FI72034C - Preservatives for fresh feed as well as its method of preparation and use. - Google Patents

Description

72034

Preservative of vegetable fodder and its preparation and use

Conservation method for fodder frying s and m t ees s framställ-ningsmetod och användning

The present invention relates to a preservative for treating hay fodder and to a process for preparing a preservative and a method for treating vegetable fodder with this preservative. The preservative has an additional effect on the nutritional value of the feed as well as its taste.

It is already known to preserve vegetable feed with various preservatives. In the 1920s, the so-called AIV method in which the vegetable feed in its original form was preserved with a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Preservation is based on buffering acid-10 to an area that prevents bacterial activity that contaminates the feed. Since said acids lower the pH to such an extent as to substantially impair the palatability of the feed, the sulfuric acid-hydrochloric acid combination has been gradually abandoned and replaced by more suitable organic acids, e.g. formic acid. However, the use of formic acid poses significant occupational safety difficulties because it is corrosive, volatile and causes allergic sensitization. Sugar-containing preservatives have also been tried, e.g. the use of molasses and various wood sugars in their feed preservation with good success. However, molasses has proved difficult to handle due to tchmeuten-sa; mm. dosing during the vegetable feed repair phase is difficult.

According to Finnish patent application FI 801270, it is known to use a waste broth from a sulphite cooking process for the preservation of fresh cereals or grass fodder, as an aqueous solution for the preservation of pre-dried grass fodder and as a powder for the preservation of mowed fresh grass fodder. According to the patent application, it is also known to use 2 72034 dried sulphite waste broth in the feed industry for binding feed granules by means of the absorbent properties of the waste broth 1i.

According to the Finnish patent publication FI 66281, it is not known to use the neutralized and concentrated hydrolyzate obtained in the hydrolysis step carried out in connection with a 2-stage pulp cooking in a container of moist feed grain.

According to the Soviet patent publication SU 323116, it is known to use a concentrated hydrolyzate obtained from the production process of su 1 phase, e.g. for tying hay, fodder grain and grass powder. However, the disadvantage of saying the feed by the above-mentioned methods is that the nutrient-rich broth of fresh feed is wasted when the liquid content of the preservative is not in proportion to the liquid content of the re-15, thus causing considerable nutrient losses as well as environmental disadvantages.

The novel, two-component vegetable feed preservative according to the invention and the method of treating these feeds provide a decisive improvement over the above drawbacks. To achieve this, the preservative according to the invention, which is made of a secondary wood material, such as sawdust, crushed stone, bark or small wood chips or the like, obtained by hydrolysis of hydrolyzate and hydrolysis waste, is characterized in that it consists of two components.

One contains the majority of the hydrolyzate sugars and other solutes, preferably concentrated, and the other, preferably air-dried, of all insoluble and some of the solute.

The process according to the invention for preparing a vegetable fodder preservative is characterized in that the suspension containing the hydrolyzate and the hydrolysis waste is divided by filtration into two components, of which the hyoniysate e c e 1 - I! 3 72034 lee is concentrated by evaporation and the waste is dried. In special cases, the separation can be omitted and the mixture dried, e.g. with a tumble dryer. This requires dry feed, with little need for a liquid-binding component.

The use of the preservative according to the invention is characterized in that the air-dry component and the concentrated liquid component are added to the feed to such an extent that the dry matter content of the hydrolysis solutes in the vi feed is 10-30 kg / t and that the vibant feed the substance content rises to at least 25%.

The advantages of the preservative according to the invention are e.g. the following: -Sugar sugars and organic acids quickly initiate lactic acid fermentation, which is important for the preservation of vegetable feed.

15 -The pH of the storage room remains between 3.7 and 4.2, thus preventing harmful microbial functions such as butyric acid fermentation.

-Also, the acidity does not increase so much that it: would impair the palatability of the silage, as happens 20 e.g. when strong acids are used.

-Small-molecule organic compounds in the preservative are usable nutrients and thus increase the value of the feed.

-The preservative does not contain components that would hinder the further processing of livestock products, e.g. cheese making, as e.g. formalin preservation is claimed to do.

-The preservative is non-toxic, non-corrosive and does not cause allergic symptoms.

The main new advantages of the invention are the following: - This dual) ponentive preservative makes it possible to bind different musts of different feeds with an optimal amount of preservatives.

u 72034 -By binding the preservative in the must increases the r a value of the feed by 4-10%.

-Binding must also prevents its possible environmental damage.

5 -The hydrolysis residue included in the tank partially replaces the stalk feed, which is important in ruminant feeding. Making dry hay is thus not necessary on livestock farms.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail.

As the raw material for the vegetable fodder preservative according to the invention, lignocellulosic material is used, such as finely divided waste or forest chips, sawdust, wood chips, waste, cuttings, etc. Annual plants such as straw can also be used.

In the process according to the invention, the finely divided vegetable fiber containing hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin is partially hydrolysed by methods known per se but adapted for this purpose, so that the hemicellulose is almost completely and the cellulose partially soluble as simple mono-, di- and o-oligosaccharides. Hydrolysis at a temperature of 140-160 ° C and in a solution containing 1-2% sulfur dioxide has proven to be advantageous. A few percent of lig-25 nin also enters the solution: as lignosulfonic acids. Partial dissolution of lignin also increases the digestibility of non-hydrolyzed cellulose in the gastrointestinal tract of animals.

It has also been found advantageous to use a small amount of sodium hydroxide or magnesium oxide in addition to sulfur dioxide, the hydrolysis agent being acidic sodium or roagnesium bisulfite.

The active components of the preservative in the preservation of vibantar feed are the sols of wood sol 5f 72034 dissolved in the hydrolysis process, as well as 1ignosu1 phonetic and other organic acids, such as acetic formic and levulinic acids, which are formed in the hydrolysis process. All of these are already known to act as highly effective preservatives. Equally essential is the soluble wood, the hydrolysis waste, which, when dried, is very hygroscopic. It is able to bind 3-4 times its own weight of water and its main task is to bind the so-called must, which normally flows out of the canning space 10 and causes considerable nutrient losses and environmental disadvantages.

After hydrolysis, the main part of the suspension obtained in the process is separated from the liquid by means of a press, and the filtrate thus obtained, the liquid component of the vegetable feed preservative containing 10-15% sugars, is concentrated by evaporation to 40-80% strength. The remaining solid component, the hydrolysis waste, is dried, e.g., in a tumble dryer 11a to a dry matter content of 85-90%. Prior to preservation, 1-2% of buccal or formic acid may be added to one or both components.

When storing vegetable feed, a liquid component concentrated per tonne of feed is added to it during the harvesting or storage phase so that it contains sugars and other hydrolyzate dry matter 10-30 kg / t of moist hate feed. Further, the dried hydrolysis waste is added to such an extent that the dry matter content of the preserved vegetable fodder becomes at least 25%, so that no more must is separated from the must. The dry matter of the hydrolyzate contained in the waste can be included in the above-mentioned 10-30 kg / t.

30 If the initial dry matter content of the green fodder is 22% and it is increased to 27%, the quantity of must to be absorbed is 200 kg per tonne of green fodder. Air-dried hydrolysis waste is then required for about 55-65 kg per tonne of vegetable feed to be preserved.

"* 6 ...............: · * 72034

The dried hydrolysis waste also contains sugars left over from the separation of most of the hydrolyzate by a press. The dry matter of the hydrolyzate is about 10-15% of the total dry matter. If the waste is used e.g.

5 50 kg per tonne of horseradish feed, the preserved feed contains 5-7j5 kg / t of preserving sugars and organic acids or their salts from the solid component of the preservative. In preferred and: e.g. under completely anaerobic conditions, this amount alone, without the addition of liquid clump-10 tin, may be sufficient for effective storage.

Example.

The preservation efficiency and the ability of the solid component (dried hydrolysis waste) to bind the pressed liquid were studied. The compression effect of the storage-15 towers was simulated using large, 5 m high pipes as storage vessels. The experimental conditions were as follows:

Koe no 1 _2_ 3

Vegetable feed original 20 dry matter% 22.0 22.0 22.0 Water added during storage, preserved. liquid component of the substance. and ~ dried waste (solid.

k o m p o n.), where k.a. % 20.7 22.8 24.3 25 Dry hydrol. waste (solid component) added kg / t vegetable feed - 36.0 46.6 Preservative: -Finic acid (reference) kg / t 5.0 30 -Hydrolysate dry matter. kg / t - 17.0 17.0

Binding results: -Press juice kg / t feed 200.6 92.8 28.5

II

7 72034

Test No 1 2_ _3_ -Binding capacity liquid kg / kg waste - 3.3 3.3 5 The solid component is thus able to bind air-dry n.

3f5 times the amount of liquid, so adding 50 kg to the hate feed that preserves it with a dry matter content of 20% can almost completely prevent nutrient losses and environmental damage to the must.

10 Preservation results: 1 2 3 -pH 3.9 5.3 4. 1 -NH3 g / kg incl. 1.3 0.9 1.0 -Sock monosaccharides. g / kg incl. 124.3 1 9.5 93.8 -CH3C00H "1.6 0.1 6.3 15-Lactic acid acids." 6.3 5.5 18.3 -Eethanol "3.1 7.2 73.9

The series of experiments presented above sought to focus on the study of must binding. Controlling shelf life and sampling was more difficult due to the circumstances, resulting in a couple of inconsistent values in the analytical results, although preservation was generally successful in all experimental batches.

Therefore, the results of a concurrent series of experiments performed in completely sealed 25 to 60 liter containers with the juice being present at all times are shown below. Thus, the preservative of the preservative alone with the aid of the liquid component and in the absence of the solid component was examined here. Full control of conditions and sampling was thus possible.

30 Koe No

Test conditions: 1 23456 - Preservative kg / t - formic acid: (vert) - 5.0 - hydr. dry matter · - - 10.0 20.0 10.0 20.0 72034 8 Preservative results: 1,2 3 4 5 5 -pH - 7.6 4.3 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.9 -NH3 g / kg approx. 4.0 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.9 -Soc. monos. "3.0 17.5 21.7 24.3 22.9 7.8 5 -CH3COOH" 4.0 19.1 24.4 31.5 16.0 22.6 -Lactic acid "0.0 47.0 82.0 74.0 63.0 79.0 -Eethanol" 0.7 5.3 14.1 12.8 3.1 31.4

As can be seen from the above, Experiments 3-6, all of which use the liquid component of the vegetable preservative of the present invention, show excellent preservation results.

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Claims (5)

1. A preservative for fresh fodder made from the hydrolysation of secondary wood material, preferably sawdust and other finely divided wood material and wood-containing bark, whose other uses are limited, the resulting hydrolyzate and hydrolysis decay, characterized wherein the preservative consists of two components, one of which is the hydrolyzate containing the major part of the substances dissolved in hydrolyzing, mainly different sugars, and has preferably been concentrated and the other of which is the hydrolysis waste. , which has been preferably air-dried and contains the undissolved hydrolysis waste and a small proportion of the substances dissolved in hydrolysis. 2. A preservative for fresh feed according to the patent claim characterized in that the component containing sugar and the other dissolved substances have been concentrated to 40-80%, preferably 60%. 3. A fresh food preservative according to claim 1 characterized in that in one component or in the bed components 1 to 2% formic or hydrochloric acid has been added. A process for preparing preservatives for fresh feed of hydrolyzate and hydrolysis waste obtained in the hydrolysis of secondary wood material, characterized in that the hydrolysis product is divided into two components by separation of the liquid containing sugar and other dissolved substances. and by concentrating the same, e.g. evaporation and by drying it