FI71886B - VIRVELSEPARATOR FOER SEPARERING AV ETT MEDIUM I OLIKA KOMPONENTER - Google Patents

Description

71886

Vortex separator for dividing the medium into components. -Virvelseparator för separering av ett medium i olika komplenter.

This invention relates to a vortex separator having a vortex chamber between two lids, from which the heavy component is removed away from the axis of rotation and the light component is removed in the axial direction from the two discharge tubes.

The term "medium" as used in this specification is intended to include powdered and fibrous flowing solids, flowing liquids, liquid droplets and gases, and various mixtures thereof. The term "heavy component" is intended to include all those particles which behave in a vortex like a mass-heavy particle due to, for example, shape, even if the difference in mass does not actually exist or vice versa.

Vortex separators are previously known which have vortex chambers between two covers, from which the heavy component is removed outwards from the central axis of rotation and the light component in the axial direction from one or two outlet tubes. Examples of these are U.S. Patent Nos. 474,490, 535,099, 3,017,993 and 4,205,965, as well as GB Patent 1,23ώ,904. In addition, cyclone separators with a conical base for removing a heavy component and creating nested vortices are known. An example of this is in U.S. Patent No. 2,746,604. The vortex series separator is disclosed in FI Patent Application No. 830199.

A disadvantage of the known conical cyclones is that the heavy component has to rotate in the outer vortex along the surface of the cone to the top of the cone, causing severe wear. The lightweight component also turns around the top of the cone before it enters the internal vortex. In this case, there is a risk of clogging of the narrowest part of the cone in particular, because all the material comes close to it. In particular, the coarsest material, o L ·.

71 886 which is to be led out of a narrow opening creates blockages.

Known vortex separators, in which the vortex chamber is not between two lids, have the disadvantage of an incomplete separation result, especially for the light component. Heavy component particles that enter the internal vortex have a poor chance of re-entering the outer portions of the vortex and the heavy component because new flow comes on from the outer vortex side. In this way, heavy particles are easily mistakenly trapped in the exhaust pipes of the light component.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the above-mentioned drawbacks and is achieved by a vortex extractor according to the invention in such a way that at least one of the axial plug tubes of the light component is made into a funnel-shaped tube tapering in the discharge direction.

The invention can be applied to practically all separation tasks. Examples are solid separation from gases, solid separation from liquid, sorting and classification of solid particles, thickening and concentrating in general, fractionation of gas mixtures, separation of emulsions, etc.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures.

Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a vortex separator according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a top view of the pyerre separator according to Fig. 1.

Figure 3 shows substantially nested vortices in a vortex separator according to the invention.

Figure h shows a sectional drawing of a vortex series separator according to the invention.

3 718 8 6

Figure 5 shows a section along the line V-V in Figure 4.

Figure 6 shows an alternative sectional drawing of a vortex separator according to the invention.

Figure 7 shows a third alternative sectional drawing of a vortex separator according to the invention.

Figure 8 shows a sectional view of a vortex separator according to the invention with a removable funnel part.

Figure 9 shows an alternative section of a vortex separator according to the invention with a removable funnel part.

Figure 10 shows a sectional view of a vortex series separator according to the invention, in which parallel and successive vortices are supported.

Figure 11 shows a sectional view of a vortex separator according to the invention and, in principle, secondary flows in an application using opposite cones.

The central content of the present invention is to form nested separation steps so that the heaviest component remains on the outer circumference of the vortices. In this way, it does not cause wear or clogging of the inner separation stages using hoppers. It is possible to obtain different fractions from the nested different difference stages if the light component is further divided into different fractions. If desired, the nested separation steps can be adjusted to operate in different ways, e.g. so that the outermost separation of the heavy component takes place on the basis of the shape factor and the separation in the inner funnel on the basis of weight or vice versa.

When the heavy component, i.e. the maximum particle load, is kept close to the outer circumference, the inner 4 7188 6 constrictors can be dimensioned more freely to operate as desired without fear of clogging. For example, the smallest openings in the funnels can be made even narrower if desired or the conical hopper can be adjusted freely to the cone angle.

With the heavy component remaining in the outer portions of the vortices, the funnel portions in the vortex separators according to the invention can often be dimensioned quite small compared to conventional conical cyclones. The smaller funnel section lowers the cost of the device and reduces the overall height of the device, which is often a problem in large conical cyclones.

The following figures show by way of example some embodiments of the invention and illustrate the operation of the invention. In reality, a large number of different embodiments can be found for the invention. The shapes and dimensions of the devices according to the invention are selected according to the respective application. The choice can be made through experimental studies and theoretical examination in different situations.

The names of the parts shown in the figures are: 1. vortex chamber wall 2. general direction of vortex movement 12. tangential feed channel 13. light component outlet pipe 14. heavy component axial outlet pipe 39. flow divider to separate different vortices 40. opening where adjacent vortices support each other 47. vortex chamber lid 49. center of rotation shaft 68. bottom of vortex chamber i.e. second lid 70. tangential discharge channel of heavy component 71. principal trajectory of heavy component 93. funnel-shaped discharge pipe for light component 94. sy1 interim pipe section 95. possible partition wall 9 718 8 6 96. collection tank for heavy component 97. mounting bolt 98. screw thread

Figures 1 and 2 show a vortex separator according to the invention, in which the mixture to be separated is fed in from a tangential feed channel] 2. The heavy component remains under the effect of centrifugal force on the outer parts of the vortex and is removed from the tangential outlet 70. The outlet pipes 13, 93 in the middle of the vortex chamber generate a lower pressure in the middle of the vortex, which maintains the vortex motion. The pressure difference causes a flow from the outer parts of the vortex towards the central parts, whereby the lighter particles travel with this radial flow towards the central part of the vortex into a light component which exits through the tubes 13 and 93.

Figure 3 shows in principle the nested vortices of the device according to Figure 1. The outermost part of the vortex is gradually enriched with a heavy component. A cyclone effect with nested double vortices is formed between the light component outlet pipes 13 and 93. In this case, the light component is further divided into two fractions, so that the heavier part exits the top of the funnel tube 93 and the lighter part enters the tube 13 as an internal vortex. In general, from an operational point of view, it is preferable that the largest inner diameter of the funnel part 93 is larger than the inner diameter of the light component outlet pipe 13. However, the diameters can also be equal. In the case shown in Figure 3, a cylindrical rim 94 protrudes from the hopper portion 93 into the vortex chamber to prevent the heaviest component from passing along the base cover 68 into the hopper portion 93. In the example of Figure 3, the heavy component 111 is removed . If the device 6 71 886 is positioned so that the center axis 49 of rotation is horizontal, the heavy component can be collected in a settling space connected to the vortex chamber. Such are used, for example, in pneumatic classifiers, as disclosed in the above-mentioned patent publications. In the example of Figure 3, the funnel part is made of a conical surface, but funnels of other shapes also provide the desired cyclone effect between the outlet pipes 13, 93. In Figures 1-3, the lids 47 and 68 are shown as flat surfaces, which are often the cheapest to make, but the arches 47, 68 can also be made in other shapes, e.g. to increase strength. For example, the gently cup-like structure is very strong. Figures 1 to 3 show a smaller tangential feed channel 12, but other feed methods can also be used. In vortex separators, it is often used, for example, to feed axially to the outer circumference of the vortex chamber by means of different vanes.

According to Fig. 3, the device according to the invention can be adjusted to function e.g. as a dust separator so that most of the dust leaves the outer circumference along the channel 70 and the finest dust entering the center of the vortex is removed from the tip of the hopper part 93.

The device according to Figure 3 can be made to function, e.g. as a wet classifier of mineral particles, so that the heaviest particles leave as a thick slurry through the channel 70, whereby the diluted slurry containing light particles is applied to the center of the vortex. In this case, in the funnel part 93, the light component can be thickened and removed thickly through the tip of the funnel, while the liquid of the slurry leaves through the pipe 13. Alternatively, the third fraction can be removed with the liquid via the pipe 13.

Figs.

In this case, the heavy component is finally removed along the tangential discharge channels 70. They are generally preferred to be located in the vicinity of the lids 47 and 68.

Figure 6 shows an alternative solution of a vortex series separator according to the invention, in which the heavy component is removed in the last vortex in the axial direction via a cone 14. In the previous vortices, the funnel parts 93 do not protrude into the vortex chambers 1 at all, whereby particles of a heavy component can also be more easily accessed from the surface of the lid 68.

Fig. 7 shows a device similar to Fig. 6 provided with a heavy component collection tank 96. The material from the funnel tubes 93 is also collected in the tank.

Different tanks can be divided by a partition 93 if different fractions are desired. On the other hand, in the case of, for example, the separation of dust from air, a common dust container can be used for dust coming from different hoppers without a partition 95, provided that the pressure levels at the tips of the hoppers are the same. This, in turn, usually requires nearly equal outlets in different hoppers.

Fig. 8 shows a vortex separator according to the invention with a replaceable funnel part 93. In this case, the fastening is performed by flange connection with bolts. The interchangeability of the hopper portion 93 is important for adjusting the mode of operation of the device. By changing, for example, a different cone angle, the largest inner diameter or the smallest opening in the funnel part 93, the nature of the separation event can be changed. For example, the separation limit, separation sharpness, and consistencies in different fractions can be changed. It is also possible to change the tube 13 to a different size or different length at the same time.

Fig. 9 shows a solution in which the funnel part 93 71886 is fastened to the cover 68 with a screw thread, whereby it can be changed and its extent inside the vortex chamber can be adjusted.

Figure 10 shows a vortex series separator according to the invention, in which the different vortices form a vortex field resting on each other in both lateral and longitudinal directions.

In this case, the heavy component is removed tangentially along the channels 70 between the vortices. The flow in the ducts 70 can be regulated, for example, by means of valves or orifice ratios. The flow rate of the channels 70 from the flow of the supply channels 12 is adjusted according to the respective separation needs. In some cases, it is advantageous to remove only a small portion of the feed flow, i.e., the heaviest component, from the passages 70, while most of the flow exits through the tubes 13 or funnel portions 93, which perform most of the separation function. In this case, however, there is no disadvantage in terms of consumption of the heaviest component or the risk of clogging. The vortex field provides a good input to the separation event between the tubes 93, 13. The quality of the material to the different vortices can be controlled by controlling the radial flow rate, which is done by selecting the cross-sections of the tubes 13, 93.

Figure 11 shows a solution according to the invention, in which, in the same vortex chamber, the opposite light component outlet pipes 93 are funnel-shaped. By adjusting the maximum diameters and outlets of the hoppers to be different from each other, several nested vortices can be generated, the axial movements of which are shown in principle in Fig. 11 in the vicinity of the hopper parts 93. The device can be dimensioned, for example, according to the figure, so that a thickened light component is obtained from the upper funnel part 93, which has a smaller outlet. Correspondingly, the flow medium, e.g. sludge water, is removed from the middle of the larger opening of the lower funnel. The outer parts of the lower funnel remove the heavy component that has partially entered the internal vortex.