FI59859B - VERTICAL SEPARATOR - Google Patents

Description

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Patent ceddolat (51) Kv.ik.3 / Int.ci.3 F 22 B 37/26 ENGLISH —FI N LAN D <*) Patent application - Patentans & knlng 751080 (22). Hakemispilvi - Aruöknlngtdag 10 ·. 75 (23) AlkupUvl —Gllttgheudai 10. (A. 75 (41) Become public - Bllvlt offentllg. 10.76

Patents · and registries ...,,. , __,.

• (44) Date of Nihtivikslpanon and audible publication. -

Patent and registration authorities Aniökan utlagd och uti.akriftan publleerad 30.06.8l (32) (33) (31) Pyy1 · ** / privilege — Begird priority (71) (72) Lev Nikolaevich Artemov, ulitsa Pravdy, 2la, kv. UU, Podolsk,

Anatoly Fedorovich Bakanov, ulitsa Ordshnonikidze 13, kv. 1 + 0, Podolsk, Anatoly Arkadievich Bilyavsky, ulitsa Entuziastov, 12, kv. 1, Podolsk, Vera Evdokimovna Gorodnitsyna, ulitsa Filippova Ua, kv. 70, Podolsk, Evgenia Dmitrievna Elkina, ulitsa Lensoveta 62, building 1, sq. M. 26, Leningrad, Valery Ivanovich Manaenkov, ulitsa Generala Ermolova, L, kv. 5, Moscow, Lyudmila Nikolaevna Polynskaya, ulitsa Mashinostroitelei 28b, kv. 58, Podolsk, Jury Leonidovich Sorokin, ulitsa Zapadnaya 12, kv. 11, Leningrad, Anatoly Zakharovich Taran, ulitsa Entuziastov 3, kv. 18, Podolsk, Evgeny Alexeevich Fadeev, Sevanskaya ulitsa 7, building 1, sq. Km. 6L, Moscow, USSR (SU) (7M Oy Kolster Ab (5M Vertical Separator - Vertical separator

The present invention relates to the production of thermal power, and more particularly to vertical separators.

The present invention can be used to separate wet steam, i.e. in steam power plants with turbines using saturated steam as a working medium, in the form of independent separators or as part of a separator-reheater placed between the high and low pressure blocks of the steam turbine.

The invention can also be used in the chemical, petrochemical or other industries where a high degree of liquid-gas separation of the phases is required.

A straight vertical steam separator comprising a cylindrical jacket is known in the art. The interior of the jacket is divided by a partition to separate the wet steam space and the dry steam space. For wet pre-cleaning, the wet steam room has nozzles fitted to the bottom of the jacket. The nozzles are spaced apart to form passages for wet steam.

In the space formed between the inner surface of the jacket and the outer surface of the nozzles, a separating block is arranged, which vertically 2,5859 comprises all the nozzles. The separation block comprises a series of ventilation slots which are radial in direction and delimit the steam ducts. In order to form a uniform ventilation gap load, the separation unit is enclosed within a perforated jacket which vertically comprises the entire unit.

During operation of the steam separator, wet steam is fed to the nozzles at high speed. Coarse mist is separated in the nozzles. The steam flowing in the nozzle channels changes direction. Coarse mist falls down due to continuity and gravity. The wet steam then flows at low speed into the ventilation slot of the separation block. As it flows through the ventilation ducts, fine mist deposits on the walls of the ventilation gap and falls down due to new changes in the flow direction. The final separation of the steam has thus been completed.

It is generally known that the permeability of the separator depends on the area of the ventilation gap. Therefore, the permeability of the known separator is low due to the small area of the ventilation gap.

Attempts to increase the permeability of the separator led to the development of a vertical steam vent gap separator with a cylindrical jacket. The housing is housed with two partition walls spaced apart and normally mounted on the shaft of the jacket so as to divide the interior of the jacket into a wet steam space and a dry steam space. The separation blocks are arranged concentrically in the space between the partition walls, each unit comprising a series of ventilation slots which form steam channels. To provide a uniform load on the vent gap, each separation block is positioned at the full height between the two perforated sheaths. The separating blocks with their perforated casings are installed in such a way that annular steam channels are formed. The annular ducts which distribute the wet steam and the ducts which remove the dry steam alternate in the radial direction. Each partition wall has openings for the passage of steam.

During operation of the steam separator, wet steam is drawn in through ducts in the first partition wall in the direction of the wet-steam flow into the annular supply ducts and then through openings in the perforated jackets steam is admitted to the ventilation gap of the adjacent separation block. Wet steam flows along the ducts of the ventilation gap, where mist separates into the walls of the ventilation gap due to repeated changes in the direction of flow and flows downwards, while dry steam exits the separation blocks through the openings in the ruptures and enters the annular exhaust ducts.

In each annular duct, the axial velocity of the steam and its static pressure change with height, thus resulting in a non-uniform vertical loading of the ventilation gap.

It is known that not only a low average velocity in the ventilation gap is sufficient to achieve efficient separator operation but a uniform velocity field should also be achieved, as a local increase in velocity (above the critical value) leads to mist leaching from the ventilation gap, which is unacceptable.

In the known separator, it is not possible to generate a uniform steam velocity and static pressure at different points in the height of the separation block, which means that there is no uniform velocity field because the cross-sectional areas of the channels for steam remain constant throughout the separation unit height. The steam velocity and static pressure are different at different heights of the annular channel, resulting in non-uniform vertical loading of the separation block, which is very inefficient to use the separation surface because not only average velocity but also local velocities should be kept below critical values.

Therefore, non-uniform vertical loading of the separation unit results in lower throughput of known steam separators.

A vertical vent gap separator is known in the art.

This known separator comprises a cylindrical jacket in which concentrically mounted separator blocks are arranged, which are in the form of a group of ventilation slots forming steam channels. In order to obtain a uniform vertical load of the ventilation slot, each separation block is provided with a guide vane at its entire height at the steam inlet steam inlet, and perforated plates are mounted at the outlet out of the steam ventilation slot. The control vanes are also used to pre-separate the mist. In addition, to balance the load on the ventilation gap, the space between adjacent units is vertically divided by a conical partition. The space between the inner surface of the jacket and the outer surface of the separation block on the side of the guide vanes also comprises a conical partition wall concentric with the jacket to balance the load on the ventilation slots.

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The space between the conical separating wall and the surface of the separating block on the side of the guide vanes forms a channel for supplying wet steam to said separating block. The space between the same conical wall and the surface of the adjacent separation block on the side of the perforated plate defines a channel for removing dry steam from said vibrating separation block.

Each separation block has vertical sections for drying the moisture that has settled in the ventilation gap and an annular collection chamber mounted on the bottom under the separation block. Each part is connected to an annular collection chamber.

The interior of the jacket is divided into wet and dry steam compartments on the surfaces of the upper end of the separation blocks, conical partitions, annular collecting channels and on the side of the plates perforated on the surface of the separation blocks.

During operation of the vertical vent gap separator, wet steam is fed to a wet steam distribution duct where the almost constant axial velocity and static pressure of the wet steam are maintained due to the vertically changing cross-sectional area. Steam is then fed to the guide vanes to change the flow direction from the axial to the radial direction toward the center region of the separator. Thus, about 50% of the wet steam mist is separated, which flows down into the annular collection channels. The wet steam is then fed into the vent. Wet steam flows along the vents of the vent, where mist deposits on the walls of the vent due to repeated changes in flow direction and flows down the vertical sections to the annular collecting ducts, and steam dried in the vent flows through openings in the perforated plate into dry steam separation ducts.

The dry steam outlet duct maintains an almost constant axial velocity and static pressure due to the variation in the cross-sectional area of the duct. The constant static pressure and axial velocity of the steam in the distribution and exhaust ducts cause the vertical load of the ventilation gap to be uniform. Dry steam is fed from the exhaust duct to the user.

The upright vent gap separator described above has a small specific vent area per unit volume of the separator because large spaces take no part between the inner surface of the jacket and the conical surface of the casing 5 59859 facing the inner surface of the jacket, as well as the conical surface extending along the jacket axis between. As a result, in large-capacity steam power plants operating in low pressure ranges, i.e. at high volume flow rates and steam velocity as it enters the vent below the critical value to achieve efficient steam drying, the separator is clumsy and heavy and has large vapor spaces that are unacceptable for safe turbine operation that can operate at overspeed after shut-off valve operation.

It is an object of the invention to reduce the size of the separator while maintaining its permeability and the quality of the separation, whereby the wear of the metal on the structure of the separator is reduced and the cost of the separator is reduced.

These and other objects of the invention are carried out by a vertical separator according to the invention for drying wet gas, which separator comprises a cylindrical jacket provided with an inlet pipe for introducing wet gas and a dry gas outlet pipe mounted concentrically with the jacket and thus forming a space divided by a partition. with openings for forming a moist gas space provided with separating blocks for separating wet gas into moisture and dry gas, the separating blocks having guide vanes for pre-separating the moisture and evenly loading the ventilation slots for the final separation of moisture, said perforated plate load, and a dry gas space communicating with the interior of the exhaust pipe, said vertical separator being characterized in that the separating blocks are arranged radially and each is provided with degassing means, are located in the space between adjacent separation units, around the gas channel in the partition wall and formed of a square plate one side of which is attached along its entire side to the radially upper edge of the separation unit on the perforated plate side and the opposite side of which is fixed at a sufficient distance to the partition wall of a triangular plate, the shortest side of which is attached to the partition along its entire length, the other side is attached to the vertical edge of the perforated plate of the separating unit along its entire length, and the third, longest side is attached to the third side of a square plate of full length. the fourth side of the square plate is attached to the second vertical edge of the perforated plate along its entire length.

Such a structure of separator blocks and degassing means allows a larger separator surface to be placed in the same separator volume due to the absence of large separator components outside the separator and the fact that the ventilation slots are uniformly loaded in approximately constant axial velocity and static medium pressure through changes in free channel area; also the liquid drains completely to the partition.

The openings for the gas läpimenemiseksi the partition wall is preferably made of a sector shape, one side of which relates to the separation block of the output side of the wall defining the lower edge of the radial gas outlet means, one associated with the shortest side of a square plate, and the third page associated with the lower edge of a square plate.

Such a structure of the gas passage opening in the partition wall allows the formation of the lowest possible aerodynamic resistance to the gas outlet from the separation block, since almost the entire available cross-sectional area between the adjacent separation blocks has been used for gas outflow, i. the lowest possible gas outlet rate has been achieved.

The partition is preferably made in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base enclosing the tube and the larger base joining the inner surface of the jacket.

This structure of the partition wall allows a complete and easy drainage of the liquid along the surface to be carried under gravity.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood from the following description of a specific embodiment of the invention made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a vertical separator according to the invention, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in Figure 1. , Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a line taken along line VV of Fig. 3. Cross-sectional view taken along VI-VI.

The vertical separator according to the invention, which is intended to be used for separating the liquid-gas mixture, comprises a cylindrical jacket 1 (Fig. 1) with an inlet pipe 2 for the entry of wet steam. The jacket 1 has a pipe 3 concentric with it, which pipe terminates in the outlet pipe 4. The pipe 3 and the outlet pipe 4 function to remove dry steam.

The tubes 3 and the inner surface of the jacket 1 delimit an annular space 5 divided by a partition wall 6 into a wet steam space 7 and a dry steam space 8, the latter communicating with the interior of the tube 3.

The partition 6 is made in the form of a truncated cone for complete and easy drainage of the liquid along an angled surface, and has openings 9 (Fig. 2) for dry steam. The smaller bottom of the partition wall 6 surrounds the tube 3, and the larger bottom joins the inner surface of the jacket 1.

State 7 has identical separation blocks 10 (Fig. 1). The separation blocks 10 extend in the radial direction (see Fig. 3), and each block has a dry steam removal device 11 located in the space between the adjacent blocks 10 and comprising openings 9 in the partition wall 6 (Fig. 2). This arrangement of the blocks 10 (Fig. 3) makes it possible to provide a larger separation surface with the same volume of the separator due to the lack of large spaces in the separator which do not take part in operation. The separation unit 10 comprises the following parts: guide vanes 12 (Fig. 4), a ventilation slot 13 defining steam through-points 14 (Fig. 5), a perforated plate 15 (Fig. 4), downcomers 16 and a downcomer 17, in which There are 18 openings.

The guide vanes 12 act to pre-separate the mist and, in addition, together with the perforated plate 15, provide a uniform vertical load of the ventilation gap 59359 8. The vent gap 13 is intended for the final separation of the mist, and the downcomers 16 act to collect and direct the mist accumulated on the vent gap 13 to the downcomer 17 through the openings 18.

The degassing means 11 (Fig. 3) are formed of a torn plate 15 (Fig. 6), a bent square plate 20 and a triangular plate 19. One side of the rectangular plate is attached along its entire length to the radial upper edge 21 of the separating block 10 from the perforated plate 15 side. The opposite side of the rectangular plate 20 is fixed along its entire length to the partition wall 6 at a sufficient distance to drain away the moisture separated on the wings 12 of the adjacent separating block 10 and deposited on the walls of the housing 1, pipe 3 and degassing means 11. The triangular plate 19 is attached to the partition wall 6 on its shortest side, to the vertical edge of the plate 15 torn on one side and to the third side of the rectangular plate 20 on the longest side. The fourth side of the rectangular plate 20 is attached to the second vertical edge of the torn plate 15 along its entire length. With the structure of the dry steam removal device (Fig. 3) being such a square plate 20 (Fig. 6), the space between adjacent separating blocks divides the second separating block 10 into the distribution piping 22 and the second separating block 1 into the collecting piping 23. pressure in the manifold 22 and manifold 23 due to the varying cross-sectional area, i. a uniform vertical load of the ventilation gap 13 of the separation block 10 is achieved.

The through-openings 9 for dry steam (Fig. 2) in the partition wall 6 are made in the shape of a sector. The segment sides one associated with the separation block 10, the outlet side of the bottom, radial (FIG. 1), which comprises a perforated plate 15 (FIG. 3), the second associated with the triangular plate shortest side (FIG. 6), and the third page is relevant to a square plate twisted 20 at the bottom. With this structure of the opening for dry steam (Fig. 2), almost the entire available cross-sectional area between the two adjacent separation blocks 10 (Fig. 1) has been used to remove dry steam. This results in the lowest possible aerodynamic resistance to the steam outlet from the separation block due to the lowest possible dry steam outlet rate.

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An annular collector 24 with a tube 25 for draining the mist is formed to collect the accumulated mist. The collector 24 is formed in the pipe 3 below the partition wall 6.

The vertical separator described above operates as follows: The wet steam flows along the inlet pipe 2 (Fig. 1) and enters the wet steam space 7 of the annular space, from where it flows to the distribution pipelines 22 of the separation blocks 10 (Fig. 6). In the distribution piping 22, the axial velocity and static pressure of the wet steam are maintained almost constant due to the varying cross-sectional area with the height of the separation block 10. Steam is then fed to change the flow direction of the guide vanes 12 (Fig. 4) from a vertical top-down direction to a horizontal direction. Thus, up to 50% of the mist contained in the wet steam is separated to flow down to the partition 6 (Fig.

1) and then to the annular collector 24. The steam is then passed into the ventilation slot 13 (Fig. 4), where the final drying takes place. Wet steam flows along ducts 14 (Fig. 5) where mist deposits on the walls of the ventilation gap 13 (Fig. 4) due to repeated changes in flow direction and flows down to the downcomers 16 and then to the downcomer 17 through the openings 18 and the annular collector 24 (Fig. 1), and the dry steam flows out through the openings in the perforated plate 15 (Fig. 4) to the collecting piping 23 (Fig. 6), where it changes its flow direction from a horizontal top-down flow direction. Due to the varying cross-sectional area, the collection piping maintains an almost constant axial velocity and static pressure of the steam. The steam is then fed through the openings 9 in the partition wall 6 (Fig. 2) to the dry steam space 8, and from here it is removed from the separator through the interior of the pipe 3 and through the outlet pipe 4.

The mist accumulated in the annular collector 24 is also discharged from the separator via a pipe 25.

Claims (3)

A vertical separator for drying humid gas comprising a cylindrical housing (1) provided with an inlet pipe (2) for introducing humid gas and a dry gas drain pipe (3) mounted coaxially with the housing (1). and thereby defining a space (5) which is divided by a partition (6) with openings (9) for forming a space (7) for humid gas provided with separation blocks (10) for separating humid gas in moisture and dry gas and which separating blocks (10) have guide vanes (12) for primary separation of the moisture and uniform loading of ventilation slots (13) intended for final separation of the moisture, a perforated ply (15) which maintains a uniform load on said ventilation slots (13) and a dry gas space (8) which communicates with the interior of the drain pipe, characterized in that the separating blocks (10) are arranged radially and each of them is provided with gas discharge means (11) located in space between adjacent separation blocks around a gas duct (9) in the partition (6) and which are formed by a square ply (20) whose one side is fixed along the total length at the radial upper edge of the separation block (10) on the side of the perforated plate (15) the opposite side is fixed along the total length at the intermediate wall (6) at a sufficient distance for the drainage of the moisture separated by the guide wings (12) of the adjacent separation block (10), and by a triangular shape (19) in which the shortest side is fixed along the total length at the intermediate wall (6), another side fixed along the total length at the vertical edge of the perforated plate (15) of the separation block, and the third, the longest side fixed along the total length at the third side of the square plate (20). ), the fourth side of which is fixed along the total length at the second vertical edge of the perforated plate (15). Vertical separator according to claim 1, characterized in that gas discharge openings (9) in the intermediate wall (16) are in the form of a sector, one of the sides of the sector joining the lower radial edge of the perforated space of the separation block (15). side joins the shortest side of the triangular plate (19) and the third side joins the lower edge of the square plate (20). Vertical separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition (6) comprises a truncated cone, whose smaller base encloses the tube and whose larger base adjoins the inner surface of the housing.