FI58975B - SOLVAERME UPPSAMLANDE ELEMENT - Google Patents

Description

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C Patent i. * Published 11 05 1031

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Suomi-Fin leua d (FI) (5I +) Solar heat collecting element - Solvärme uppsamlande element

There are many solutions for collecting, storing and utilizing solar energy. The invention relates to · collection and is intended to provide a cheap, practical and easy-to-manufacture solar heat trapping element, of the type in which heat is bound in a liquid or gas flowing in the element.

2,58975 s In this type of element, the temperature of the medium is raised by the sun. They are made of glass, steel plastic and other materials in such a way that the material and manufacturing costs of solar energy collecting surface area kbhti are unnecessarily high. Their energy collecting property can be very good, their materials can be easily available, their temperature can be remarkably high, as in some types with mirrors or lenses, and have other good individual properties. On the other hand, in view of the manufacturing, transport, installation and operating costs, they are not particularly advantageous as a whole and are not always sufficiently suitable for use with other devices, such as accumulators and heat pumps. For example, eleriTents that use air as their medium are often leak-proof and the medium is in contact with the outside air, from which the transferred moisture can adversely adhere to the accumulator or the heat pump evaporator. The element according to the invention is the most advantageous considering the aspects described above and can be placed, for example, as a water roof directly on top of thermal insulation. The characteristic features of the element according to the invention are set out in the main claim.

The appearance of the element is such that its body is a corrugated sheet metal, e.g. galvanized steel sheet or anodised aluminum sheet. Attached to the underside or back of a sheet used primarily for roofs and walls is a thinner film, which may be plastic, coated fabric, aluminum, copper, or almost any durable material that is so thin that it bends. There is exactly as much film as sheet metal, for example in the roof patch. The heat hitting the ceiling passes through the damper to the liquid flow between the damper and the membrane. Such a thermocouple roof cannot be separated from the outside by an ordinary sheet metal roof. The prefabricated ceiling is most often painted in black or dark colors. The element roof or wall is preferably part of the building, but the element according to the invention can also be placed outside the finished roof or wall 4 3 58975. It can also be made into separate canopies and other structures, or as such can be placed in suitable places in vertical, oblique and horizontal positions. The fabrication of the element is simple and takes place mainly simultaneously with the corrugation of the sheet metal.

Figure 1 shows a heating element formed below a sinusoidal roof damper, with a piece cut away in the middle to illustrate the fluid flow paths. Reference 1 refers to sheet metal, 2 films, 3 their joints at the crest of the wave, 4 joints at the bottom of the corrugation, wrinkles formed by 5 films at both ends of the element. The wrinkle 5 is due to the fact that the film is usually wider than the sheet metal and when it is desired to block the liquid flow paths formed between the sheet metal and the film, e.g. by gluing the film completely to the sheet metal, the remaining film part forms a wrinkle or has to be glued around a separate block. Reference 6 shows a part of an adjacent element corresponding to an adjacent roof damper. Reference 7 shows a tube which collects a flow of liquid from the element Sol and takes it out through its opening or introduces liquid through it into the element.

Figure 2 is a top or bottom view of a correspondingly shaped element formed inside the wall panel. Reference 1 shows sheet metal and reference 2 film. Reference 9 means a film or plate transmitting light and heat rays attached to the outside of the wall by means of a support rod 10, the purpose of which is to prevent the conduction of heat from the element to the cold outdoor air in a special case.

The element works as follows: The liquid to be heated is introduced into one of the two collecting pipes 7 through the opening 8. From the manifold, it flows into the gaps between the damper 1 and the membrane 2, through openings of the same size made in these and in the tube, which are depicted in the tube by dotted ovals. One opening leads to two gaps. A similar manifold is at the other end of the element, and the heated liquid passing through the slots is led out of the element through an opening 8 to which you have attached a plain plastic or similar tube at a distance.

The element is manufactured and placed as follows: 4 58975: Before feeding the damper into the profiling machine, the damper in the roll is straightened and a film straightening its own roll is attached to it. The fastening is done, for example, by means of heat-melted separate adhesive tapes. The strips adhere to both the sheet metal and the film and are located at such points that, when the sheet metal is passed together with the film through the profiling machine, the attachment is only on the crest and bottom of the wave. The cutter in the machine's cutter cuts both the damper and the film to the specified size at the same time. In order to make the slots bulging and to conduct the fluid flow well, a guide, e.g. a wand, which is placed in the arc of each profiling machine must be placed in front of the profiling machine. In this case, the width of the film must be greater than the damper. In order to ensure the adhesion of the cooling adhesive tape, guides or similar mechanisms must also be placed at the attachment points to press the film against the sheet metal.

The element blanks thus obtained, cut to size, e.g. ordered for a roof, can also be tightly packed as such and delivered to their customer. They can be made, for example, into a water roof in the normal way by performing nailing at the crest of the wave. However, care must be taken when nailing so that the nailing does not detach the fastener or hit the side of the fastening point. The safest way is to punch the nail holes from below, ie from the side of the film, so that even the weakest attachment remains and the hole hits the middle of the attachment. An element roof is created from such a roof by cutting the narrow attachment of the corrugated base with a sharp tip of a special tool or chisel at a distance of about 10 to 20 cm from both ends of the damper. The openings in the film are then cut at the removed fasteners and glue is placed between the film and the sheet metal and pressed together. The gluing must not extend as far as the opening. The finished manifold is then taken, the annular patches covering the adhesive around which are removed around the openings. In this way, prefabricated elements are obtained from the blanks, which are connected to each other or directly to the solar heat recovery equipment by means of pipes which are placed in the opening 8 of the collector pipe 7 and the connection is secured by a compression fitting or otherwise.

The collector tube 7 is manufactured as follows: A piece with openings is cut out of the support film to be formed into a tube, e.g. by stamping. The piece is twisted into a tube, which is closed by pressing a large period seam. The resulting manifold is suitable for both the upper and lower part of the element. as a manifold. Even in cases where it is desired to interleave the button element 6 deeper, i.e. to cover two waves from the element, the tube is useful when its outermost opening is covered with a patch. This leaves one pair of slots unused.

The operating pressure of the element does not have to be high, but in order to avoid leakage points, it is best to at least cut the openings and block the ends at the factory. The in-place manifold does not allow the elements to be stacked tightly on top of each other and therefore the manifolds should preferably be attached to the elements at their point of use.

The attachment point on the crest of the wave must be wide to leave enough room for the nail hole. The transfer of heat from this point to the liquid occurs by conduction along the damper. In order to improve heat recovery, the fastening can be made, for example, in the form of a dot, in which case a spot indicating the point is painted on the sheet metal or film for each fastening. In this case, the intervals between the fastening tongues come under the influence of the liquid and the cooling is better at these points. If nailing is possible with sealing washers at the bottom of the corrugation, the attachment with the crest of the corrugation may be very narrow or non-existent and correspondingly there must be a wide attachment at the bottom of the corrugation.

If the attachment on the crest of the wave is completely missing, then the two adjacent slots merge to form a plump large slit that can hold a lot of liquid, even on a medium-sized roof of more than a thousand liters. If the roof of the roof is oh very long and the heat recovery is strong, then a large amount of liquid allows a slow flow and it may be advantageous to manufacture an element in which the film is stretched directly under the wave bottoms and attached widely to the bottoms. In this case, the openings leading to the manifolds must be located between the bottoms of the wave at the ridges. It is best to use slotted blocks to block the ends of the element.

6 58975 Packing such elements without manifolds requires a lot of space. The disadvantage can be counteracted by a damper-wide membrane that bends to corrugate, but when ready for use, the element still requires twice the amount of antifreeze and seems an unsuitable solution compared to a brush-fixing element that requires a fraction of the fluid. Spaces for bulging sizes and pipes can be found among the few roofs, where they are also not in danger of tearing off due to snow or ice.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the invention placed on a standard wall plate. It just has a "wave bottom attachment". and nailing occurs from the bottom of the wave. The ends of the rectangular slots are supported by gluing with rectangular plastic cups or similar blocks. The openings made in the sol are still located between the fastenings. Alternatively, at the upper end of the wall, they can also be located in plastic cups, whereby the manifold is located above the wall.

Figure 2 also shows, in a special case, a light-transmitting plate 9, a film or the like, which is made of glass, plastic, etc. placed in front of the wall. Its purpose is to direct direct sunlight into the element, but to prevent heat from escaping into the outside air. The insulating layer is the air located between the plate 9 and the damper 1. The plate is attached to the sheet metal by means of pins 10. A similar plate or membrane can also be tensioned over the corrugated roof damper from brush to brush. Almost the same goal can also be achieved by placing a thick layer of varnish, laminate, etc. on the surface of the sheet metal. A better way than the latter solution is to place a net under the layer that separates the layer from the sheet metal and there is air or carbon dioxide in between. This can be done on the sheet metal already, before rolling. In practice, these insulated wall and ceiling elements that receive direct sunlight should only be placed in the sun-facing parts of the building and the non-insulated elements in other parts. An insulated element is necessary especially in the spring winter and works at full capacity on sunny days, while uninsulated on cloudy days and nights. Even the heat of a cloudy summer night can be stored for the winter by storing it in the ground, water or, for example, in glauher's saline solution, either directly or by means of heat pumps. The film of the insulated element may be a heat insulating material, in which case it completely or partially replaces the film-side thermal insulation required by the element. The membrane of the non-insulated element can be very conductive and trapping heat. The uninsulated element can capture the ambient heat from both oaks. The elements can act as a reverse flow or otherwise as a melting snow and ice.

The cost analysis of the structures according to the invention starts from the fact that corrugated sheet metal is the main cost. The main additional cost is a film with a negligible proportion of the strength of the element. The film is usually located where it is not exposed to external mechanical contact. The durability required of it is limited to keeping the fluid in its grip. However, it must be able to withstand the stresses of manufacture, transport and installation, and for this reason strong films and a strong attachment to the sheet metal are recommended. The heat of the scorching sun in the event of a disturbance must also be tolerated. This is likely to increase the cost of the film to about half the cost of the sheet metal. The share of manifolds, adhesives and other materials in the cost of the element is relatively small. The share of labor and capital costs varies considerably depending on the methods of manufacture, transportation, and installation, but remains well below the raw material cost of the element. Transparent layers placed in front of the element may even exceed the price of the damper if they are required to have good abrasion resistance and insulation. In practice, the minimum cost of an insulated element is about 3 times that of an uninsulated element about 2 times that of a standard painted roofing panel of the same size.

The element also acts as an evaporator for the heat pump. In this case, the film must not be a gas-permeable plastic. Instead, when air is used instead of liquid, the membrane can penetrate it and there may be a small amount of leakage in the element.

A sheet that transmits sunlight, such as a plastic sheet or sheet, can also be used as the sheet metal, while the method of manufacture of the element and the structure of 8,58975 remain practically the same. The shape of the element which collects direct sunlight must then be provided with a dark surface or layer which performs the collection and, alternatively, the heat-dissipating liquid may be dark. The dark layer may be on the film-side surface of the plastic sheet, whereby the operation is the same as in the insulated element described above, or alternatively in the film. It can also be at both of the above-mentioned points, so that, for example, the layer in the plastic vibrator collects half of the sun's radiation and the layer in the film the rest. The most effective place for the layer is probably the location between the damper and the film in the middle of them, whereby the heat-transferring material rinses the foil containing the layer or the like on both sides. Such an element is, for example, three-layered, with a load-bearing transparent sheet metal, a dark foil and a film which adhere to each other at the same points. The collection properties can be improved by crimping or otherwise roughening the dark layers to increase the surface area. Instead of the damper, the membrane can also be located on the sun side, which, however, loses protection against mechanical knocks coming from the outside. Further, if the sheet metal is thinned into a film, the element loses its load-bearing properties and becomes a flexible mat. In this case, the separate manifold loses its meaning because it can be made directly between the membranes.

The film normally tends to bulge into a round shape according to the side of the cylinder surface, but if desired, another shape can be obtained, e.g. by pre-treatment, in the case of a low operating pressure. If, on the other hand, the flow of the heat-transferring substance is based on suction, the film can be corrugated so that it rests on its corrugations and forms many small slots along which the flow can always pass.

If the living due to the thermal expansion of the element threatens to rub the puncture of the film at the roof reinforcement, it is advisable to equip either the ribs or the corrugation points in the element with eg slippery PTPE plastic strips.

Claims (7)

9,58975 1. A solar heat-collecting element placed on roof or wall dampers, or similar corrugated dampers, characterized in that a membrane is attached to the underside of the damper in the direction of the rolling grooves, forming a gap between itself and the damper in which the liquid or gas to be heated passes and the ends of which are blocked and into which the flow of liquid or gas comes from openings in or between the ends. 2. Element enligt kravet 1, kännetecknat av, att i folien har vid varje kanal uptagits en öppning eller fera channeler har forbundits med varrara and för dessa har upptagits en eller fleensamma öppningar nememot vilka har utanför foil, lodrätt or ungefär lodgär , in particular, it is intended to be used as a means of transport. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that an opening is opened in the membrane for each slot or a plurality of slots are connected to one another and one or more common openings are pierced for this, to which an inlet or outlet pipe with corresponding openings or other corresponding perpendicularly or nearly perpendicular to the direction of the slots. 3. Element enligt kravet 2, kännetecknat av, att röret är flexibelt och bildar kring sinä öppningar och kaner en fäst-yta, varmed röret fästs omkring kanalernas öppningar, resp. röret uppvisar med öppningar försedda grenar som sträcker sig omkring kanalernas Öppningar. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the membrane is attached in its entirety to the damper at the ends of the damper and the membrane is wider than the damper, also around itself or around a block placed in a separate slot so that the slot is completely blocked. Element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the tube is flexible and forms a fastening surface around its openings and the openings of the buckles, by which the tube is fastened around the openings of the buckets or alternatively the tube has apertured branches extending around the bucket silks. 4. Element enligt kravet 3 »kännetecknat av, att röret, förutom de in i channelerna ledande olppningarna, är slutet, med undan-tag av en separat olpning account vilken et fr & n annat Häll förlöpande vanligt rör kan anslutas. Element according to Claim 3, characterized in that the pipe, with the exception of the openings leading to the slot, is closed, except that it has a separate opening to which an ordinary pipe from elsewhere can be connected. 5 · Element enligt kravet 1, kännetecknat av, att folien har i sin helhet fästs vid pl & ten vid pl & tens ändar, och dä folien är bredare än pläten, även vid sig själv eller kring en i en separat kanal anordnad klots, s & att kanalen är helt tilltäppt. 6. Element enligt kravet 1 anordnat i en profilerad vägplät, kännetecknat av, att fästandet av folien vid pläten sker bäde vid vägkammen oct bottnen. An element according to claim 1, placed in a corrugated sheet, characterized in that the attachment of the film to the sheet is 10,58975 at both the ridge and the bottom of the corrugation. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that a transparent layer of lacquer, laminate, etc. is attached to the front of the element. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that not only on the damper side but also on the membrane side, air can transfer its heat to the element, whereby free or fan-directed air flow is arranged on the membrane side and the membrane is highly conductive and trapping. Element according to Claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the film is a heat-insulating material. Element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the points of attachment of the film to the sheet metal are intermittent. Element according to Claim 10, characterized in that the points of attachment of the film to the sheet metal are marked, for example, with a comma or a hole for the nail. A method of manufacturing an element according to claim 1, characterized in that the film is fastened to the sheet metal before the sheet metal is rolled and, if necessary, guides are placed next to the fastening points to leave more film between adjacent fastening points than sheet metal 58975 11 Ί. Solvanne uppsamlande element som anordnats i tak- eller vägg-plätar eller liknande profilerade pl & tar, kännetecknat av, att vid platens under- eller ryggsida har medelst med Vals-sparen parallella fästpunkter fästats en Folie som mellan sig ooh pläten bildar chickener, i eller gas som skall upp-värmas strönmar ochars ändar är tilltäppta och i vilka vätske-eller gasströmmen inlöper genom öppningarna i eller mellan ändarna. 7- Element enligt kravet 1, kännetecknat av, att pa elementement främre side fästs et genomskinligt lack- eller laminet-skikt el.dyl ..