FI20215267A1 - Wall element, building, and method for manufacturing a wall element - Google Patents

Wall element, building, and method for manufacturing a wall element Download PDF

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Publication number
FI20215267A1
FI20215267A1 FI20215267A FI20215267A FI20215267A1 FI 20215267 A1 FI20215267 A1 FI 20215267A1 FI 20215267 A FI20215267 A FI 20215267A FI 20215267 A FI20215267 A FI 20215267A FI 20215267 A1 FI20215267 A1 FI 20215267A1
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FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
wood panel
length
wall element
wood
outer frame
Prior art date
Application number
FI20215267A
Other languages
Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Aki Siirilä
Original Assignee
Reakt Plan Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reakt Plan Oy filed Critical Reakt Plan Oy
Priority to FI20215267A priority Critical patent/FI20215267A1/en
Publication of FI20215267A1 publication Critical patent/FI20215267A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/10—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/54—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/701—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function
    • E04B2/702—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with integrated supporting and obturation function with longitudinal horizontal elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/72—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/386—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/48—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose as high as or higher than the room, i.e. having provisions concerning the connection with at least two floors

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Abstract

This document discloses a wall element (10), a building (100), and a method for manufacturing a wall element (10). The wall element (10) comprises a wood panel (12), wherein wood grains of the wood panel (12) are mostly substantially in parallel to the length (Z), the length (Z) being larger than the width (X). The wall element (10) also comprises an outer frame (14) comprising two longitudinal portions (14A) attached onto a peripheral portion (15A) of the wood panel (12) to extend in a direction of the length (Z) on the opposite sides of the wood panel (12) relative to a direction of the width (X). Still further, the wall element (10) comprises at least one support member (16) extending in the direction of the width (X) of the wood panel (12) between the two longitudinal portions (14A), and are arranged so that there is a gap (11) between the at least one support member (16) and the wood panel (12).

Description

WALL ELEMENT, BUILDING, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A WALL ELEMENT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to wall elements. In particular, however not ex- clusively, the present invention concerns pre-manufactured outer wall elements which are at least mostly of wood, and which are to be arranged to extend in the vertical direc- tion of a building.
BACKGROUND It is known to manufacture wall elements from concrete and steel. Size of precast con- — crete elements can be essentially anything from small to very large elements which may be up to several meters long. On the other hand, it is also known to construct sidings of buildings by utilizing wood and, in fact, utilizing wood has become more popular due to increased demand for uti- lizing ecological building materials. Typically, walls having wooden structures are built — at the construction site. First, a supporting frame of the wall is being built, and then insulating material is installed between the supporting portions of the supporting frame in order to provide thermal insulation to the structure. The structure is typically finalized by installing plasterboards on the inner surface of the wall. Finally, a wind barrier board or boards are installed on the outer side of the wall. There is typically also a vapor barrier — layer, such as plastic film or sheet, arranged on the inner side of the thermal insulation of the wall. It is convenient to transport precast concrete elements to the construction site since, alt- N hough they are heavy, they are able to support they own weight, especially when being N moved. Thus, construction of a building progresses guickly once the precast elements 3 25 — arrive. Unfortunately, the concrete material is bulky and not very ecological. Building — pre-manufactured wood wall elements is, however, trickier since they can easily be dam- =E aged during the transportation, especially if they are large. Such elements can easily N twist and bend, and get damaged. Thus, the wall elements are typically small and are O made to cover one floor of the building, thereby producing a joint or a disconnection = 30 — between adjacent wall elements in the vertical direction of the building. Further solutions are thus required, for example, to improve thermal insulation at the joints.
SUMMARY An objective of the present invention is to provide a wall element, a building, and a method for manufacturing a wall element.
Another objective of the present invention is that the wall element, the building, and the method provide wall structure of buildings made mainly of wood and which elements are strong and stable enough to be transported even if the elements are long enough to extend in the vertical direction over many stories of the building, and they can also be used as, at least part of, the supporting structure of the building.
The objectives of the invention are reached by a wall element, a building, and a method — for manufacturing a wall element as defined by the respective independent claims.
According to a first aspect, a wall element is provided.
The wall element comprises a wood panel, which is either a laminated veneer lumber panel or a cross laminated timber panel, having a width, a length, and a thickness, wherein wood grains of the wood panel are mostly substantially in parallel to the length, wherein the length is larger than, such —asbeingatleast 1.5 times, the width, and the width is larger than, such as being at least five times, the thickness.
The wall element further comprises an outer frame comprising two longitudinal portions attached onto a peripheral portion of the wood panel to extend over the whole length of the peripheral portion in a direction of the length, the two lon- gitudinal portions extending on the opposite sides of the wood panel relative to a direc- — tion of the width.
Still further, the wall element comprises at least one support member extending in the direction of the width of the wood panel between the two longitudinal portions of the outer frame, wherein the at least one support member is arranged so that there is a gap between the at least one support member and the wood panel. = Directions of the width, length, and thickness are perpendicular with respect to each < 25 — other.
Furthermore, in various embodiments, the thickness is considerably smaller than se the other two dimensions, that is, the wood panel is a planar element. - Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) as referred to herein is a wood product that comprises z a plurality of layers of thin wood, that is veneers, and in which the direction of the wood 5 grain of the veneers is mostly, if not in all of them, arranged to be parallel to the length N 30 of the panel.
The veneers may have been attached to each other, for example, by an 3 adhesive.
Cross laminated timber (CLT) as referred to herein is a wood product that comprises a plurality of layers of solid-sawn lumber attached to each other, for example, by an adhesive. Most of the plurality of layers have the direction of the wood grain parallel to the length of the panel, while a number of some other layers less than the number of most of the plurality of layers have a wood grain direction perpendicular with respect to said most of the plurality of layers. Preferably, the direction of the wood grain changes between adjacent layers. The wood panel is thus such that the wood grains of the wood panel are mostly substan- tially in parallel to the length. Thus, the wood panel may, alternatively, be of something different, however, equivalent to LVL or CLT, in which there are a plurality relatively (with respect to the other two dimensions) thin wood layers attached to each other, and for which itis possible to define that the wood panel has a stronger structure in the length direction due to the orientation of the wood grains mostly into the direction of the length of the wood panel. The peripheral portion may refer herein to a portion of the wood panel close to the edge thereof. For example, an outer edge of the peripheral portion may substantially align — with the edge of the wood panel and an inner edge of the peripheral portion may be closer to outer edge of the wood panel than to the center of the wood panel in the direc- tion of the width. Also, if the outer frame includes portions extending in the direction of the width, the inner edge may be closer to outer edge of the wood panel than to the center of the wood panel in the direction of the length. In some cases, the peripheral portion — may be such that the distance from the inner edge of the peripheral portion to the edge of the wood panel is one-fifth of the distance from the center of the wood panel to the edge of the wood panel in the direction of the width, and optionally, also in the direction of the length. The wall element may, preferably, comprise a thermal insulating material layer, such as N 25 of one or several thermal insulation material boards, arranged to extend in the direction N of the length in the gap between the at least one support member and the wood panel in 3 a space defined by the outer frame. The thermal insulation material may be wool, or —- specifically, however, not limited to wool boards.
I & In various embodiments, said wool may mostly include, or be essentially made of, wood- 5 30 based materials, such as including wood wool or fibers, or fiber batts. In alternative © embodiments, the wool may mostly include, or be essentially made of, may be glass O wool, or mineral or rock wool, such as boards thereof.
In addition, there may also be a second thermal insulating layer, such as of one or several thermal insulation material boards, arranged to reside substantially between the support member and the outer frame, or two support members in the direction of the length.
In various preferable embodiments, each one of the two longitudinal portions comprises afirst beam extending as a single piece part in the direction of the length over the whole length of the wood panel. Thus, the first beams may be single piece beams, for example, wood studs, planks, or the like.
In some embodiments, the outer frame may comprise two second beams attached onto the peripheral portion of the wood panel to extend in the direction of the width on the opposite sides of the wood panel. Thus, in some embodiments, the outer frame extends on the peripheral portion around the wood panel.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, the wall element may comprise a plurality of sup- port members arranged spaced apart with respect to each other in the direction of the length. The spacing between two support members may be, for example, in the range — from 100 mm to 1500 mm, preferably from 300 mm to 1200 mm, or approximately 600 mm, for example.
In various embodiments, the outer frame is preferably a wooden outer frame. In various embodiments, the at least one support member is preferably a wooden support member.
In some embodiments, the at least one support member may be arranged between said portions of the outer frame so that a surface of the at least one support member, that is the surface on the opposite side of the support member relative to the wood panel, aligns N with surfaces of said longitudinal portions, that is, the surfaces on the opposite side of N the portions relative to the wood panel.
& - 25 Furthermore, the length of the wood panel may preferably be at least 2.5 meters, and = optionally, up to 16 or even 25 meters.
a N In various embodiments, the wall element may comprise a cover layer, such as including & a wind barrier board or boards, arranged on the opposite side of the outer frame relative N to the wood panel. Thus, the wall element may have a sandwich structure.
N
In various embodiments, the wall element may comprise one or more openings, such as for arranging thereto a window and/or a door, extending through the wall element in a direction of the thickness. According to a second aspect, a building is provided. The building comprises a support 5 structure for supporting a siding of the building, and at least one wall element in accord- ance with the first aspect being attached to the support structure. The building may preferably comprise at least two stories, wherein the at least one wall element extends substantially over the length of the at least two stories in a vertical di- rection of the building. According to a third aspect, a method for manufacturing a wall element is provided. The method comprises: - attaching an outer frame comprising two longitudinal portions onto a peripheral portion of a wood panel to extend over the whole length of the peripheral portion in a direction of the length, the two longitudinal portions being arranged to extend on the — opposite sides of the wood panel in a direction of the width, wherein the wood panel is either a laminated veneer lumber panel or a cross laminated timber panel, having a width, a length, and a thickness, wherein wood grains of the wood panel are mostly substan- tially parallel to the length, and the length is larger than the width, and - arranging at least one support member to extend in the direction of the width of — the wood panel between the two longitudinal portions of the outer frame, wherein the at least one support member is being arranged so that there is a gap between the at least one support member and the wood panel. N The method may also comprise arranging a thermal insulating material layer to extend
O N between the at least one support member and the wood panel in the gap and in a space
O O 25 — defined by the outer frame. I Furthermore, the method may comprise arranging a cover layer, such as including a wind T . oo . a barrier board or boards, on the opposite side of the outer frame relative to the wood panel 5 prior to or after the arranging of the thermal insulating material layer. Thus, the insula-
N 0 tion material, such as (wood) wool boards, may be either arranged to the space before O 30 attaching the cover layer, or wool material may be blown into the cavity defined by the cover layer and support member(s), outer frame, and the wood panel.
In various embodiments, the thermal insulating material layer may be arranged as boards, such as (wood) wool boards, onto the wood panel even before arranging the support member(s) thereto. The present invention provides a wall element, a building, and a method for manufac- turing a wall element. The present invention provides advantages over known solutions in that the wall element is more stable and it can be more easily transported to the con- struction site without damaging the element. Furthermore, the wall element, due to its structure, can be made to extend over two stories without joints, thereby improving ther- mal insulation of the wall structure. Various other advantages will become clear to a skilled person based on the following detailed description. The expression "a plurality of” may refer to any positive integer starting from two (2), that is, being at least two. The terms “first”, “second” etc. are herein used to distinguish one element from another element, and not to specially prioritize or order them, if not otherwise explicitly stated. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention presented herein are not to be in- terpreted to pose limitations to the applicability of the appended claims. The verb "to comprise" is used herein as an open limitation that does not exclude the existence of also unrecited features. The features recited in the dependent claims are mutually freely com- — binable unless otherwise explicitly stated. The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the present invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The present invention itself, however, both as N to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objectives and N advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific 3 25 embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES a a K Some embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way & of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings.
N N Figures 1A-1C illustrate a wall element according to an embodiment of the present in- vention.
Figure 2 illustrates schematically a wood panel according to an embodiment of the pre- sent invention. Figure 3 illustrates schematically a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS Figures 1A-1C illustrate a wall element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1A shows different directions of the wood panel 12 of the wall element 10, that is, the width X, the length Z, and the thickness Y. Preferably, the length Z may be at least 1.5 times the width X, and the width X may be at least five times the thickness Y. Thus, the wood panel 12 is a planar element having thickness significantly smaller than the other two dimensions. In Fig. 1A, the wall element 10 is illustrated from a perspective. In Fig. 1B, the wall element 10 is illustrated from an opposite side of the wall element 10 relative to the wood panel 12 thereof, that is, the direction of the thickness Y extends away/towards the viewer. In Fig. 1C, the wall element 10 is illustrated from an end, that is, the direction of the length Z extends away/towards the viewer. The wall element 10 comprises a wood panel 12, which is either a laminated veneer — lumber panel or a cross laminated timber panel. The wood panel has a width X, a length Z, and a thickness Y, wherein wood grains of the wood panel 12 are mostly substantially in parallel to the length Z, wherein the length Z is larger than the width X, and the width N X is larger than the thickness Y. Furthermore, the wall element 10 comprises an outer N frame 14 comprising two longitudinal portions 14A attached onto a peripheral portion 3 25 ISA of the wood panel 12 to extend over the whole length of the peripheral portion 15A — in a direction of the length Z, the two longitudinal portions 14A extending on the oppo- =E site sides of the wood panel 12 relative to a direction of the width X. Still further, the N wall element 10 comprises at least one support member 16, preferably a plurality of O support members 16, extending in the direction of the width X of the wood panel 12 = 30 — between the two longitudinal portions 14A of the outer frame 14, wherein the at least one support member 16, or the plurality of support members 16, is/are arranged so that there is a gap 11 between the support member(s) 16 and the wood panel 12. Especially, the outer frame 14 attached onto the wood panel 12, having the wood grains mostly in the direction of the length Z, and the one or more support members 16 extending between the portions 14A of the outer frame 14A provide stable and strong structure for the ele- ment 10. The outer frame 14 may, in various embodiments, be arranged so that its outer surfaces substantially align with, such as are within 0-5 cm of, the outer edge of the wood panel 12, such as shown in Figs. 1A-1C.
The wall element 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have to include a further vapor barrier layer, such as plastic film or sheet, since the wool panel 12, being LVL, CLT, or the like, functions also as the vapor barrier layer due to its properties.
— In various embodiments, the dimension of the gap 11 in the direction of the thickness Y may be in the range from about 75 mm to about 350 mm, or preferably from about 100 mm to about 200 mm, most preferably about 150 mm, so that there is enough space for arranging thereto thermal insulation for providing suitable thermal insulation properties for the wall element 10.
Figure 2 illustrates schematically a wood panel 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wood panel may be LVL or CLT panel, or, alternatively, some- thing different, however, eguivalent to LVL or CLT, in which there are a plurality wood layers attached to each other, and for which it is possible to define that the wood panel has a stronger structure in the length direction due to the orientation of the wood grains — mostly into the direction of the length of the wood panel.
Furthermore, the peripheral portion 15A may refer herein to a portion of the wood panel 12 close to the edge thereof as shown in Fig. 2. For example, an outer edge of the pe- ripheral portion 15A may substantially align with the edge of the wood panel 12 and an = inner edge of the peripheral portion ISA may be closer to outer edge of the wood panel < 25 12 than to the center of the wood panel 12 in the direction of the width X. Two perpen- se dicular center lines 101, 102 of the wood panel 12 are also shown in Fig. 2. The first — center line 101 is in the direction of the length Z and the second center line 102 is in the > direction of the width X. Also, if the outer frame 14 includes portions extending in the & direction of the width X, that is second beams 14B, the inner edge may be closer to outer 5 30 edge of the wood panel 12 than to the center of the wood panel 12 in the direction of the © length Z. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion 15A may be such that the dis- O tance from the inner edge of the peripheral portion 15A to the edge of the wood panel 12 is one-fifth of the distance from the center of the wood panel 12 to the edge of the wood panel 12 in the direction of the width X, and optionally, also in the direction of the length Z. Fig. 2 illustrates a situation which approximately resembles to the abovemen- tioned one-fifths scenario. Center portion 15B of the wood panel 12 is also shown in Fig. 2.
In various embodiments, there is only the thermal insulation material layer 18 in contact with the wood panel 12 at the center portion 15B, and, optionally, structural elements related to openings for windows and/or doors, if any. Thus, the wall element 10 has a large portion extending in the direction of the length Z in which the wood panel 12 has no joints and the thermal insulation material layer 18 is continuous at that portion, not- withstanding joints within the insulation layer 18, if any.
In Figs. 1A-1C, the thermal insulation material layer 18 (and also the second thermal insulation layer 19) is shown not the extend into the empty space at the lower right corner of Figs. 1A and 1B. The thermal insulation material layers 18 and 19 are drawn like this just for the illustrative purposes so that the structure of the wall element 10 becomes clearer. In various embodiments, the thermal insulation material layers 18 and 19 sub- stantially fill the whole space defined by the outer frame 14, the wood panel 12, and the support member(s) 16.
In various embodiments, the thermal insulation material layer 18 (and also the second thermal insulation layer 19) may mostly include, or be essentially made of, wood-based materials, such as including wood wool or fibers, or wood fiber batts. In alternative em- — bodiments, the wool may mostly include, or be essentially made of, may be glass wool, or mineral or rock wool, such as boards thereof, for example.
In various embodiments, the outer frame 14 may be attached to the wood panel 12 by utilizing attachment means, such as one or several of the following: adhesive, nails, = screws. Similar applies also to the support element(s) 16 when attached to the outer S 25 frame 14, however, alternatively or in addition, shape interlocking may be utilized. S Furthermore, a thermal insulating material layer 18, such as of one or several thermal - insulation material boards, arranged to extend in the direction of the length Z in the gap E 11 between the at least one support member 16 and the wood panel 12 in a space defined IS by the outer frame 14.
LO N 30 In addition, there may also be the second thermal insulating layer 19, such as of one or several thermal insulation material boards, arranged to reside substantially between the support member 16 and the outer frame 14, or two support members 16 in the direction of the length Z. The thickness of the second thermal insulating layer 19 may, preferably be so that when arranged on the thermal insulating material layer 18, the surface of the second thermal insulating layer 19 align with surface of the outer frame 14, the surface in question being the one facing away from the wood panel 12. Thus, in embodiments in accordance with Fig. 1A, the thickness of the second thermal insulating layer 19 is about the same as the thickness of the support member(s) 16, for example, in the range from about 20 mm to about 80 mm, preferable about 48 mm (if the support member(s) 16 is/are 2x4 wood studs, for instance). In some embodiments, each one of the two longitudinal portions 14A may comprise a first beam extending in the direction of the length Z as a single piece part over the whole — length of the wood panel 12. These single piece parts together with the wood panel 12 provide even stronger structure for the wall element 10. In addition, the outer frame 14 may comprise two second beams 14B, such as wooden beams being, preferably, single piece parts, attached onto the peripheral portion 15A of the wood panel 12 to extend in the direction of the width X on the opposite sides of the wood panel 12. In various preferable embodiments, the wall element 10 comprises a plurality of support members 16 arranged spaced apart with respect to each other in the direction of the length Z. Such a wall element 10 is visible in Figs. 1A and 1B. In various preferable embodiments, the outer frame 14 is a wooden outer frame and the atleast one support member 16 is a wooden support member. Thus, the whole wall ele- ment 10 may be substantially of wood material. In various embodiments, the outer frame 14 may comprise wood studs which have thick- _ ness of at least 45 mm and width of at least 90 mm, for example, being 2x4, 2x5, or 2x6 S wood studs. In various embodiments, the support member(s) 16 may comprise, for ex- N 25 ample, wood studs or planks which have thickness of at least 20 mm and width of at ? least 45 mm. In preferable embodiments, the support member(s) 16 may be 2x4 wood - studs.
I a N In various embodiments, the support member(s) 16 is/are arranged between said portions O of the outer frame 14 so that a surface of the at least one support member 16 aligns with = 30 — surfaces of said portions. This is visible in Fig. 1A in which the support members 16 and the outer frame 14 have their upper surfaces, that is the surfaces facing away from the wood panel 12, aligned, thereby providing an even surface for coupling thereto further layers, for instance.
In various embodiments, the wall element 10 may comprise a cover layer 20 (shown in Fig. 1C), such as including a wind barrier board or boards, arranged on the opposite side of the outer frame 14 relative to the wood panel 12. Especially if the outer frame 14 and the support member(s) 16 are arranged to the above described even surface, coupling/at- taching the cover layer to it becomes convenient.
Furthermore, in various embodiments, the length Z of the wood panel 12 is at least 2.5 meters, preferably, at least 3 meters, or even at least 5 meters.
The thickness Y may be, for example, in the range from 15 to 100 mm, preferably from 27-75 mm.
The width of the wood panel 12 may, preferably, be from one to 2.5 meters, preferable at least two meters.
Furthermore, the wall element 10 may be uniform or may comprise one or more open- ings 25, such as for arranging thereto a window and/or a door, extending through the wall element 10 in a direction of the thickness Y.
In various preferable embodiments, the wall element 10 may further comprise, as at- tached to one or both sides of the wood panel 12 in the direction of the width X, a sealing element or elements (not shown) for providing a sealed structure when two wall ele- ments 10 are disposed adjacent to each other in a building.
The sealing element may comprise, for example, polyethylene, rubber, fiberglass, or other known sealing mate- rial, such as in the form of a strip.
The sealing element may, advantageously, be adapted — to provide vapor barrier to the joint between two adjacent wall elements 10. Still in further embodiments, there may be further thermal insulation material, such as strips of wool, to be placed between two adjacent wall elements 10, either when manu- facturing one or both of the elements 10, or after the two elements 10 have been attached = to the support structure of a building.
The further thermal insulation material may, pref- < 25 erably, be arranged to the outer side of the two longitudinal portions 14A, such as at- se tached to the outer surface(s) thereof.
The further thermal insulation material may be = attached to one of both sides of the wall element 10 in the direction of the width X.
E Figure 3 illustrates schematically a building 100 according to an embodiment of the pre- 5 sent invention.
The building 100 comprises a support structure 40 for supporting a siding N 30 — of the building 100, and at least one wall element 10, in this case two elements 10, as N described hereinbefore being attached to the support structure 40. In Fig. 3, the wall N elements 10 are shown to comprise the optional the cover layer 20, and thus the thermal insulation material layer 18 is not visible in Fig. 3.
In various embodiments, the building 100 may comprise at least two stories 30, wherein the at least one wall element 10, or in case of Fig. 3, two elements 10, may extend sub- stantially over the length of the at least two stories 30 in a vertical direction of the build- ing 100.
Furthermore, Fig. 3 shows that the wall element 10 may comprise one or more openings 25, such as for arranging thereto a window and/or a door, extending through the wall element 10 in a direction of the thickness Y.
Figure 4 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Item 400 refers to a start-up phase of the method. Suitable equipment and components are obtained and systems assembled and configured for operation. This may mean, for example, obtaining parts of the outer frame, the support member(s), and obtaining the wood panel, such as of LVL or CLT or the like. Optionally, thermal insulation material, such as wool to be blown or wool boards, may be obtained. Still further, a cover layer — material may be obtained, such as including a wind barrier board or boards.
Item 410 refers to attaching an outer frame 14 comprising two longitudinal portions onto the peripheral portion of the wood panel 12 to extend over the whole length of the pe- ripheral portion 15A in the direction of the length Z, the two longitudinal portions 14A being arranged to extend on the opposite sides of the wood panel 12 in the direction of — the width X, wherein the wood panel 12 is either a laminated veneer lumber panel or a cross laminated timber panel, or the like, having a width X, a length Z, and a thickness Y, wherein wood grains of the wood panel 12 are mostly substantially parallel to the length Z, and the length Z is larger than the width X. The outer frame 14 may be attached = to the wood panel 12, for example, by utilizing attachment means, such as one or several S 25 of the following: adhesive, nails, screws.
O ? Item 420 refers to arranging at least one support member 16 to extend in the direction of - the width X of the wood panel 12 between the two longitudinal portions of the outer E frame 14, wherein the at least one support member 16 is being arranged so that there is IS a gap between the at least one support member 16 and the wood panel 12, that is, the N 30 gap 11 isin the direction of the thickness Y. The support member(s) 16 may be attached N to the outer frame 14, for example, by utilizing attachment means, such as one or several N of the following: adhesive, nails, screws, shape interlocking.
Item 430 refers to optional step of arranging 430 a thermal insulating material layer to extend in the direction of the length Z in the gap 11 between the at least one or several support member(s) 16 and the wood panel 12 in a space defined by the outer frame 14. In various embodiments, the thermal insulating material layer 18 may be arranged as boards, such as (wood) wool boards, onto the wood panel even before arranging the support member(s) 16 thereto. Furthermore, the method may optionally comprise arranging a cover layer 20, such as including a wind barrier board or boards, on the opposite side of the outer frame 14 relative to the wood panel 12 prior to or after the arranging of the thermal insulating material layer 18. Thus, the insulation material, such as (wood) wool boards, may be either arranged to the space before attaching the cover layer 20, or wool material may be blown into the cavity or space defined by the cover layer 20 and support member(s) 16, outer frame 14, and the wood panel 12. Method execution may be stopped at item 499.
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Claims (15)

1. A wall element (10), characterized in that it comprises a wood panel (12), which is either a laminated veneer lumber panel or a cross laminated timber panel, having a width (X), a length (Z), and a thickness (Y), wherein wood grains of the wood panel (12) are mostly substantially in parallel to the length (Z), wherein the length (Z) is larger than, such as being at least 1.5 times, the width (X), and the width (X) is larger than, such as being at least five times, the thickness (Y); an outer frame (14) comprising two longitudinal portions (14A) attached onto a peripheral portion (15A) of the wood panel (12) to extend over the whole length of the peripheral portion (15A) in a direction of the length (Z), the two longitudinal portions (144) extending on the opposite sides of the wood panel (12) relative to a direction of the width (X); and at least one support member (16) extending in the direction of the width (X) of the wood panel (12) between the two longitudinal portions (14A) of the outer frame (14), — wherein the at least one support member (16) is arranged so that there is a gap (11) between the at least one support member (16) and the wood panel (12).
2. The wall element (10) of claim 1, comprising a thermal insulating material layer (18), such as of one or several thermal insulation material boards, arranged to extend in the direction of the length (Z) in the gap (11) between the at least one support member — (16) and the wood panel (12) in a space defined by the outer frame (14).
3. The wall element (10) of claim 1 or 2, wherein each one of the two longitudinal portions (14A) comprises a first beam extending in the direction of the length (Z) as a N single piece part over the whole length of the wood panel (12).
N se 4. The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the outer frame (14) - 25 comprises two second beams (14B) attached onto the peripheral portion (154) of the I wood panel (12) to extend in the direction of the width (X) on the opposite sides of the & wood panel (12).
O N 5. The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-4, comprising a plurality of support N members (16) arranged spaced apart with respect to each other in the direction of the N 30 length (2).
6. — The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the outer frame (14) is a wooden outer frame and the at least one support member (16) is a wooden support mem- ber.
7. The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the at least one support member (16) is arranged between said portions of the outer frame (14) so that a surface of the at least one support member (16) aligns with surfaces of said portions.
8. — The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the length (Z) of the wood panel (12) is at least 2.5 meters.
9. The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-8, comprising a cover layer (20), such as including a wind barrier board or boards, arranged on the opposite side of the outer frame (14) relative to the wood panel (12).
10. The wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-9, comprising one or more openings (25), such as for arranging thereto a window and/or a door, extending through the wall element (10) in a direction of the thickness (Y).
11. A building (100), characterized in that it comprises a support structure (40) for supporting a siding of the building (100), and at least one wall element (10) of any one of claims 1-10 attached to the support structure (40).
12. The building (100) of claim 11, comprising at least two stories (30), wherein the at least one wall element (10) extends substantially over the length of the at least two stories (30) in a vertical direction of the building (100).
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13. A method for manufacturing a wall element (10), characterized in that the method 3 comprises: z - attaching (410) an outer frame (14) comprising two longitudinal portions onto a a 25 — peripheral portion of a wood panel (12) to extend over the whole length of the peripheral 5 portion in a direction of the length (Z), the two longitudinal portions being arranged to
N 0 extend on the opposite sides of the wood panel (12) in a direction of the width (X), O wherein the wood panel (12) is either a laminated veneer lumber panel or a cross lami- nated timber panel, having a width (X), a length (Z), and a thickness (Y), wherein wood grains of the wood panel (12) are mostly substantially parallel to the length (Z), and the length (Z) is larger than the width (X), and - arranging (420) at least one support member (16) to extend in the direction of the width (X) of the wood panel (12) between the two longitudinal portions of the outer frame (14), wherein the at least one support member (16) is being arranged so that there is a gap between the at least one support member (16) and the wood panel (12).
14. The method of claim 13, comprising - arranging (430) a thermal insulating material layer to extend in the direction of the length (Z) in the gap (11) between the at least one support member (16) and the wood panel (12) in a space defined by the outer frame (14).
15. The method of claim 13 or 14, comprising - arranging a cover layer, such as including a wind barrier board or boards, on the opposite side of the outer frame (14) relative to the wood panel (12) prior to or after the arranging (430) of the thermal insulating material layer (18).
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FI20215267A 2021-03-11 2021-03-11 Wall element, building, and method for manufacturing a wall element FI20215267A1 (en)

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