the development of the heat treatment effect.

First, the curvature of the fibers after low standard consistency heat dissipation treatment of 12,74052 has been measured, which simulates the next treatment performed on the pulp in the papermaking process.

Second, the advantage of this new pulp (after hot disintegration) has been determined as the elongation (percentage elongation at break) of wet webs made from the compressed mass to give a breaking length of 100 meters. This value is considered a measure of the "toughness" of a wet sheet and indicates the runnability of the pulp in a paper machine.

Example 1 This example is intended to illustrate that when pulp fibers are subjected to a heat treatment as explained in accordance with aspects of the present invention, they remain curved even after a standard heat treatment.

In this example, the pulp fibers were treated in a digester at 150 ° C and a consistency of about 22% for about 60 minutes.

The results obtained after the above treatments were performed on various mechanical, chemimechanical and chemical wood pulp fibers are shown in Table I below.

It can be seen from the results that the heat treatment produces the desired effects on wet web elongation and dewatering for all lignocellulosic pulp fibers, e.g. mechanical pulp and high yield sulphite pulp fibers. The treatment has no effect on cellulosic pulps containing little or no lignin.

Example 2 This example illustrates the effect of processing temperature.

The lignocellulosic pulp fibers were treated in a digester at 110, 130, 150 and 170 ° C for 60 minutes and at a consistency of about 22%. The results shown in Table II were obtained after standard hot digestion.

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Example 3 This example illustrates the effect of processing time.

Lignocellulosic fibers at a consistency of about 22% were treated in a digester at 150 ° C for 2, 10 and 60 minutes, respectively. The results shown in Table III were obtained after standard thermal decomposition.

It is seen that time as well as temperature (Example 2) control the extent to which the curvature of the fibers is made permanent. Both variables can be adjusted to obtain a mass with the desired properties.

In addition to the time required to maintain the properties of the warped fibers, and in addition to the treatment temperature described above, the amount of warping of the fibers after heat treatment and moonburn also depends on the condition of the fibers immediately after milling. It can be seen from Table III that of the two 70% yield sulfite pulps milled at 30% consistency, i.e., with more warped fibers, requires shorter heat treatment and / or treatment at lower temperatures to achieve the same wet web strength properties as pulp milled at 9% consistency.

Example 4 This example illustrates the effect of the consistency of pulp fibers when the fibers are subjected to a heat treatment.

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Lignocellulosic pulp fibers were treated in a digester at 150 ° C for 60 minutes at consistencies of 5, 10, 20 and 25%. For purposes of this specification, the term "% consistency" means the percentage by weight of pulp fibers oven dried relative to the total weight of pulp fibers plus water. The results shown in Table IV were obtained after standard hot digestion.

The greater the consistency of the pulp fibers, the greater the effect of the treatment. The treatment has no effect on the pulp fibers at low consistency, typically less than 5%.

Example 5 This example illustrates the effect of heat treatment on the properties of wet web and dry handmade test sheets of high yield pulps.

The lignocellulosic pulp fibers were heat treated in a digester at 150 ° C and about 20% consistency for about 60 minutes. In the high-yield range, in addition to wet web elongation and fracture work, heat treatment improves the tear strength and elongation of dry treated test sheets (Table V).

Example 6 This example illustrates the effect of pH on pulp fibers during heat treatment. The 70% yield sulfite pulp at pH 3.2 was heat treated in a digester at 150 ° C and about 20% consistency for about 60 minutes. A second sample of the same mass was sprayed with sodium carbonate solution to raise its pH to 10.0, and also subjected to heat treatment under the same conditions.

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The wet web properties and dry tear strength as well as elongation of both heat-treated pulps were significantly improved compared to the untreated sample (Table VI). The pulp treated at a higher pH had a higher tear strength due to the protective effect of alkali, which reduces the loss of fiber strength through acid hydrolysis.

Example 7 This example illustrates the effect of pulp bleaching and bleaching agents on the strength of wet web and dry handmade test sheets of heat treated pulps.

The sulfite pulp in 70% yield was bleached by conventional hydrogen peroxide treatment followed by heat treatment at 150 ° C for 60 minutes and 20% consistency. Table VII shows the results for the masses after treatment with different peroxide charges and standard hot grinding. The pulp, after bleaching, still has all the above-mentioned superior properties (with the exception of dewatering) due to the heat treatment carried out under the conditions described in this invention.

Example 8

As a further example, the pulps have been heat treated as described above by adding a bleaching agent during the heat treatment step.

24 74052

TABLE VI

EFFECT OF MASS FIBER pH DURING HEAT TREATMENT

In the sulphite tank ^ (70% yield) Treat- Heat-treated pulp inert pulp at 150 ° C for 60 min and at 20% hot decomposition consistency followed by tetu_distribution__ Heat treatment pH _- 3.2_10.0

Pulp and fiber properties Curvature index 0.135 0.237 0.253 CSF (ml) 643,610,672 0.7 kPa Solids (%) 25.4 22.1 26.7

Tensile strength (m) 103 89.5 67.8

Elongation (%) 2.67 15.8 7.38

Fracture work 25.1 157 52.6 103 kPa Solids (%) 29.0 28.2 29.4

Tensile strength (m) 169 141 103

Elongation (%) 2.54 9.61 6.19

Breaking work 34.4 142 67.0 Wet web elongation with a breaking length of 100 m 2.89 13.5 6.24

Properties of a dry hand-made test sheet_

Bulk (cm -1 / g) 1.72 1.54 1.78

Burst index (kPa * in / g) 6.70 4.71 3.43

Tear index kN-m 2 / g) 8.15 9.78 16.41

Breaking length (m) 9924 7383 5547% elongation 2.89 3.03 2.99

Toughness index (mJ) 167 137 107

Zero span (km) 16.38 14.95 14.35

Sirontakerr. (cin / g) 205 209 263

Pin opacity (%) 74.6 74.9 93.7

High brightness (!%) “44.4 43.0 21.5

Absorptiokerr. (cm / g) 14.86 15.22 50.50 ^ Powdered at 0.99 MJ / kg and 18% consistency.

I: 25 7 4 0 5 2

TABLE VII

Effect of bleaching of HEAT - TREATED pulps

Sulphite mass ^ (70% yield) _

Before heat treatment at 150 ° C for 60 minutes and at 20% consistency, the treatment was followed by peroxide bleaching__

Weight of peroxide by mass (%) - 0 0.5 1.0 2.0

Pulp and fiber properties Curvature index 0.138 0.227 0.216 0.209 0.204 CSF (ml) 662 607 583 533 524 Wet web properties 0.7 kPa Solids (%) 27.4 23.3 22.9 25.0 22.7

Tensile strength (m) 91.8 87.7 92.2 93.7 95.9

Elongation (%) 2.19 15.1 12.8 14.0 16.5

Fracture work 19.0 150 131 165 210 103 kPa Solids (%) 31.8 29.0 28.1 32.8 25.3

Tensile strength (m) 158 133 139 180 151

Elongation (%) 2.34 9.31 9.26 8.95 8.48

Breaking work 36.4 148 150 171 162 Wet web elongation with a breaking length of 100 m (%) 2.34 13.02 12.82 13.82 15.0 *

Properties of a dry hand-made test sheet_

Bulk (cm -1 / g) 1.74 1.54 1.53 1.47 1.49

Outbreak index (kPa1m / g) 6.73 4.50 4.70 5.23 5.18

Tear index (raN1m2 / g) 8.26 10.40 10.75 10.64 10.04

Breaking length (m) 9422 6754 6814 7389 7302

Elongation (%) 2.79 3.26 3.43 3.50 3.48

Toughness index (mJ) 159 143 148 170 163

Zero span (km) 16.12 14.38 14.42 14.48 14.98

Sirontakerr. (cnr / g) 208 211 206 196 198

Pin opacity (%) 76.3 76.8 61.5 68.7 66.4

High brightness (%) 44.8 42.1 49.3 52.9 56.6

Absorptiokerr. (cnr / g) 14.88 16.36 7.02 5.23 4.03 Color brightness (%) 56.0 53.6 63.5 67.0 70.5

Printing opacity (%) 86.0 86.6 69.6 77.0 73.7

Ground at 0.78 MJ / kg and 24% consistency 26 74052

A solution of 2% H 2 O 2 F 2 O 4 4 EDTA, 3% Na 2 SiO 3, 0.005% MgSO 4 was sprayed onto the hot mill and 70% yield sulfite mass to a consistency of about 30% to give a consistency of 19%. The pulps were treated at 150 ° C for 10 minutes.

The results are shown in Table VIII. Both pulps have better color brightness than the reference pulp and have all the other desired excellent properties.

Example 9 This example illustrates the effect of heat treatment on bleached or bleached pulps.

A solution of 2% H 2 O 2, 0.4% EDTA, 3% Na 2 SiO 3 and 0.005% MgSO 4 was sprayed onto the sulfite pulp in 70% yield and hot milled at a consistency of about 30% to give a consistency of 19%. The pulps react with the chemicals for one hour at 60 ° C. The pulps were then heat treated at 150 ° C for 10 minutes.

Table IX shows the results for the initial masses before heat treatment, the bleached masses and both masses after heat treatment. The heat treatment performed on the bleached pulp under the conditions described herein gave similar properties to the original pulp, but instead had better color brightness.

27 74052

TABLE VIII

EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF BLEACHING AGENT ON THE MASS DURING HEAT TREATMENT

1_2 Sulphite pulp (70% yield) _TMP_ Heat treatment 150 ° Heat treatment at 150w C, 10 min, 19% C, 10 min, 19% consistency using consistency using

Before No 2% 1 ^ 02 Before No 2% H „02

heat sink- ^ ^ EDTA heat sink- 0.4% EDTA

hand- mikaa- _.n hand- mikaa- 3% Na ^ SiO., telyia leja 0> 0Jj * 3 telyia leja 0> 005, Μβ SO ή MgSO 4

Mass and fiber properties Curvature index 0.148 0.187 0.209 0.106 0.177 0.163 CSF (ml) 673 651 685 175 312 293 Wet web properties_ 0.7 kPa Solids (%) 26.1 26.5 25.1 20.6 25.9 23.4

Tensile strength (m) 82.8 92.4 80.1 110 86.1 96.1

Elongation (%) 2.38 3.32 5.04 5.02 10.1 10.1

Fracture work 20.3 32.0 43.7 68.4 117 122 103 kPa Solids (%) 29.1 32.5 32.1 25.0 32.3 29.3

Tensile strength (m) 143 147 127 167 144 150

Elongation (%) 1.95 2.53 3.49 4.42 8.22 7.24

Fracture work 27.3 38.1 44.7 86.8 159 144 Elongation at break 100 m breaking time 2.23 2.90 4.05 5.22 9.61 8.93 new (%)

Properties of a dry hand-made test sheet

Bulk (cm 3 / g) 1.81 1.65 1.79 2.79 3.10 2.96

Outbreak index i (kPa-πι / g) 6.24 5.78 4.38 2.02 1.36 1.50

Tear index (mN-m2 / g) 8.22 7.84 7.84 8.72 8.27 8.94

Breaking length (m) 9704 9251 7361 3625 2469 2792

Elongation (%) 2.63 2.71 2.32 2.15 2.05 2.07

Toughness index (mJ) 150 156 113 45 32 37

Zero span (km) 16.45 16.23 13.96 11.20 9.78 10.47

Sirontakerr. (cni / g) 219,203,238,568,568,581

Pin opacity (%) 77.2 76.1 79.7 93.8 95.1 93.3

High brightness (%) 45.3 41.7 42.8 56.0 50.9 55.8

Absorption coefficient (cm2 / g) 14.68 15.10 9.22 20.23 20.49 9.83 Color brightness (%) 56.6_54.3_60.4_67.3_64.4_71.2 3 Ground 0.57 MJ / kg and 9% consistency 2

Ground at 8.52 MJ / kg and 35% consistency after the second stage 28 74052

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Claims (20)

A method for maintaining fiber curling of pulp fibers, which has already been curled by a high concentration effect, characterized by a step in which the pulp fibers are subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 170 C or less for a period of at least 2 minutes, while the pulp is in the form of nodules or a tangled mass and has a consistency of at least 5%. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment step is carried out at a temperature of 100-170 ° C. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pulp consumption during the heat treatment is 15% or more. 33 7405 2 Method according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat treatment step is carried out batchwise in a boiler. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the heat treatment step is carried out continuously through an Ingredient maintained at high pressure. 6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pulp fibers are 11-inch cellulose-containing pulp fibers made by mechanical fiber. Process according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the pulp fibers are non-cellular pulp fibers produced by refining. 8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the flakes are produced by refining 1 a disc float at high consumption and / or in such a device as a "Curlator" or "Frotapul per", such as before curling and grinding the flakes. 9. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the fibers are produced by mechanical fiberization of f11s of wood at high consistency. 10. A process according to claim 9, characterized in that the mechanical coating is followed or preceded by a chemical treatment. 11. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the fibers are obtained after a one-step refinement or after two successive refinements or between two successive refinements.