FI59481B - RELEASE OF THE FOLLOWING PLATE WITHOUT UPDATING - Google Patents

Description

R35F1 Μ (11) EXPLANATION Q.ft1 m YY UTLÄGCNINGSSKRIFT 5 ^ 4 01

Paten * e.edrfelat ^ '^ (51) Kv.ik.Wa.3 F 24 J 5/02 SUOMI — FINLAND (21) PK ^ ttlh »k * mu« -Htt «a» »eki * ing 801081 (22 ) 03.04.80 'rf / (23) AlkupAivl — GiMghuudag 03-04.80 (41) Tullut | ullcl * uk * l — Blhrtt affuntllg haottl. |. r «ki» tTlh * IUtw (44) N «MWW». | .l »lNltol», w_, „

Mwt> och raglftcratyralMn Af »0 * un utlagd och utl.tkrtftun puMtccnd 30.04.8l (32) (33) (31) Bjryduttr utuolkuu * —tuglrd prior ** (71) (72) Heikki Tapio Teittinen, Soukankuja 2 B 02360 Espoo 36, Suomi-Finl and (ΓΙ) (74) Seppo Laine (54) Solar energy utilization scheme for heating buildings -

The present invention relates to an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 for utilizing solar energy in the heating of buildings.

Methods and structures for utilizing solar energy using heat collectors, heat storage and heat transfer means are already known. The disadvantage of these previously known structures is that they require a separate accumulator and a separate heat storage, and often in addition a separate heat transfer member. These separate devices are functionally interconnected by heat transfer media, requiring separate recycling and control devices. Because of this complexity, previously known devices are expensive and uneconomical to use because they also require external energy and maintenance.

One previous solution is shown schematically in Figure 1. In it, a solar radiation collector 1 arranged on the roof of a building collects solar energy. This energy is transferred in a medium flowing in the piping 2, e.g. water, oil or air. The flow is maintained by a pump, fan or similar device 5 «which requires electricity to operate 2 59481. The automatic control 4 regulates the operation of the pump or fan 3. Energy storage 5 »e.g. a water or salt accumulator, ceramic mass or the like, stores the extra energy available during the day and releases it at night. The second medium piping 6 transfers energy from the accumulator 5 to the applications. The second pump or fan 7 maintains the circulation of this medium and needs electricity to operate in the same way. The heat transfer member 8, e.g. a radiator, then transfers heat to the room. Thermal insulation 9 in the wall of the building slows down the heat transfer out »

A structure is also known in which a glass plate is arranged on the base layer at some distance, in which case the intervening air heated by solar energy was allowed to circulate in order to provide convection heating.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the previous solutions and to provide a completely new type of energy recovery arrangement.

This object can be achieved by an arrangement according to the invention, which is based on the following ideas:

- exploits the so-called a greenhouse phenomenon in which solar radiation passes through the outermost layer, e.g., glass, and is absorbed into the absorption layer, which emits thermal radiation from the original at a changed wavelength that is poorly transmitted by the outermost layer. In this case, the temperature of the absorption layer rises.

- The inner surface of the building wall is used as the heat transfer element.

- A kind of thermal orientation principle is applied.

More specifically, the embodiment according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is set out in claim 1.

The invention provides considerable advantages. Thus, the arrangement according to the invention is easy to construct and use.

In addition, it is completely independent of the supply of external energy (e.g. electricity) and requires little maintenance. Furthermore, the structures and insulation included in the arrangement dry out in use, which further improves their insulation capacity.

The invention will now be examined in more detail by means of an exemplary embodiment according to the accompanying drawing Figure 2.

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Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of one arrangement according to the invention.

The structure according to Figure 2 comprises an outermost glass, plastic or other similar surface plate 10 which transmits the sun's thermal radiation. The actual wall structure 13, which may be e.g. concrete or aerated concrete, is coated on its outer surface on the side of the surface plate 10 with an absorption layer 11, which is preferably dark in color. The absorption layer 11 absorbs the heat radiation entering through the surface plate 10, whereby part of the heat is transferred by conduction to the wall 13.

Some of the heat is converted into radiation of a different wavelength from the original. Now that the surface plate 10 is made of a material which transmits such radiation poorly but very well to the sun, much of this radiation energy is returned to the absorption layer 11, where it is due to the wall 13 * The air gap 12 prevents heat transfer from the absorption layer 11 to the surface plate 10. would transfer heat by convection from the absorption layer 11 to the surface plate 10. For this reason, it is important that the movement of air in the air gap 12 is kept to a minimum, so that even heat losses are kept to a minimum. This is achieved by ribs 14 or the like arranged between the surface plate 10 and the absorption layer 11, which form e.g. compartment-like structures in the air gap.

The wall 13 must be massive so that it can also store heat and at the same time be heat insulating. Such a wall is, for example, a lightweight concrete wall, a very thick stone structure wall or a composite wall formed by stone structure and insulation layers.

For example, a wall structure according to the invention, in which the wall 13 of lightweight gravel concrete has a thickness of about 300 mm and an air gap of about 30 mm, corresponds to a conventional wall structure with a thickness of about 200 mm about 35 mm. In this case, the insulation capacity of both wall structures is approximately equal (k «0.3 W / πΓ ° C) during the sunless period (at night in mid-winter). From this it is found that the wall structure according to the invention does not have to be substantially thicker than a conventional wall structure which has no actual solar heat recovery capacity.

The substances selected within the scope of the invention, their thicknesses and other dimensions can, of course, vary, and the best results in different cases are obtained only by means of experiments. It should also be noted that, for example, the absorption layer is not necessarily a separate layer from the wall 13, but may be the outer surface of the wall 13 itself, which is preferably dark in color. The gap 12 also does not have to be only air-filled, but can be filled with e.g. light-transmitting insulation, such as glass wool or foam glass. Alternatively, the gap 12 may be a vacuum gap.

Claims (11)

An arrangement for utilizing solar energy for heating buildings, the arrangement comprising - a surface plate (10) which essentially transmits solar thermal radiation but not much radiation of a second wavelength in the other direction, - an absorption layer (11) spaced from the surface plate (10). ) inside it and which absorbs at least part of the heat radiation passing through the surface plate (10), and - the space (12) between the surface plate (10) and the absorption layer (11), characterized in that - the absorption layer (11) is in contact with the actual wall structure ( 13) in order to transfer its heat to it, and the intermediate space (12) is provided with means (14) for preventing convection in the intermediate space (12). Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the absorption layer (11) is a separate layer in contact with the wall structure (13). An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that said members are ribs (14) dividing the compartment (12) into compartments or compartments or the like. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorption layer (11) is a layer obtained by coating the outer surface of the wall structure (13). Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the absorption layer (11) is the outer layer * of the wall structure (13) itself. 5 59481 An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (12) is a vacuum space. Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (12) is filled with gas, e.g. air. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate space (12) is at least partially filled with an insulating material. Arrangement according to Claim 8, characterized in that the insulating material is a transparent or translucent material, e.g. glass wool or foam glass. 6 59481 Arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wall structure (13) is made of a solid and at the same time heat-insulating material, e.g. concrete or aerated concrete. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface plate (10), the intermediate space (12), the members (14) and the absorption layer (11) form a unitary structure, e.g. a cell plate. 59481 7