FI67422C - ANORDNING FOER GRAEVANDE OCH / ELLER RENSANDE AV ETT DIKE - Google Patents

Description

67422

EQUIPMENT FOR EXCAVATION AND / OR LOADING

The invention relates to a device for digging and / or digging a ditch, which device comprises a body and a trough-like elongate trough connected to it in the longitudinal direction of the body.

Devices used for excavating and / or cleaning ditches and / or forest ditches are already known, in which the land to be removed from the ditch groove 10 is lifted up with a conventional excavator or plowed or milled and transferred to the ditch.

A conventional excavator equipped with a bucket suitable for the purpose 15 has a relatively slow working speed, as does a milling cutter operating on the milling principle. A ditch plow, which is usually attached to a suitable traction machine, requires a disproportionately solid and heavy structure, especially when working in forest terrain. A notable drawback of the known devices is that they are generally not suitable for use in difficult terrain conditions such as submerged swamp or rocky forest terrain; the work has been either extremely slow or the work machine has had to be replaced by another device that is more suitable for the job.

With the device according to the invention, the above-mentioned disadvantages can be largely avoided. This is achieved by the features of the invention which are mainly set out in the first claim.

The advantage of the device according to the invention is the synchronized co-operation between the shovel-like part and the actual bucket part, thanks to which e.g. the front edge of the bucket is not subjected to • severe impact stress, even in hard ground; by means of the shovel-like part 2 67422, the soil is detached from the ditch groove and transferred via the bucket part, e.g. to a transverse conveyor and further to the ditch. The depth of the ditch groove obtained in one run can be easily adjusted, for example, on the basis of the soil hardness.

The modes of operation of the device according to the invention are versatile. Normally, the device is operated with the elongate bucket part open at the stern end adjusted to the desired depth of the ditch, and by means of a melanically moving shovel-like part, the soil is pulled through the bucket part to the ditch. In soft ground, the machine can be operated with only the elongated bucket section used to make the ditch. When there is a risk of sinking, the bucket-like part of the device is adjusted to a horizontal position 15 and the device is pulled forward by means of a shovel-like part.

Ditching is then carried out with the help of a light excavator installed in the front or stern part of the device, which also clears the stones of the ditch groove and possible cleanings of the mouths of the bridge drums. Flame trees do not cause problems for the device; they can be cut with a shovel-like part against the front edge of the bucket part. The device is built strong in these respects.

In the following, the invention will be described mainly by means of a preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, in which

Figure 1 shows schematically a device according to the invention for digging and / or cleaning up the trench side view of the left side wheels removed;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the device of Figure 1; Fig. 3 shows a section A-A in Fig. 1;

Figure 4 shows another solution for moving the shovel-like part of the device according to the invention.

The device for digging and / or digging a ditch comprises 3U0-35,, a granular body 1 to which are connected 3 67422 shovel-shaped part 2 and an elongate trough-like bucket part 3. Each of which is separately movable in the forward direction of the device either forwards or backwards and with adjustable adjustment devices. with adjustable trajectories and synchronous operation so that during the work step both parts can be moved both horizontally and vertically and also so that the shovel-like part 2 can be moved inside the trough-like bucket part 3 together with the soil removed from the ditch groove.

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The shovel-like part 2 is provided with a blade part 21 which has a shape corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the body 1, i.e. in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement C of the device, to the inner cross-section of the trough-like bucket part 3. The steel part 21 is somewhat, 3 ... 5 cm from the edges 15, smaller than this cross-section, as can be seen from Fig. 3. The steel part 21 then fits well to pass longitudinally through the trough-like bucket part. The shape and structure of the bucket part are described in more detail below.

The shovel-like part 2 is connected to the body 1 by one or more levers. At least one hydraulic cylinder, in most cases two cylinders, is mounted between these levers, the shovel-like part 3 and / or its arm 22 and the body 1, by means of which the shovel-like part can be moved. through controls. This can be implemented e.g. as shown in Figure 1 as follows.

The arm 22 of the shovel-like part 2 is mounted relatively close to the steel part 21 by means of rollers 6 or the like 30. The second end of the arm of the shovel-like part 2 is connected by a lever arm 23, e.g. to the superstructure 10 of the body 1. The first end 41 of the slider 4 is connected by lever arms 5; 51, 52 down to the body 1 of the device and the other end 42 to the superstructure 10 of the body 1.

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The lever arms 51, 52 are connected to each other by a connecting piece 50 and this is moved vertically by a pin connection 43 or the like to the first end 41 of the slider 4. The second end 42 of the slider is also movably supported by the upper structure 10 of the movable body 1. A hydraulic cylinder, i.e. a lifting cylinder 7, is mounted between the connecting piece 50 of the lever arms and the vertical beam 11 of the body 1, by means of which the position of the slider head 41 and at the same time the working depth of the shovel can be adjusted. A second hydraulic cylinder, i.e. a pushing cylinder 8, is mounted between the arm 22 of the shovel-like part 2 and the body 1, by means of which the longitudinal pushing movement of the shovel-like part is achieved.

The bucket part 3 is preferably V-shaped in cross section, flat or rounded at the bottom and corresponds to the profile of the ditch to be excavated or cleaned. In the longitudinal direction, the bucket part forms a trough. The bucket part 3 is mounted longitudinally inside the body 1 according to the direction of movement of the device. The length of the bucket part 3 is chosen so that its blade part 31 in the extreme position of the bucket part extends up to 70 ... 80 cm from the ground and the open opposite end of the trough-like bucket part 3, i.e. the stern part 32, rises above the body 1.

Relatively long slides 9 are arranged in the frame 1, e.g. in connection with its side beams 1a, 1b; 91, 92, on the support of which the bucket part 3 is attached. An axis 33 or a similar member supporting the bucket part passes under the bucket part 3. The ends of the shaft 33 or the pins of the support member are fixed, e.g. by 1a-30 by multiplying, to the slides 91 and 92 so that the bucket part 3 can be pivoted vertically in the direction B in Fig. 1 as a fixed point of the shaft 33. Hydraulic cylinders 36, 37, 35 are mounted on both sides of the bucket part 3 between the lugs 34, 35 welded to the upper edges of its sides and the slide 91, 92 by means of which the bucket part 3 can be turned vertically and 67422 can be determined e.g. working depth of bucket part 3. This also sets a limit on the working depth of the shovel-like part 2. A hydraulic cylinder 38 is also mounted between the end beam 12 or the corresponding transverse beam of the body 1 and the bucket part 3.

5 This allows the bucket part 3 to be moved horizontally on a slider in the longitudinal direction C of the frame.

Below the open rear part 32 of the bucket part 3, a transverse conveyor 13 is arranged, which extends laterally outside the body 1 of the device. By means of the conveyor, the soil lifted from the ditch groove is transferred through the bucket part 3 by means of the shovel-like part 2 to the surface of the ditch.

The device according to the invention operates as follows. In the transport position-15, the shovel-like part 2 of the device and the bucket part 3 are in the upper position, i.e. they are raised by means of the respective hydraulic elements 7 and 36, 37 as far as possible in Fig. 1 to the point a of their trajectory drawn in broken line in Fig. 1 and to the bucket part 3 to point a *, respectively. The device is driven, either by the power of its own motor 20 or by a suitable traction machine, by pulling it into a ditch track to be excavated or cleaned, so that the body 1 of the device is longitudinally on it. The bucket part 3 is lowered by means of cylinders 36 and 37 either to the ground surface or to the bottom of the ditch b '. The device is driven in the direction of the ditch, the bucket part 3 is set or its working depth is adjusted and the shovel part 2 is switched on. The working movement of the shovel part 2 is controlled manually via the hydraulic cylinders 7 and 8 or it is automated so that the blade part a 21 of the shovel part 2 is first pushed to the ground along the path 30 in Fig. 1 and then moved backwards in the direction of travel bc, whereby at the same time it pushes the soil further out of the ditch groove through the bucket part 3. When the pushing movement of the shovel-like part is at its end point c, the loose soil falls from the open rear part 32 35 of the bucket part to the conveyor 13 and further to the outside of the ditch groove 67422 6. At the end point c, the lifting cylinder 7 is actuated and raises the lever arm 5; 51, 52 and the first end 41 of the slider 4 from point d to point e. At the same time, the pushing cylinder 8 is also made so that it pulls the shovel part 2 back to its initial position along the trajectory c a. The work step of the shovel part 2 then starts from the beginning.

The movements of the bucket part 3 follow the movement of the melanically operating 10 shovel-like part 2. When the shovel-like part 2 is started to be moved from the point b towards the point c, the bucket part 3 is pushed by the hydraulic cylinders 38 horizontally in the direction C, i.e. in the direction of travel of the device. At the same time, the steel part 31 of the bucket part 3 can be raised or lowered in the direction B according to the situation by the hydraulic cylinder 36 and 37. Thus, the removal of soil from the bottom of the ditch groove is effective by the combined action of the shovel part 2 and the bucket part 3.

The movements of the shovel-like part 2 and the bucket part 20 3 of the device according to the invention can be automatically synchronized with each other and their operation monitored in e.g. the following manner. The position of the pistons of each hydraulic cylinder 7, 8, 36, 37 and 38 is arranged to sense suitable sensors which communicate position information to a microprocessor or similar data processing device. The possible trajectories of the shovel-like part 2 and the bucket part 3 or their extremes are stored in the memory unit. Based on this information and the above-mentioned position information, the monitoring and control of the device parts 2, 3 is performed. If necessary, it is of course possible to switch to a conventional manual control 30 and, for example, by means of a manual control, the parts 2, 3 of the device can be programmed to perform a certain work step. Limit switches such as microswitches can be provided to indicate the extreme positions of the shovel-like part 2 and the bucket part 3 (e.g. points a and c of the trajectories), the evul-35 la of which ensures that the permissible trajectories 67422 7 are not exceeded. The hydraulic cylinders are controlled, for example, electrically by means of solenoid valves placed in their hydraulic circuits.

5 In adjusting the trajectory of the shovel-like part 2, the mechanism of the slider 4 - lever arm 5 described above can be replaced by the mechanism shown in Fig. 4. In this case, a nos-10 tosylinder 7 'is suitably mounted between the lever arm 23', which is preferably somewhat longer than the lever arm 23, and the superstructure 10 of the body 1. A pushing cylinder 8 'is mounted between the lever arm 23' and the arm 22 of the shovel-like part 2, respectively. The shovel-like part 2 works in principle in the same way as explained in connection with Fig. 1.

In order to increase the versatility of the device according to the invention, it can be provided with a light excavator 14 known per se. This can be mounted in front of the shovel part 2 and the bucket part 3 in connection with the frame 1 or alternatively behind these parts. In the event that the device is equipped with its own motor and no separate traction machine is required, it is advantageous to install an excavator next to the cab 15 at the front of the frame 1. Large rocks and other obstacles can be easily lifted out of the ditch groove with the help of an excavator before digging / clearing the actual ditch.

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If the excavator is at the rear of the frame 1, the device works, for example, as follows. When, during the work phase, the device encounters an obstacle which exceeds the permissible loads of the shovel-like part 2 and / or the bucket part 3, the movement of the part or parts 2, 3 stops automatically, after which the manual control is switched on. An excavator can be used to lift the obstacle that caused the interruption from the ditch groove if it is small enough.

The invention has been described above mainly with reference to one preferred embodiment 35, but it is clear that 8 67422 inventions can be modified in many ways without departing from the basic idea of the invention. For example, the shovel-like part 2 and the bucket part 3 can be replaced to suit the size of the workpiece, if necessary, or new if they have become unusable at work. The bucket part 3 can also be fixedly mounted from its shaft 33 to the frame.

Instead of the shovel-like parts 2 described above, a conventional excavator boom and bucket mechanism mounted above or behind the rear part 32 of the bucket part 3 can be used. If this mechanism is arranged to rotate 360 °, it can also be used to replace the separate excavator 14 shown in Fig. 1. In this case, the shovel-shaped part and the excavator placed at the rear of the frame are combined, thus greatly simplifying the device according to the invention. Of course, the control and regulating devices of the entire device are also arranged in the same connection.

Instead of a hydraulic cylinder, any suitable pneumatic cylinders or other suitable transmission devices can be used in the device 20 according to the invention. The conveyor 13 can also be mounted on the slider 9 of the bucket part 3; 91, 92 so that it can be moved horizontally together with the bucket part 3 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 38. 25 Instead of the conveyor 13, a simple trough or chute can be placed, through which the loose soil flows to the small side of the ditch. The device according to the invention can be equipped with its own motor or it can be built, for example, to be towed behind a tractor or a similar tractor.

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Claims (9)

67422 9 A device for digging and / or digging a ditch, the device comprising a body (1) and a longitudinally elongated trough-shaped bucket part (3) connected thereto, characterized in that the device further comprises only one shovel-like part (2) which is movable by the bucket. inside and along the part (3) together with the soil detached from the ditch groove and which the shovel-like part (2) and the bucket-10 part (3) are connected to the frame (1) by lever arms (23, 5) and supports (e.g. A) , in which at least one hydraulic cylinder (7, 8,7 ', 8'; 36, 37) or a similar transmission device 15 is mounted to move the parts (2, 3) in the longitudinal and / or vertical direction of the body between these parts and the body. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shovel-like part (2) is provided with a blade part (21) which is in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body (1), but somewhat smaller than the inner cross-section of the bucket part (3). . Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shovel-shaped part (2) is connected to the body (1) by one or more levers and between the lever or levers, the shovel-like part (2) and / or the body (1). fitted with at least one hydraulic cylinder by means of which the shovel-like part can be moved. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a slide (A) is fastened to the frame (1), on the basis of which the shovel-shaped part (2) is arranged to move by means of one or more hydraulic cylinders (7, 8). 67422 10 Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the slide (4) is fastened at its first end (41) to a lever arm (5; 51, 52) and at a second (42) bearing to the first body part (10) and the lever arm (5; 51). A hydraulic cylinder (7) is mounted between the 52) and the second body part (11), by means of which the position of the first end (41) of the slider (4) and at the same time the working depth of the shovel-like part (2) can be adjusted. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the trough-shaped bucket part (3) is fastened longitudinally to the side beams (1a, 1b) or the like of the body (1) by means of a shaft (33) or pins and between the bucket part (3) and the body (1) at least one hydraulic cylinder is mounted, by means of which e.g. the working depth of the blade part (31) of the bucket part (3) is adjustable. Device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the bucket part (3) is fastened to the side members (1a, 20 1b) by means of slides (9; 91, 92) and at least one hydraulic cylinder (3) is mounted between the bucket part (3) and the body (1). 38), by means of which the bucket part can be moved horizontally on a slide. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a conveyor (13) transverse to the body (1) is arranged below the open rear part (32) of the bucket part (3) and extends beyond the body (1). 30 67422 11