FI65532C - FOERFARANDE FOER FOERHINDRANDE AV SVAMPSJUKDOMAR HOS VAEXTER - Google Patents

Description

65532

This invention relates to a method for controlling fungal diseases in plants grown on a medium containing peat.

Efforts have been made to control plant diseases in greenhouses by disinfecting, changing the medium and carrying out various cultivation techniques during the growing season, as well as by using chemical control. So far, biological control has hardly been used for plant diseases at all.

However, some important plants, such as lettuce, cucumber and tomato, suffer from harmful soil-borne diseases which have not been controlled due to restrictions on use and withdrawal periods due to chemical pesticide residues or the lack of sufficiently effective preparations. If a biological control method could be developed and applied to such sites, it would therefore be a significant step forward for both the producer and the consumer.

There are already e.g. It is known from DK Publication 127,032, CH Patent Publication 475,712, DE Publication Nos. 1,181,981 and 1,181,982 to isolate an antibiotic produced by a fungus belonging to the genus Streptomyces and to use it as a fungistatic agent. However, the effect of this antibiotic is short-lived and ends when the antibiotic is depleted.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a ray fungal strain belonging to the genus Streptomyces which thrives in the culture medium or culture itself and is able to compete successfully with other microorganisms and continuously produce an antibiotic.

It has now surprisingly been found that the addition of strains of the genus Streptomyces ATCC 39271, 39272 and 39273 belonging to the genus Streptomyces to a medium or culture can effectively control both soil and seed-borne diseases.

65532

Radius fungal strains belonging to the genus Streptomyces used in the method according to the invention have been found e.g. peat and can be isolated from peat by conventional methods.

The Streptomyces fungal strain isolated from peat can be added to the medium as an aqueous suspension, for example by spraying. The aqueous suspension then preferably contains at least about 100,000 spores per milliliter. The application rate is preferably at least 2 1 dl / m. Alternatively, the seeds may be soaked in an aqueous suspension prior to sowing.

The Streptomyces strains of the invention either inhibit the function of diseases in the seed or limit their spread from a diseased to a healthy seedling.

This good fungistatic property is clearly evident in the biological control of plant diseases when, after disinfection, peat containing the Streptomyces fungal strain is added to the medium, which makes the medium useful for the use of microbiota. Figures 1 and 2 show this effect when the pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum anemia.

The method according to the invention takes advantage of the fungistatic properties of the Streptomyces fungal strain present in peat. This Streptomyces fungal strain has been shown to be an effective growth inhibitor e.g. for the following pathogens: Alternaria brassicicola, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum, Helminthosporium sativum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phoma exicue var.exicue, P. exicue var. foveata, Pythium spp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea.

The invention is described in more detail below by means of examples.

Example 1

Alternaria and Rhizoctonia seedlings of cabbage were effectively controlled by seed fungus treatment. Table 1 shows the fungistatic properties of different Streptomyces fungal strains.

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table 1

Effect of different Streptomyces fungal strains as seed treatment on cabbage seed-spreading seedling burning.

Seed contamination of Alternaria brassicicola Fungus Propagation Healthy and viable strain at end of experiment ATCC 39271 91 84 ATCC 39272 107 78 Diseased seed alone 16 3 Healthy seed 100 100

There are individual differences in different radial fungal strains. For different diseases and plants, the best result varied according to the treatment method and dilution. For example, cabbage achieved the most effective result as seed treatment, but barley as soil treatment.

Growing Streptomyces fungi under laboratory conditions is rapid, effortless, and inexpensive. Radial fungi grow and spread quickly and efficiently, for example in a peat substrate, either by spraying the seed layer or inoculated with the seed.

About 2-3 weeks after inoculation, white, calcareous vegetation can be observed on the surface of the peat and also in the interior. It is a Streptomyces fungus whose surprising effect on harmful plant pathogens is based on this invention.

Below are a few additional examples that illustrate the surprisingly observed effect of Streptomyces strains on harmful plant diseases.

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Example 2

In the control of the seedling, Altemaria brassicicola, excellent results are obtained with ray mushrooms. The studies compared the efficiencies of 12 strains with contaminated cauliflower seedlings with both seed and soil treatments. Strain ATCC 39271 had the most even power and always at the top positions.

Seedling -% / Health% _Seed treatment Soil treatment

Healthy seeds 89.8 / 89.8 89.8 / 89.8

Control (infectious) 14.7 / 5.6 14.7 / 5.6 Fungal strain ATCC 39271 81.4 / 71.1 52.8 / 35.0

Seed treatment was more efficient than soil treatment.

When comparing the antifungal aqueous suspension to the antifungal nutrient solution suspension, no major differences were observed with the concentrated solutions. But when the solutions are diluted already, the efficiency of the aqueous suspension decreases, while the effect of the nutrient-containing solution remains almost unchanged when still diluted 10 ~ ®. No differences in potency can be observed if the fungus is pre-grown on nutrient agar or taken directly from the growth solution. If strains of different potencies are mixed together, the result is usually consistent with the potency of the weaker strain.

Example 3

Lettuce seedlings were sprayed just prior to planting with Streptomyces fungal suspension ATCC 39271 (ca. 1 ml / seedling). The part was subjected to two further treatments later.

The two rows were alternately contaminated (with an automatic pipette around the base) with Botrytis cinerea or Rhizoctonia solan, alternately without contamination. The latter disease strain was so weakened that there were little differences in the experiment, but Botrytis significantly reduced the disease and improved the yield for unpolluted rows as well.

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Disease (Index 0-3) * / yield (kg / square) _

Botrytis cinerea Control Seedlings treated Seedlings treated _______ + 2 additional treatments

20 infected plants / square 2.22 / 2.2 1.45 / 2.8 1.43 / 3.0

Adjacent plants 30 pcs / box 0.93 / 4.7 0.63 / 5.1 0.48 / 5.2 * 0 = healthy 3 = marketable

Example 4

A clear protective effect on throat root diseases (mainly Fusarium oxysporum) was observed with strain ATCC 39271. Planting was done by spraying on the surface of peat at the root of the throat.

Untreated Treated

Nationality: index 0-3 1.37 1.07

Health% 32 50

Example 5

The effect of the ray fungus strain ATCC 39271 belonging to the genus Streptomyces on the control of strawberry gray skirt was tested by spraying the strawberry variety Senga Sengana three times during the harvest year with a 1% aqueous solution of the above-mentioned ray fungus strain, calculated from the nutrient solution suspension. The yield was harvested 8 times and the yield is expressed in kg / ha in the table below. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

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65532 7 "Ronilan" is a commercial product containing the active substance vinclozolin. "Euparen" is a commercial product containing the active substance diclofluamide.

It is seen that strawberry seedlings sprayed with an aqueous suspension of the ray fungus strain ATCC 39271 yielded not only a more abundant crop but also more healthy strawberries.

Example 6

The effect of Streptomyces strain fungus strain ATCC 39271 on grain yield was studied by culturing Karri barley seeds, which were first soaked in an aqueous suspension of the above fungus and then dried. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

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It can be seen from the table above that treatment of barley seeds with an aqueous suspension of the radish fungus strain according to the invention improved the yield in all the cases studied.

Example 7

Finally, the anti-disease effect of Streptomyces strains ATCC 39271, ATCC 39272 and ATCC 39273 on a nutrient medium against various fungal diseases was studied. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

Table 4

Disease inhibitory effect of Streptomyces isolates ATCC 39271, ATCC 39272 and ATCC 39273 in culture experiments on nutrient medium against various fungal diseases.

*

Test fungus Inhibitory effect, 0-3 ATCC 39271 ATCC 39272 ATCC 39273 Phomopsis sclerotioides 112

Pythium ultimum 0 1 1

Rhizoctonia solani 313 * 0 = ineffective, 1 = moderate, 2 = intense, 3 = very intense.

Formulation and storage

One useful method for preparing an aqueous suspension containing Streptomyces strains is to separate and homogenize the broth grown in nutrient solution in sterilized water. The suspension is then centrifuged and the moist spore mass is stored in a plastic bag. When a plastic bag is used, the contents are suspended in water.

When studying the effect of storage temperature, it was found that storing fungal spores in distilled water or physiological saline does not cause storage problems for 1/2 year at -20 ° C, + 4 ° C or + 20 ° C.

A petri dish with radish fungi contains about 10 ^ ® spores, which, for example, suspended in 5 dl of water is sufficient for the immersion of a couple of cabbage seeds (300 g seeds / ha).

The microorganism strains according to the invention have been registered on 11 November 1982 in the International Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under the Budapest Treaty, address: 12301 Parklawn Drive Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA and have been assigned accession numbers 39271, 39272 and 39273.

Claims (8)

65532 A method for controlling fungal diseases in plants, characterized in that Streptomyces strains ATCC 39271, ATCC 39272 and / or ATCC 39273 are added to the medium or culture. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Streptomyces ray mushroom strain isolated from peat is added as an aqueous suspension to the medium. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Streptomyces fungal strain isolated from peat is added as an aqueous suspension of at least about 100,000 spores / ml. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the aqueous suspension is applied at a rate of at least 1 dl / m or the seeds are irrigated in an aqueous suspension. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that steamed peat is used as the growing medium. A method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the Streptomyces fungus strain isolated from peat is separated after growth and washed into a clean mass packed in a resealable plastic bag, about 1 g / bag, from which a washing solution is prepared by mixing the contents with about 1 dl of water. A method for determining the value of a method of transmitting, including the conditions of the ATCC 39271, ATCC 39272 and / or ATCC 39273, comprising the streptomyces for the purpose of obtaining a solution.