FI66889C - SAMMANSAETTNING FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV VAERMEISOLERINGSMATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

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Novoslobodskaya ulitsa, 73, Moscow, USSR (SU) (72) Vasily Pavlovich Mozhaev, Moscow, Ilya Yakovlevich Leichenko, Moscow,

Igor Alexandrovich Nazarov, Moscow, Viktor Alexeevich Trutnev, Moscow,

David Yakovlevich Usherenko, Kujbyshev, Dimitri Ivanovich Elizarov,

Kujbyshev, Adolf Petrovich Merkin, Moscow, Evgeny Semenovich Firskin,

Moscow, USSR (SU) (74) Oy Kolster Ab (54) Composition of materials for the production of thermal insulation material -

This invention relates to building materials and in particular to compositions for the production of thermal insulation materials.

The present invention is suitable for use in the manufacture of a thermal insulation layer for use in coverings and floors, multilayer protective panels, for the construction of pipelines for thermal insulation, and in refrigerators.

Compositions of materials are known in the art which contain a polymeric binder and a foaming and curing agent component and which are used for the production of thermal insulation materials, namely foams.

Foams based on a polymeric binder together with various porous fillers are known in the art. The addition of a mineral filler reduces polymer consumption and increases the thermal resistance of the material. It is known, for example, from a foam (Soviet Inventor's Certificate No. 321,531, 2,688,928 of 28 May 1966) »based on a thermosetting synthetic resin or a thermoplastic polymer together with an artificial porous filler. Expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, agg-logporite and finely divided expanded clay fraction meeting the following requirements are recommended for use as a porous filler: - the bulk density of the porous filler must not exceed twice the bulk density of the plastic; - the volume of the intergranular cavities must not be less than 45% by volume; - the porous filler must be partially ground so that 2 its specific surface area is between 1500 and 6000 cm / g.

Various mineral or organic fibers, for example asbestos, glass fibers or glass wool, are added to the foamed material composition to improve the physical-mechanical properties of said foam.

The disadvantage of the above-mentioned composition used for the production of the heat insulating agent is the increased bulk density, the high water absorption capacity and the insufficient strength.

For example, the use of finely divided expanded perlite as a porous filler and a phenol-formaldehyde polymer as a binder gives a thermal insulation material having a bulk density of 125 to 175 kg / cm 3, a strength of 1.5 to 3.0 kp / cm and a water absorption capacity of up to 12% by volume.

A combination of materials for the preparation of a thermal insulation material according to French Patent No. 2,025,310 is known in the art, which composition comprises a polymeric binder, a foaming and curing agent component and granules of a porous filler. This material combination has a bulk density of 150 to 250 kg / m 2, a compressive strength of 2.5 to 2 kp / cm, a thermal conductivity of 0.06 kcal / m x hour x degree and a water absorption capacity of 5 to 8%; it can be used in the temperature range 60-150 ° C.

This material does not meet the current requirements due to its high bulk density and high thermal conductivity, this requires an increase in the thermal insulation layer and the thickness of the structural elements.

It is an object of the present invention to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages.

3 66889

It is a primary object of the invention to provide a thermal insulation material comprising components having a low bulk density and a low thermal conductivity, thus ensuring a reduced bulk density and a reduced thermal conductivity of the material.

This object is achieved by the composition of the material used for the production of the thermal insulation material based on the polymeric binder, the foaming and curing agent component and the porous filler, using expanded water 1.4 to 14 expanded glass granules 90 to 28, and as a polymeric binder a phenolic formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type and in addition 18 to 230% by weight of water based on the dry weight of the resin.

The present invention provides a thermal insulation material having a bulk density of 60 to 150 kg / m 2, a compressive strength of 2 to 10 kp / cm, a heat conductivity of 0.04 to 0.05 kcal / m x hour x degree, and a water absorption capacity of 1 to 5% by volume. The consumption of the polymer is reduced because the bulk density, thermal conductivity and water absorption capacity are reduced 1.5 to 2 times compared to the known material, while the strength is increased.

According to the present invention, it is preferred that the composition of matter contains expanded granules of water glass having an average size of 2 to 10 3 2 mm, a bulk density of 40 to 80 kg / m 2 and a strength of 1 to 4 kp / cm.

The use of granules with the above-mentioned properties guarantees the excellent technical properties of the material.

Due to the use of said resin, the absorption capacity of the heat insulating agent decreases and the strength increases.

According to the present invention, it is preferred that the composition contains the following substances as a blowing and curing agent component (% by weight): aluminum powder with a specific surface area of 2.5 emulsifiers (mixture of polyethylene glycol esters of mono- and dialkylphenols), phenol, sulfuric acid, urea, formaldehyde a mixture of ortho-phosphoric acid in ratios of 1: 0.98: 0.57: 0.4: 0.41, respectively. 82.5 66889 Using said foaming and curing agent component, a substance having a low bulk density and curing rapidly can be obtained.

In order to better understand the objects and advantages of the present invention, a composition for preparing a thermal insulating agent will be illustrated below, and examples for achieving said composition will be provided.

It is proposed to use expanded granules of water glass as a porous filler in said composition of matter.

It has been found that it is advantageous to use expanded glass of water glass having an average size of 2 to 10 mm, a bulk density of 40 to 80 kg / m 2 and a strength of 1 to 4 kp / cm.

The expanded glass of water glass used according to the present invention having said properties can be obtained by known methods. For example, expanded granules of water glass can be prepared as follows.

Phase I. A mixture of water glass and fillers, for example diatomaceous earth or lime, is added dropwise to an aqueous solution of calcium chloride through a wire mesh and kept in solution until a layer has formed on the surface of the droplets to prevent them from sticking together. The resulting particles are separated from the solution and dried between 60 and 100 ° C.

II. step. The dried particles are swollen at a temperature above 200 ° C.

As the polymeric binder, various resins can be used in the composition, namely urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde and polyurethane. It has been found that it is preferable to use a phenol-formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type. It has been found that in order to reduce the bulk density of the thermal insulating agent based on a phenolic alcohol-type resin, it is necessary to add 18 to 230% of the weight of said resin.

A mixture of aluminum powder and acid can be used as a foaming and curing agent. For example, the blowing and curing agent component may contain 25% aluminum as a powder having a defined specific surface area, 38.5% emulsifier (a mixture of polyethylene glycol esters of mono- and dialkylphenols) and 36.5% a mixture containing benzenesulfonic acid, orthophosphoric acid and diethyl glycol in a ratio of 1: 0.33: 0.4, respectively.

66889 According to the present invention, it is proposed to use a foaming and curing agent component containing 2.5% by weight of aluminum (Al) as a powder having a defined specific surface area, 15% by weight of an emulsifier, namely polyethylene glycol esters of mono- and dialkylphenols, having the general formula: R _____

CrH-, -O (CH2 -CH_) O-H

_ ____6 3 2 2 n R1 where R is an alkyl radical containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms.

R 1 is R or H; n = 6-7 or n = 10-12.

In addition, the blowing and curing agent component contains 82.5% by weight of a mixture of phenol (C 6 H 2 -OH), sulfuric acid (i 2 SO 4), urea (urea), formaldehyde and orthophosphoric acid in a ratio of 1: 0.98: 0, respectively. 57: 0.4: 0.41.

Studies have shown that the optimal content (in% by weight) of the proposed composition of matter is as follows: polymeric binder 8.6-58 blowing and curing agent component 1.4-14 expanded water glass granules 28-90.

If the binder content is less than 8.6% by weight, the particles of the filler (expanded granules of water glass) do not get a coating on them, which reduces the strength of the heat insulating agent. A binder content of more than 58% by weight reduces the thermal resistance of the substance.

Adding less than 1.4% by weight of the blowing and curing component to the composition increases the bulk density of the resulting thermal insulation material, while amounts greater than 14% by weight reduce the strength of the material.

The technical method for preparing a thermal insulation material from the proposed material composition in the present invention comprises the following steps: dosing of the components; - mixing the aluminum powder with the emulsifier; - adding the resulting mixture to the polymeric binder, adding water, mixing; 6 66889 - adding a mixture of phenol, sulfuric acid, urea, formaldehyde and orthophosphoric acid in the ratios 1: 0.98: 0.57: 0.4: 0.41, respectively, to the prepared pulp; - pouring the obtained mixture with a polymeric binder together with the foaming and curing agent component into a mold with expanded granules of water glass; - maintaining the composition of the material in the mold during which foaming, filling of the cavities between the granules and hardening take place.

The heat insulating material obtained by this method has a bulk density of 3 2 60-150 kg / m, a compressive strength of 2-10 kp / cm, a thermal conductivity of 0.04 -0.05 kcal / m x hour x degree and a water absorption capacity of 1-5% by volume.

Example 1

A mixture of the binder and the blowing and curing agent component is prepared per m of thermal insulation agent, the components being added - 0.02 kg of aluminum powder is mixed with 0.12 kg of emulsifier; - the resulting mixture is mixed with a polymeric binder, namely with 5.2 kg of phenolic formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type and 12 liters of water; - 0.66 kg of the following mixture is added to the prepared mass: 0.02 kg of phenol, 0.191 kg of sulfuric acid, 0.114 kg of urea, 0.08 kg of formaldehyde and 0.081 kg of orthophosphoric acid.

The finished mixture of binder and foaming and curing agent component is poured into a mold with 54 kg of expanded glass granules of water glass, with a bulk density of 50 kg / m 3. The mold is then covered with a lid. After the material assembly has remained in the mold, the piece is unloaded from the mold and then samples are taken and tested. The obtained material has a bulk density of 60 kg / m, a compressive strength of 2.0 kp / cm and a thermal conductivity of 0.040 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Example 2

The composition is prepared according to the method described in Example 1 and using 16 kg of phenolic formaldehyde resin of the phenol alcohol type, 4 kg of a foaming and curing agent component, 24 kg of water, 60 kg of water glass expanded granules m per heat insulating material. The bulk density of the substance is 80 kg / m, the compressive strength is 3.5 kp / cm and the thermal conductivity is 0.042 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Example 3

The composition is prepared following the procedure described in Example 1 and using 35 kg of phenolic alcohol type phenol-formaldehyde resin, 12 kg of foaming and hardening component, 25 kg of water, 60 kg of water glass expanded granules with a volume weight of 3 of 60 kg / m per cubic meter of thermal insulation. The material obtained has a bulk density of 107 kg / m 3, a compressive strength of 6 kp / cm * and a thermal conductivity of 0.044 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Example 4

The composition is prepared following the procedure described in Example 1 and using 60 kg of phenol-formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type, 19.5 kg of a foaming and curing agent component, 23 kg of water and 51 kg of expanded glass granules with a bulk density of 50 kg / m 2. The obtained thermal insulation material has a bulk density of 130 kg / m, 2 compressive strengths of 8 kp / cm and a thermal conductivity of 0.048 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Example 5

The composition is prepared following the procedure described in Example 1 using 87 kg of phenolic formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type, 21 kg of a foaming and curing agent component, 16 kg of water and 42 kg of expanded glass granules with a bulk density of 3 3 of 40 kg / m 3. The volume obtained has a bulk density of 150 kg / m, a compressive strength of 2 10 kg / cm and a thermal conductivity of 0.050 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Example 6

The composition of the substance is prepared on the basis of urea-formaldehyde resin, which meets the following requirements: - the dry matter concentration is not less than 40%; - Ostvald viscosity 20 to 30 centipoise; - pH = 6.8-7; - free formaldehyde content not exceeding 3%.

The material composition is prepared using 100 kg of urea-formaldehyde resin, 41 kg of foaming and curing agent component, 51 kg of water glass 3 expanded granules with a bulk density of 50 kg / m, per cubic meter 3 per heat insulator. The volume weight of the obtained material is 132 kg / m, 2 compressive strength 9 kp / cm and the thermal conductivity coefficient 0.048 kcal / m x hour x degree.

8 66889

Example 7

The composition is prepared on the basis of a phenolic formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type using a mixture of aluminum powder, an emulsifier (a mixture of polyethylene glycol ester of mono- and dialkylphenols), benzenesulfonic acid and diethylene as a blowing and curing agent component.

A mixture of the binder and the blowing and curing agent component is prepared per m of heat insulating agent as follows: 3 kg of aluminum powder are mixed with 4.63 kg of emulsifier and the resulting mixture is mixed with a polymeric binder, namely 35 kg of phenolic alcohol-type phenolic formaldehyde kg of water; 4.37 kg of a mixture containing 2.54 kg of benzenesulfonic acid, 0.82 kg of orthophosphoric acid and 1.01 kg of diethylene glycol are added to the resulting mixture;

The finished mixture of binder and foaming and curing agent component is poured into a mold with 64 kg of expanded glass granules with a bulk density of 60 kg / m 2. The mold is then covered with a lid. After the material assembly has been kept in the mold, it is unloaded from the mold and then samples are taken and tested. The obtained substance has a bulk density of 110 kg / m, a compressive strength of 5 2 kp / cm and a thermal conductivity of 0.044 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Example 8

The composition is prepared following the procedure described in Example 7 and using 87 kg of phenol-formaldehyde resin of the phenol alcohol type, 5.25 kg of aluminum powder, 8.1 kg of emulsifier, 4.5 kg of benzenesulfonic acid, 1.5 kg of orthophosphoric acid, 1.65 kg of diethyl glycol, 16 kg water and 42 kg of water glass expanded granules.

3 2

The bulk density of the substance is 150 kg / m, the compressive strength is 8 kp / cm and the thermal conductivity is 0.05 kcal / m x hour x degree.

Claims (3)

9 66889 A composition for the preparation of a western insulating agent based on a polymeric binder, a foaming and curing agent component and a porous filler, characterized in that it contains, as a porous filler, expanded glass of water glass in terms of% by weight, expressed as% by weight: the blowing and curing agent component 1.4 to 14 water glass expanded granules 90 to 28 and that the polymeric binder is a phenol-formaldehyde resin of the phenolic alcohol type and further 18 to 230% by weight of said resin based on the dry matter. Material composition for the production of a thermal insulation material according to Claim 1, characterized in that it contains expanded glass of water glass with an average size of 2 to 10 mm, a bulk density of 40 to 80 kg / m 2 and a strength of 1 to 4 kp / cm. Material composition for the preparation of a thermal insulation agent according to Claim 1, characterized in that it contains the following compounds as a blowing and curing agent component (in% by weight): aluminum powder with a defined specific surface area of 2.5 emulsifiers - mono- and dialkylphenols a mixture of polyethylene niglycol esters 15.0 a mixture of phenol, sulfuric acid, urea, formaldehyde and orthophosphoric acid in the ratios 1: 0.98: 0.57: 0.4: 0.41 82.5, respectively