FI67226C - BITTORVMASKIN - Google Patents

Description

67226

Sod peat Machine

Bittorvmaskin

The invention relates to a lump peat machine using peat as raw material, in particular non-dried peat, the lump peat machine comprising a body, peat lifting members, transfer screw, drum press, power transmission devices for operating peat lifting members, transfer screw and drum press. removal and transfer to the mixing tank, a transfer screw for transferring the pulp from the mixing tank to the drum press and pressing the pulp of the drum press into pieces, and applying the formed pieces to the production field to dry.

10

With regard to the state of the art, reference is made to Finnish patents Nos. 56,392 and 62,331, which disclose the currently commonly used pieces of peat machines. In known piece peat machines, the peat is lifted to the production field to dry mainly by piece peat machines equipped with a disc, ruu-15 vi or chain type lifting member fitted with an agricultural tractor.

Filter-fitted three- to four-element disc-type peat inserts are also used. The corners of the production field, which are usually about 20 m apart, are filled from the edges in 15 to 25 runs, depending on the desired degree of filling of the 20 production fields. In the middle of the hinge there is an opening about the width of the towing vehicle in the block field. There are a number of significant problems in producing lump peat with known lump peat machines and methods.

25 The main problem is that less decayed surface peat and correspondingly more decayed deep peat, as well as wood and fiber in the peat and variations in peat moisture, make production difficult. Poorly decomposed peat does not produce a satisfactory return in terms of strength properties and calorific value. The wood and fiber material in the peat and the moisture fluctuations of the 50 peat cause clogging problems in the peat machine. If the proportion of poorly decomposed surface peat is too large, the production of lump peat is completely prevented because there are no lime-binding ingredients among the surface peat. Often the quality of the piece produced is unsatisfactory due to insufficient shaping of the pulp. Likewise, the shape of the piece produced is not advantageous for grate burning.

The peat extraction stage is also a relatively expensive operation for known lump peat machines and accounts for up to about 60% of the direct costs. Likewise, the energy demand per unit of energy produced is relatively high. Frost also makes it difficult to lift peat, because as the peat lifting depth reaches the frost layer, the power requirement of the peat plant increases considerably and at the same time the quality of the piece deteriorates.

10

Known peat machines have unsatisfactory control characteristics or no control at all, as a result of which the known peat machines are not able to operate in varying production fields, but the operation is intermittent and susceptible to interference.

15

The object of the invention is to provide a lump peat machine which enables the production of lump peat even in thick, poorly grounded and dry surface peat layers. It is also an object of the invention to provide a lump peat machine which is not susceptible to the problems caused by the wood and fiber materials 20 in the peat. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a lump peat machine with a high lifting capacity, whereby the production costs per unit of energy produced are considerably reduced. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description of the invention.

25

The objects of the invention are achieved by a lump peat machine, which is mainly characterized in that the peat lifting members of the lump peat machine are adjustable to mix less decomposed surface peat and more decomposed deep peat in a desired ratio to form the desired peat mass.

Other features of the piece peat machine according to the invention are set out in claims 2-6.

Numerous significant advantages are achieved with the lump peat machine according to the invention. The lump peat machine operates on the principle of mixing masses, which means that lump peat can be produced in even more areas. As a result, the 3 67226 thick, poorly soiled and dry surface peat layer does not prevent the start of lump peat production. The wood and fiber material in the peat and the moisture fluctuations in the peat do not cause any problems for the peat machine. The lifting capacity of the peat peat machine is high, which significantly reduces production costs per 5 units of energy produced.

The return peat machine also enables the so-called. introduction of peat litter more often. Thanks to the adjustability of the return peat machine, the properties of the product can be affected to a large extent already while driving. Such adjustable properties include e.g. the density of the piece, the relative proportions of poorly decomposed and more decomposed peat in the mass, the degree of modification of the mass and the initial moisture content of the piece. The peat peat machine also allows the hinges to be profiled steeper to speed up the drainage of rainwater. Likewise, the peat bog can be utilized more precisely, because at the end of the production it is possible to use only a surface-level lifting with a cutting drum. Likewise, the lump peat machine enables a lump shape that is advantageous in grate burning.

The invention will be explained in detail with reference to a preferred embodiment of the invention shown in the figures of the accompanying drawings, to which, however, the invention is not intended to be exclusively limited.

Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a piece peat machine according to the invention in a side view connected to a traction machine.

25

Figure 2 shows a top view of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows a peat peat machine according to the invention seen from the direction of travel.

Figure 5 shows a top view of Figure 4.

Fig. 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 5.

4 67226

Figure 7 shows a peat peat machine according to the invention seen from the middle hinge side.

In the embodiment according to Figures 1-3, the lump peat-5 machine according to the invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 10. In this embodiment, the lump peat machine 10 is coupled to a filter tractor generally indicated by reference numeral 20. The lump peat machine 10 includes a body 11, digging drill 12, cutting drum 13, transfer screw 14 , the necessary power transmission devices 16, 17 and 18 and the mixing tank 19.

10

As shown in Fig. 5, the body 11 preferably consists of a plurality of elements 11 'which are fastened to each other by means of a flange fastening 25. Of course, the elements 11' can also be fastened to one another in some other corresponding way. As shown in Fig. 6, the elements 11 'fastened to each other at the same time form housings for the drum press 15, the transfer screw 14 and the cutting drum 13.

The transfer screw 14 is preferably substantially smaller than the inner diameter of its housing over part of its entire length to allow return flow of the tur-20. The drum press 15 is a drum press similar to the tray feeder known per se. Likewise, the digging drill 12 and the cutting drum 13 are known per se in their operating principle.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the piece peat machine 10 is attached to the tractor 20 by a 3-point attachment. The lifting arms 21 and the pushing cylinder 22 are preferably movable independently of each other, which feature makes it possible to adjust the position of the return peat machine 10 both vertically and horizontally to the desired working position in order to obtain the best possible working result.

The operation of the piece peat machine 10 according to the invention is as follows. The digging drill 12 and the cutting drum 13 perform the removal, pre-processing and transfer of peat to the mixing tank 19. The transfer screw 14 transfers the pulp from the mixing tank 55 to the drum press 15. A drum press 15 acting like a tray feeder spreads the formed pieces on the production field to dry.

67226 By adjusting the position of the piece peat machine 10 by means of the lifting arms 21 and the pushing cylinder 22 and possibly by changing the cutting depth of the digging drill 12, the composition of the mass can be influenced within wide limits. For example, by tilting the cutting drum 13 according to Fig. 3, the relative proportion of the more decayed deep peat 23 in the pulp increases, while the proportion of the less decomposed surface peat 24 decreases.

In a preferred embodiment of the lump peat machine 10 according to the invention, the digging drill 12 is preferred! elemental structure, whereby the amount of deep peat 23 in the pulp, which is more sensitive to the earth-10, can be reduced by removing some of the elements from the digging drill 12. Natural! it is possible to carry out the adjustment of the digging drill 12 to take place steplessly while driving, e.g. by using suitable hydraulics.

In the initial stage of peat extraction, when the less degraded surface peat 24 is relatively the largest among the pulp to be treated, such surface peat 24 is fed by the cutting drum 13 more than is needed in the process to fill the pulp shortage in the middle. As peat production progresses, the amount of surface peat 24 decreases, whereby the above-mentioned 20 feeds can be reduced accordingly. At the same time, by reducing the working depth of the digging drill 12, a situation is reached at the end of production in which all the peat compressed by the drum press 15 is treated only by the cutting drum 13.

Since, in the embodiment according to Figures 4 and 5, the transmission to the gearboxes 16, 17, 18 takes place hydraulically, the rotational speeds of the various actuators of the return peat machine 10 can be adjusted. In this case, the relative rotational speed of the cutting drum 13 and the transfer screw 14 and the drum press 15 and the digging drill 12, respectively, can be changed, and in this way the degree of shaping of the pulp, the strength properties of the produced piece of peat, etc. are affected.

Some preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications may be made thereto within the scope of the inventive idea set out in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

6 67226 Pa t ent t u tua tuction s t A peat peat machine using peat peat as a raw material, in particular non-pre-dried peat, the fire peat machine (10) comprising a frame (11), peat lifting members (12, 13), transfer screw (14), drum press (15), power transmission devices (16) , 17,18) for the use of peat lifting members (12,13), transfer screw 5 (14) and drum press (15) and a mixing tank (19) if the peat lifting members (12,13) are adapted to perform the removal and transfer of peat to the mixing tank (19), a transfer screw (14) for transferring the mass from the mixing tank (19) to the drum press (15) and for pressing the mass of the drum press (15) into pieces and spreading the formed pieces 10 to the production field to dry, characterized in that the peat extraction members to mix the less decomposed surface peat (24) and the more decomposed deep peat (23) in a desired ratio to form the desired peat mass in each case. 15 Peat peat machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the peat lifting members (12, 13) consist of a digging drill (12) and a cutting drum (13), and that the rotational speeds of the digging drill (12), cutting drum (13) and drum press (15) are adjustable independently of each other. . Peat peat machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the digging depth of the digging drill (12) is adjustable. Peat machine according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the position of the body (11) of the pellet machine (10) is adjustable by means of the lifting arms (21) and the push cylinder (22) of the 3-point hitch of the towing vehicle (20). Piece peat machine according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cutting drum (13) is adapted to supply the required amount of peat to the mixing tank (19) in order to fill the mass deficit in the middle spindle of the production field. 7 67226 Piece peat machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the body (11) of the piece peat machine (10), the peat lifting members (12, 13), the transfer screw (14) and the drum press (15) are prefabricated parts (11 '). which are connected to each other by means of a flange attachment (25) or the like. s 67226