FI129969B - Arrangement and method for heating supply air in a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is directed to an arrangement and method for heating the supply air of a building (1), which arrangement comprises an evaporator (3) placed in connection with a heating coil (2) and a condenser (6) placed in the supply air duct (4) or in its immediate vicinity, as well as the pipe connections (5, 8) between them, whereby the heat transfer agent is vaporized by the evaporator (3) and rises along the first pipe connection (5) to the condenser (6) and, after condensing into a liquid, returns to the evaporator (3) by gravity along the second pipe connection (8).

Description

Arrangement and method for heating the building's supply air

Engineering

The invention is directed to construction technology and especially to the arrangement and method of heating the building's incoming air in buildings located in relatively cold or arctic conditions during the winter.

The level of technology

The heating of buildings can be arranged in many different ways and with different tools. One example is to use a radiator system, where the radiators are conveniently placed on the outer wall of the building's rooms below the windows. The radiator system can use water circulation or electricity for heating. The heating boiler heats the water before it is circulated in the water-circulating radiator system. The heating boiler produces its heating energy with electrical resistances, by burning some fossil fuel or wood. Other options for energy production include, for example, solar energy, wind energy or geothermal energy. In addition to these, in district heating areas, district heating can be used to heat the water or other heat transfer medium in the radiator system.

Many different methods and devices can be used to adjust the indoor air temperature. Most of the systems are different air conditioning systems designed to cool the indoor air in hot climates or in mild climates during the summer.

Publication EP 3014196 shows a device in which the heat transfer medium circulates in the pipeline. The piping works as a condenser or evaporator of a reverse heat pump.

N Valves and a compressor are also an essential part of the system. In addition to this

The N system includes a dehumidification system. 00 2 25 — Publication US 5,560,222 shows a combined cooling and heating unit. This is a two-part system where both units are placed inside the building. The system comprises a circulation of the heat transfer medium, a radiator, a compressor

O rin and pump. In the second part, the air heated by the radiator is blown into the indoor air by fan 3. The supply air intake is arranged in the lower part of the device and the exhaust air outlet is arranged in the upper part of the device.

The problem with state-of-the-art solutions is their complexity and multiple components.

In addition, state-of-the-art publications have focused on indoor air cooling in hot climates. In the state-of-the-art publications, there is no gravity-based arrangement or method for heating the incoming air, whose main energy source is a radiator. The solution according to the invention utilizes the existing heating system for automatic heating of the supply air.

Description of the invention

In cool or cold climates, there are a large number of older buildings where ventilation is carried out only with an exhaust fan and replacement air coolers in the outer walls. The problem with this kind of solution in cold conditions is a large feeling of draft, in which case living comfort suffers considerably. With the solution according to the invention, the incoming air can be heated without electrical connections and moving parts. The power increases automatically according to the power demand. In summer, when supply air heating is not needed, the operation is automatically stopped.

The arrangement and method according to the invention for heating the incoming air of the building's room air in cold climates comprises a gravity-based heat transfer medium circulation. In its simplest form, the circulation of the heat transfer medium is organized in such a way that a vaporizer is installed in connection with the radiator of the apartment inside the building, which vaporizes the heat transfer medium with its heat. The vaporized heat transfer agent rises along the first pipe connection upwards into the indoor air duct or into the condenser placed in its immediate vicinity. The heat transfer agent releases its thermal energy in the condenser to the cooler room air supply air and at the same time condenses into a liquid inside the system. Due to gravity, the liquid heat transfer agent flows back to the evaporator connected to the apartment's radiator along another pipe connection and evaporates again in the evaporator. The condenser is essentially placed vertically above the evaporator.

N 25 —The solution according to the invention is also possible to implement with a single pipe connection

N between the evaporator and the condenser, in which case the liquid heat transfer medium flows downwards along the pipeline and simultaneously vaporized 2 heat transfer medium in the same pipe connection rises upwards.

E: The greater the temperature difference between the outside air and the radiator, the greater the heat

O 30 —rotation of the charge transfer agent. In this way, part of the radiator's release energy is transferred to the air coming from outside, and the cold air flow cannot cause a feeling of draft before

D from warming. Such gravity-based rotation is very simplistic-

A convenient and reliable system for heating the supply air. The level of heating of the supply air is adjusted automatically according to the level of heating of the radiator, in which case separate adjustments for the heating of the supply air are not needed.

The vaporizer can be a separate device that is preferably installed between the radiator and the wall with good contact with the radiator. The vaporizer can also be integrated into the radiator during its manufacturing phase. Then it is enough that, for example, the liquid pipe goes end to end inside the radiator. It is advantageous to insulate the gas and especially the liquid pipe to prevent water from condensing on the surface of the pipe. Similarly, the surface of the vaporizer facing the room air can be insulated. Isolation may be advantageous in some circumstances, but not mandatory for the operation of the invention.

There is preferably a filter in the intake air duct before the condenser, which prevents the condenser from getting dirty and keeps the air coming into the room clean. —Detailed description of the invention

In the following, the invention is described in more detail by referring to the following drawings, in which figure 1 shows a simplified arrangement according to the invention for heating the supply air of a building, — figure 2 shows a simplified solution according to the invention implemented with one pipe connection, figure 3 shows an example of the operation and location of the condenser according to the invention, and figure 4 shows the attachment of the pipe connection to the radiator.

The arrangement according to Figure 1 for heating the incoming air entering the building 1 comprises an evaporator 3 installed in connection with the building's heating radiator 2.

The thermal energy produced by the heating coil 2 vaporizes the liquid inside the vaporizer 3

A to the gaseous form of the heat transfer medium, whereupon the resulting gas rises up towards the building's 1 intake air duct 4 along the first pipe connection 5 3 25 —. Preferably in the intake air duct 4, or in front of it on the inside of the building 1, there is

E placed condenser 6, which transfers the thermal energy of the vaporized heat transfer medium

W to supply air. The condenser 6 is essentially placed vertically above the evaporator 3. Typically, the heating radiator 2 is placed below the window 7 of the building 1 > and the supply air duct 4 above the window.

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When giving up thermal energy to the incoming air, the heat transfer medium returns to its liquid form and flows under the influence of gravity along the second pipe connection

8 back to the evaporator 3 placed in connection with the heating coil 2. With the evaporator 3, the heat transfer agent vaporizes again and rises again in gaseous form along the pipe connection 5 to the condenser 6.

In cold weather, the problem with ventilation is especially a high draft, if the incoming air is not heated before it is led inside the building 1, in which case living comfort suffers. With this invention, the incoming air can be heated without electrical connections and moving parts. The arrangement and method is extremely simple and reliable. The supply air heating power produced by the system and method is automatically increased according to the power demand, when the temperature difference between the outside air and the heating coil 2 increases, whereby the circulation of the heat transfer agent automatically speeds up. In summer, the operation is automatically stopped. If desired, the movement of supply air into building 1 can be assisted with a fan/fan placed in supply air duct 4 (not shown in the picture).

The circulation of the heat transfer medium according to the invention between the condenser 6 and the evaporator 3 heats the incoming air. The supply air heater according to the invention obtains the energy needed to heat the air from the apartment's heating radiator 2. A separate circulation pump or compressor is not needed in the system or method.

The vaporizer 3 can be a separate device that is preferably installed between the heating coil 2 and the wall of the building 1 with good contact with the heating coil. The vaporizer 3 can also be integrated into the heating coil 2 during its manufacturing phase. Then it is enough that, for example, the pipe connection goes inside the heating coil 2 from end to end. It is advantageous to insulate the gas and especially the liquid connection to prevent water from condensing on the surface of the pipe connection 5 and 8. Likewise, it is advantageous to insulate the surface of the vaporizer 3 facing the room air. Such isolations are possible, but not mandatory.

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O 25 The ventilation of the building 1 is advantageously implemented in such a way that the roof of the building eo has an exhaust air channel 9, through which the exhaust air is blown by an exhaust air fan o 10 into the outside air. The replacement air preferably comes from the supply air ducts 4 placed above the windows 7, connected to which the supply air heating arrangement according to the invention is placed. In the supply air duct 4, before the condenser 6, there is typically also a

O 30 datin 11, so that pollutants from the outside air would not flow into the building 1 and so that the condenser would not get dirty.

N Figure 2 shows the solution according to the invention implemented with one pipe connection 5 between the evaporator 3 and the condenser 6. In this case, the vaporized heat transfer agent rises along the pipe connection 5 from the evaporator 3 to the condenser 6 and at the same time the liquid heat transfer agent flows from the condenser to the evaporator under the influence of gravity. In the solution according to Figure 2, the inlet air duct 4 is placed below the condenser 6 and the inlet air is turned to flow upwards in the inlet air duct through the filter (not shown in Figure 2) to the condenser 6. This solution is shown in more detail in Figure 3.

Figure 2 shows that the pipe connection 5 is not completely horizontal at the evaporator 3. This promotes the flow of the liquid heat transfer medium through the evaporator 3. Likewise, the pipe connection at condenser 6 is not completely horizontal. This also helps the movement of the liquid heat transfer medium in the right — direction from the condenser 6 to the evaporator 3. Figure 2 shows that the pipe connection 5 branches into two separate pipes in both the evaporator and the condenser (depicted with dashed lines). According to the invention, the pipe connection 5 can branch into two or more pipes at the steam trap 3 and/or the condenser 6. Likewise, the pipe connection 5 can be unbranched and is then implemented with only one straight pipe connection at the condenser 6 and/or the evaporator 3. The optional pipe connection branches are shown in Figure 2 with dashed lines.

Figure 3 shows, as an example, a transverse view of the supply air duct 4 passing through the wall and the supply air heating arrangement connected to it. The incoming air arrives according to the arrow 12 through the wall from above the window 7 and is directed upwards through the filter 11 — to the condenser 6, where the incoming air liquefies the vaporized heat transfer agent back to liquid form. After this, the heated supply air is discharged into the room air according to arrow 13. The liquid heat transfer medium returns to the evaporator 3 along the pipe connection 5.

Figure 4 shows an arrangement for attaching the vaporizer 3 according to the invention

N 25 —(to heating radiator 2. Pipe connection 5 is fixed with a clamp 14 to the radiator pin

N, for example, by gluing or double-sided tape. Other mounting methods are also possible. For example, magnetic fastening can be used. Similarly, the pipe connection 5 can be integrated into the structure of the heating radiator 2 already in the heating radiator

I in the manufacturing phase, when energy transfer can be maximized. a

O 30 — Different temperatures in different stages and/or points of the method are presented below as an example. The examples show air entering the supply air duct

The temperature D and the air entering the room after passing through the condenser are shown

N temperature, resulting in a temperature increase from the outside air to the incoming air. The temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium returning from the condenser to the evaporator and the temperature of the steam passing from the evaporator to the condenser are also shown, resulting in the temperature difference between the liquid and vaporized heat transfer medium.

The heating power of the radiator and the air volume of the supply air are also shown. The efficiency of the system improves the greater the temperature difference between the outside air and the inside air.

Example 1:

Outside air temperature: -10.6 °C.

Supply air temperature after the condenser: 4.7 °C.

Temperature of the liquid returning to the evaporator: 8.8 *C.

Temperature of the gas returning to the condenser: 11.2 *C.

Heating power of the radiator: 259 W. — Incoming air volume: 7.7 I/s.

Example 2:

Outdoor temperature: 2.9 *C.

Supply air temperature after the condenser: 11.6 *C.

Temperature of the liquid returning to the evaporator: 15.1 *C. —Temperature of the gas returning to the condenser: 18.3 °C.

Heating power of the radiator: 143 W.

Incoming air volume: 6.9 I/s.

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N Example 3: © 2 Outdoor temperature: -15.1 °C.

E 20 —Temperature of supply air after the condenser: 7.0 °C. = Temperature of the liquid returning to the evaporator: 12.6 *C.

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D Temperature of the gas returning to the condenser: 13.5 *C.

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Heating power of the radiator: 497 W.

Incoming air volume: 7.1 l/s.

Example 4:

Outdoor temperature: -17.5 *C.

Supply air temperature after the condenser: 1.2 *C.

Temperature of the liquid returning to the evaporator: 5.7 °C.

Temperature of the gas returning to the condenser: 7.8 *C.

Heating power of the radiator: 337 W.

Incoming air volume: 7.6 l/s.

The method according to the invention for heating the supply air of the building's room air comprises the following steps: - the vaporizer 3 is placed in connection with the heating radiator 2 of the apartment or in its immediate vicinity; - the condenser 6 is placed in the intake air duct 4 or in its immediate vicinity inside the building 1, so that the condenser is vertically substantially above the evaporator —3; - at least one pipe connection 5 from the evaporator 3 to the condenser 6 is preferably arranged; - alternatively, another pipe connection 8 from the condenser 6 to the evaporator-

N for 3;

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N eo 20 —- the heat transfer agent is vaporized in vaporizer 3; 3 - warm steam is transferred from the evaporator 3 to the condenser 6 under the influence of gravity

E preferably along at least one pipe connection 5 without a compressor or valves; = - thermal energy is transferred with the condenser 6 from the heat transfer medium to the room air supply

S earth, when the heat transfer medium returns to liquid;

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N 25 —- the heat transfer agent is transferred by gravity from the condenser 6 to the evaporator 3, preferably along at least one pipe connection 5 without a compressor or valves.

Alternatively, only one pipe connection can be arranged along which both liquid and vaporized heat transfer medium move simultaneously, or a separate pipe connection can be arranged for liquid heat transfer medium and vaporized heat transfer medium. —The method according to the invention for heating the incoming air of the building can additionally comprise filtering the incoming air with a filter 11 before the incoming air flows to the condenser 6.

According to the invention, the power of the supply air heating is automatically adjusted due to the effect of the temperature difference between the heating coil 2 and the outside air without separate controls, whereby the circulation of the heat transfer medium is automatically enhanced as the temperature difference increases.

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Claims (16)

Patent Claims 1. — An arrangement for heating the incoming air of the room air of the building (1), which system comprises the circulation of the heat transfer medium from the evaporator (3) to the condenser (6) and back from the condenser (6) to the evaporator (3), characterized by the fact that the circulation of the heat transfer medium is arranged with at least one with a pipe connection (5) between the evaporator and the condenser, and the evaporator (3) is installed in connection with the heating radiator (2) of the apartment and the condenser (6) in the supply air duct (4) or in its immediate vicinity inside the building (1) so that the condenser (6) is vertically essentially above the evaporator (3), in which case the circulation of the heat transfer medium is carried out on a gravity basis without valves and a compressor. 2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating power of the supply air is automatically adjusted by the effect of the temperature difference between the heating coil (2) and the outside air without separate controls. 3. An arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flow of the inlet air duct (4) is a free flow without the assistance of a fan. 4. An arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet air duct (4) has a fan assisting the flow. 5. An arrangement according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the inlet air duct has a filter (11) before the condenser (6). 6. An arrangement according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that a first pipe connection (5) from the O condenser (6) to the evaporator (3) is arranged for the N liquid heat transfer medium and a second pipe connection (8) from the evaporator (3) to the condenser (6) for the vaporized heat transfer medium . o 7 30 7. An arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe connection/pipe connections (5, 8) branch into two or more pipes O in the condenser (6) and/or the evaporator (3). LO 3 D 8. An arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipe connection/pipe connections (5, 8) with the condenser (6) and/or the evaporator (3) deviate from the horizontal in order to achieve better gravity-effected movement of the heat transfer medium. 9. A method for heating the room air supply air of the building (1), which method includes the following steps: - the evaporator (3) is placed in connection with the heating radiator (2) of the apartment or in its immediate vicinity; - the condenser (6) is placed in the intake air duct (4) or in its immediate vicinity inside the building (1) so that the condenser (6) is vertically substantially above the evaporator (3); - at least one pipe connection (5) is arranged from the evaporator (3) to the condenser (6); - the heat transfer agent is vaporized in the vaporizer (3); - warm steam is transferred by gravity from the evaporator (3) to the condenser (6) along the pipe connection (5) without a compressor or valves; - thermal energy is transferred by the condenser (6) from the heat transfer medium to the incoming air, whereby the heat transfer medium returns to a liquid; - the heat transfer agent is transferred by gravity from the condenser (6) to the evaporator (3) along the pipe connection (5) without a compressor or valves. 10. The method according to claim 9 for heating the supply air of the building (1), characterized in that the method also comprises filtering the supply air with a filter (11) before the supply air flows to the condenser (6). 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10 for heating the supply air of the building (1), characterized in that the heating power is automatically adjusted due to the temperature difference between the heating radiator (2) and the outside air without separate controls, whereby the circulation of the heat transfer agent is automatically enhanced as the temperature difference increases. N N 12. A method according to one of the preceding claims 9-11 for heating the building & (1) supply air, characterized in that the flow 2 30 of the supply air duct (4) is a free flow. = - 13. A method according to one of the previous claims 9-11 for heating the supply air of the building = (1), characterized in that the flow 3 of the supply air duct (4) is assisted by a fan. IS 14. A method according to one of the previous claims 9-13 for heating the supply air of the building (1), characterized in that separate pipe connections (5, 8) are arranged for the vaporized heat transfer agent and the liquid heat transfer agent. 15. A method for heating the supply air of a building (1) according to one of the previous claims 9-14, characterized in that the pipe connection/connections (5, 8) are installed in the condenser (6) and/or evaporator (3) deviated from the horizontal. 16. A method for heating the supply air of a building (1) according to one of the preceding claims 9-15, characterized in that the pipe connection/connections (5, 8) branch into two or more pipes in the evaporator (3) and/or condenser (6). N N O N © <Q o O I a a LO N LO LO o O N