FI12994Y1 - Apparatus for charging electric vehicles and for managing and controlling the other electrical load of a building - Google Patents

Abstract

Equipment for measuring and controlling electrical load in real time, which equipment comprises at least openable measuring loops for measuring electric current and high-performance microprocessor technology, characterized in that it comprises: a) an S0-pulse photosensitive light sensor and its reading (22) to read a load indication generated by an electricity meter in accordance with standard DIN 43864, b) a program device (10, 29) and programmable load control tools to generate the functionality generated by the equipment, c) a radio transmitter and a receiver (16) transmitting and receiving measurement data via a radio path, d) an interconnected radio connection (17) of iEVCC devices to separate different equipment in their function within the same coverage area of the radio path, e) load control relays K1 (13), K2 (14) and / or K3 (15) to connect the controlled loads to the equipment, f) generating an SO pulse and a CP signal (23) to connect g) charging devices in accordance with standards DIN 43864 and SAE J1772, g) a programmable memory device (12, 29) for storing and controlling measurement data and load control situations, h) WLAN connectors (24) for transmitting information outside the iEVCC device bidirectionally known services in digital media and services available on a public network or on the WWW network.

Description

HARDWARE FOR CHARGING AND BUILDING ELECTRIC VEHICLES

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an apparatus for controlling and controlling the charging of electric vehicles and other electrical loads. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus using a radio connection between a measuring head and load controls. The operating environment of the apparatus according to the invention for controlling electrical loads is real estate such as a detached house, an apartment building and a terraced house. According to the invention, the equipment comprehensively controls the electrical loads so that the maximum consumption capacity of the property or apartment is not exceeded. - PRIOR ART The maximum consumption capacity of a property is determined by an agreement between the electricity distribution network and the electricity consumer, which is technically implemented by using electrical fuses of the agreed size in the property. In Finland, a typical detached house or terraced house-specific electrical connection is implemented with 230/400 ACV AC voltage and 25A fuses. Thus, the maximum connection power is 17,250W. The owner of the electricity distribution network can, of course, generate more power for consumers, but the fixed monthly cost of the electricity connection will increase significantly. On the other hand, it is not - it makes sense to dimension capacity only according to peak loads, especially when consumers ’can opt for intelligent load control without compromising on living comfort and 3 safety. Nn? It has been known for years that detached houses, especially direct electric heaters, have been using N 30 - simple load control between, for example, an electric heater and a heating or z water heater. Its use makes sense when it comes to load sharing between just two different N electrical devices, regardless of the rest of the load environment.

S O With the proliferation of rechargeable electric vehicles, significant> 35 capacity challenges have emerged locally. Condominiums and homeowners need to think about how to manage electrical loads so that the main fuse of the entire housing association, apartment and detached house does not trip and cause a power failure.

A typical solution is to restrict or even prohibit the charging of electric cars in housing associations, especially with a higher known charging power capacity of 11,000W. Another option is to start new cabling of both external and internal power to the property.

Neither of the previous approaches is good. There are even differences and costs between residents, for which there may not be willing payers at all. In a detached house, the situation is simpler, because the owner can make as he wishes. Building additional capacity on both networks is expensive.

At worst, yard areas have to be dug open.

There are many different technical devices for controlling the electrical load. But they are either large and expensive systems for industrial use or do not form a functionally complete device according to the invention. They do not use a radio connection - between the measuring head and the load control, as the device according to the invention does. There are also known systems, for example a block heater for controlling the capacity of sockets or smart sockets for controlling charging for charging and load control of several electric vehicles.

- This has highlighted the clear need to develop known solutions for cheaper load control suitable for housing companies and detached houses. Also, avoiding different types of excavation work to install underground cables or control cables is very important in this matter. Intelligent load control avoids these disadvantages and also saves on the monthly cost of the electricity connection. With regard to the electricity network, it can also be said that the distribution network will be more advantageous when it can be dimensioned on the basis of a controlled electricity load, and not only on the basis of peak loads.

S Nn

PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION N 30 z The purpose of the apparatus according to the invention is to intelligently control one or more N electrical loads in a housing association and a detached house, in a “load environment”.

S The apparatus according to the invention has already been tested successfully.

O The load environment is typically controlled by: electric vehicle charging,> 35 - electric sauna, domestic hot water heater and, for example, direct electric heating. Load management is real-time, accurate and cost-effective.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EQUIPMENT The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the load control comprises: e current measuring sensors e receiving a pulse replication and generating a known SAE J1772 CP signal with a delay of up to five seconds from the measurement, e statistical, diagnostic and control information, and e for hardware monitors and a smartphone application developed for the needs of the invention. The load control is based on the electric load management profile according to the user-set limit values used by the apparatus according to the invention. As a result of the reasoning, the equipment intelligently controls the electrical loads off and on. A management profile is a set of instructions used by a software device. The software device produces four things: _ - controls all three loads, for example, by:

S N a. Loads are diverted when the total load on the electrical interface is T i.electric vehicle charge: 95%, or more than possible N 30 ii.electric heater: 85%, or more than possible z iii. hot water heater: 75%, or more than possible

N S b. The load is controlled alternately to vary when the total load is S i.electric vehicle charge: 95%, or more than possible 5 35 ii.electric heater and hot water heater alternate when: 85%, or more than possible c. only controls the charging of the electric vehicle when the charging load is 95% or more than the total load, but does not control the electric heater or hot water heater d. the hardware only measures and displays the amount of electrical load to the user, but no load control is performed in steps a, b and c of the previous software operation.

In accordance with the control profile, the software device takes into account, for example, the energy price in the electricity market in different operating modes based on the user's needs in relation to the time of day, hot water and battery life of the electric vehicle.

- The control levels of the control profile (for example 75%, 85% and 95%) are user-adjustable. Load control can also apply to underfloor heating, an air compressor or a ground source heat pump, for example.

In addition to the above, the apparatus according to the invention, preferably: e also measures the loading load in real time, e the software hardware includes a time constant for recovery from load control situations, in connection with load recovery makes the calculation sufficiently free? to ensure load capacity by preventing load control oscillation, N 30 z e equipment is preferred to acquire and manage. Access control is selected in three different ways:

N = o fully automatic, S o with simple operating switches and / or, S 35 o with a smartphone application e the equipment supports the data transmission protocol by radio and the transmitting and receiving end pairing of the equipment according to the invention, can choose the solution for his own needs e according to the software control of the equipment according to the invention, a real-time or stored snapshot of the load and load control is compiled for use by the control center as an additional service. The snapshot is provided, for example, to a smartphone in such a way that the hardware produces its own local wireless local area network (WLAN) to which the smartphone can be connected in known ways to consume and control the hardware according to operating modes. - In the field tests performed, it has been established that the equipment works e.g. Tesla, Volvo, Hyundai and BMW electric car charge management and e.g. for efficient air compressor load control. It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited exclusively to the above-mentioned application examples and use situations, but may vary according to the load environment.

HARDWARE - The invention relates to an apparatus as a whole for measuring and controlling the total electrical load. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus using a radio connection N between a measuring head and load controls.

OF

K <Q

LO N 30 - CHARACTERISTICS AND STRUCTURAL PARTS OF THE EQUIPMENT The apparatus according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of the independent S device claim. The apparatus according to the invention is a complete O system by means of which the functionality according to the invention can be implemented. The apparatus according to the invention comprises known three-phase electrical network measurement sensors, known S0 pulse reading and generation, known CP signal generation,

known microprocessor controlled by software according to the invention, known LoRa transmitter and receiver radio, known control relays, known WLAN transmitter and receiver, known OLED display and communication.

The apparatus according to the invention is entirely new. In addition to this novelty value, as a functional overall equipment, it has a significant difference in a new way to the known control of electric car charging and other loads. The manufacture of hardware industrially is normal for the manufacture of electronics and mass production is smooth and very inexpensive.

- The apparatus according to the invention is installed in a known DIN rail housing in a known electrical cabinet and, as an option for the consumer, a monitor in a known wall box for monitoring in the apartment. Thus, the apparatus according to the invention operates either in the background or visible according to the individual interest of the consumer. Equipment self-consumption, energy demand is low, about 1W.

Structural components of the apparatus according to the invention at measuring and control points: e means for measuring and interpreting electric current (11) (openable current loops (e.g. SCT103)) e S0 pulse measurement (22), light-sensitive light sensor (e.g. LDR-A) e microprocessor and software ( 10, 12, 29) (software device (eg Atmega 328/2560 and C ++)) e LoRario radio transmitter and receiver (16) (microprocessor and 868MHz radio technology (eg RFM95W-868S2)) e WLAN / WiFi device (24) (microprocessor and 2.4 GHz radio technology (eg ESP-8266) e SO pulse and CP signal generating elements (23) (software device, timer integrated circuit (eg NE555)) | e OLED display and controls controlled by the 12C PCB protocol (57) (eg SSD1306) N e Control profile and hardware mode DIP selector switches (58) (eg A6S2104H). e load control means (13, 14, 15) (e.g. signal relay IM23TS) I e power unit (230ACV / 5V) N 30 e device housing (27) (e.g. CNMB / 3 / KIT) ze electronics circuit board for device according to the invention (50) (e.g. JLCPCB - factory) N e and a software application for use in a smartphone (26) (eg iOS, Json) 3 S Figure 6 shows the listing of the electronic components of the device and their mutual mechanical position in relation to each other on the electronic circuit board.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The operation, terms and quantities of the device will be clear to a person skilled in the art from the description of the figures. The individual devices in the apparatus according to the invention and their operation, as well as the essential issues and conditions related to the operating environment: Figure 1, according to the numbering

1. Main electrical station (dashed area). It is known as either a separate closet or equipment room, typically located in the basement of a property or on a detached house plot

2. Canopy or property or apartment (area delimited by a dashed line). Known electric car charging systems outdoors in a canopy or parking area. Other known electrical loads are controlled in the apartment

3. Known electrical network supplying three-phase 230 - 400ACV, 50Hz energy

4. Energy direction from the grid to fuses, electricity meters and loads

5. Known fuses for three-phase mains connection. Their known, typical size is 25A

6. Well-known electricity meter, owned and controlled by the network company

7. Known inputs from an electricity meter for loads in a property or apartment

8. The inputs are connected to the load controls (13, 14, 15) in (2)

9. Electric loads known as examples in the figure: electric vehicle charger (18), electric heater (19), domestic water heater (20)

10. Measurement according to the invention, “IEVCC” (Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging Control.) 5 11. Three-phase current measurement using real-time current loops S 12. iIEVCC control comprising hardware elements, software and N radio engineering devices according to the invention 0 30 13. Charge control relay for a known electric vehicle, K1 I 14. Known load control relay K2, for example electric heater or direct electric heating E 15. Known load control relay K3, for example water heater = 16. Known LoRa radio technology, known in loT solutions S 17. The radio range is sufficient for the equipment N according to the invention 35 18. A known charging device for an electric vehicle, power, for example, 4 - 22 kW

19. Known electric heater, power for example 3 - 9kW

20. Known domestic hot water heater, power for example 3 - 6kW

21. Known underground cable between locations (1) and (2), cable length e.g. 10 - 200m, the expensive modification of which is most often unnecessary by the equipment according to the invention

22. S0 pulse display on the electricity meter (6) with LED light

23. Generating an S0 pulse and a CP signal in the IEVCC (12) for the smart charger (18). SO pulse and CP signal serve as alternatives to charge control relay K1 (13)

24. A known WLAN network for transmitting information to a smartphone (26) and for controlling the method and apparatus according to the invention therein, as well as for using the services of a known digital media web network

A remote monitor for monitoring the events of the apparatus according to the invention in the apartment separately or together with a smartphone (26). The remote monitor listens to LoRa (16) radio traffic and performs local data processing

26. Well-known smartphone and WLAN

29. IEVCC operating system and application software Figure 2, according to numbering Situation of Figure 2 when the apparatus according to the invention is not in use

30. Power required by the load environment (2) [W].

31. When the fuse size is 25A, the maximum power at the site is 17,250W

32. Example of a graph of the power consumption of a load environment per day. At that point (32) the maximum power is exceeded and the fuses (line protectors) trip, making a power failure: 33. as (32) N 34. as (32, 33). 35. Consumption profile of the load environment in day I 36. Low power required by the load environment, in which case load control is not required N 30 37. as (31) as a graph indicating the maximum power at the place of use »

N = Fig. 3, according to numbering S Situation of Fig. 3 when the apparatus according to the invention is in use S 35

30. Power required by the load environment (2) [W].

31. When the fuse size is 25A, the maximum power at the site is 17,250W

42. An example graph of the power consumption of a load environment when controlled. The maximum load does not exceed the permissible when, for example, the electric heater or the hot water heater are separated as loads by load separators K2 and K3 (14, 15)

43. such as (42)

44. as (42, 43) Fig. 4, according to numbering The situation of Fig. 4 when the apparatus according to the invention is used in different places - in the operating environment

26. A well-known smartphone and / or tablet with a WEB browser type application

27. IEVCC device mounting box. The iEVCC measurement (10) and the IEVCC control (12) are typically located in different locations related to the structures of the operating environment. The distance between the main center (1) and the carport (2) can be tens of meters. The data transmission is performed with the equipment according to the invention in connection with the LoRa radio (16). The mounting housings (27) are similar for iEVCC measurement and control devices. A known DIN rail housing type is used as the mounting housing.

28. A separate use of the IEVCC monitoring device (25) is also possible in the situation according to Figure 4, if the IEVCC control (12) is optionally equipped with a LoRa radio (16). WLAN (24) is also an option but is usually provided in the situations shown in Figures 4 and 5

29. The IEVCC software is the same in all the situations shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

OF O OF

K <Q

LO OF I E

N Oo

O QA O OF ID

Fig. 5, according to numbering The situation of Fig. 5, when the apparatus according to the invention is used in the same place, in the operating environment

27. The IEVCC device mounting housing (27) has both measurement and control In the situation of Figure 5, the IEVCC measurement and control are in the same housing (27). One and the same IEVCC device does everything necessary to perform the functionality according to the invention. The LoRa radio (16) is not used. WLAN (24) and LoRa radio (16) are - possible to use as an option in the situation according to Fig. 5. Fig. 6, according to numbering Situation of Fig. 6, circuit board of the electronics of the apparatus according to the invention. Overview

50. The electronics circuit board of an iEVCC device according to the invention

51. Switching point of known slope control relays (13, 14, 15)

52. Installation location of the known LoRa radio (16) on a circuit board (50)

53. Microprocessor and software of the iEVCC device according to the invention (29)

54. An element according to the invention for signal generation, an SO pulse and a CP signal

55. Location of a known WLAN device on a circuit board

56. Bodies for measuring electrical loads (11)

57. Access point for known organs using the 12C protocol

58. Known DIP selector switches for control profile and hardware operating mode. DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE INVENTION

N N In the apparatus according to the invention:

S O 30 - Main electrical switchboard (1). It is either a separate closet or equipment room, typically located on the basement floor of a property z or on a detached house plot. Naturally, its location relative to the A load compartment varies from property to property. Electricity company's cable for the property's electricity = to be decided at the electricity main center or plot center.

O

S S 35 - Canopy, carport, garage or property or apartment (2) are installation places for electric car charging systems in addition to the parking area. Other controllable loads (19, 20) are typically in apartments.

The electrical network (3) supplies three-phase 230 - 400ACV 50Hz power and energy direction (4) from the network to fuses (5), electricity meters (6) and loads (18, 19, 20).

The fuses (5) are three-phase for mains connection. Their overall size is 25A, allowing the use of 17,250W of power. The fuse size is determined by the network company in relation to the estimated amount of energy, according to the maximum load. The electricity meter (6) is the interface between the network company and the customer.

- The inputs (7) from the electricity meter to the electrical loads in the building or apartment are most often run as an underground cable. Its sizing is usually accurate and does not allow the use of larger fuses (line protectors). Significant new cabling contracts are being phased out in housing associations, especially if they are due to charging arrangements for only a few electric vehicles. The division between costs and property value development is also difficult to deal with - in housing companies. With the equipment according to the invention, the costs are about 1/10 - even lower compared to a new underground cabling contract. The inputs are connected to the load controls (13, 14, 15). Load control types are potential-free and can control phase voltages up to 230ACV. In sleep mode - the load controls (13, 14, 15) transmit electricity to the loads. Figure 1 shows, by way of example (9), a hot water heater (20), an electric heater (19). Naturally, other loads such as an air compressor, freezer, etc. are also possible.

The measurement (10) according to the invention, “IEVCC” (Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging Control N), receives the data of the three-phase current measurement (11). in real time. It processes the data into meaningful information and packages it? and transmits it via the LoRa radio (16, 17) to the IEVCC for control N 30 (12) and remote monitoring (25). LoRa radio technology is not the only one possible in the technology z according to the invention, but, for example, the known ZigBee, or other known loT N data transmission methods, can be used.

The S IEVCC control (12), comprising the necessary means, software and> 35 radio equipment according to the invention, receives the information sent by the IEVCC (10).

The IEVCC control has a description of the operating environment parameterized as user data, including fuse sizes (5), and loads (18, 19, 20). IEVCC utilizes extensive (more than 3000 lines of software) software developed for the application according to the invention, software device (29). The software is the same for iEVCC measurement (10), control (12) and remote monitoring (25). The parameterization describes the operating profile of the IEVCC in relation to the maximum power (37) and the different operating environments according to Figures 4 and 5. The action profile is made either - as a factory installation or as a user action with a smartphone application (26). The apparatus according to the invention also learns to know its surroundings and thus the load controls (13, 14, 15) on and off take place as planned in relation to the maximum power (37).

The load controls (13, 14, 15) are controlled separately for the loads (18, 19, 20). Electric vehicle charge control relay, is K1 (13). The load control relay K2 (14) is, for example, an electric heater or for direct electric heating. The load control relay K3 (15) is, for example, for controlling the water heater. Electric vehicle charger (18), power e.g. 4 - = 22kW, electric heater (19) power e.g. 3-9kW and domestic water heater (20), power e.g. 3-6kW. LoRa radio technology (16) is widely used in known loT solutions. Its Radio Range (17) is good and meets the needs of the invention well. Other - radio technologies are also possible. 3 Ground cable (21) between locations (1) and (2), the extension of which is most often unnecessary to obtain by the N apparatus according to the invention. It is a significant advantage for both the condominium? for detached home environments. Naturally, if the additional load required is decisively N 30 = higher, additional cabling cannot be avoided, but the equipment according to the invention is a z competitive alternative when the need for modification is moderate in relation to the main fuses. N Statistics and load timing intersect the “peak load” (32, 33, 34 and 42, 43, 44). S Maximum capacity (37) is rarely, if ever, exceeded.

QA 8> 35 - In addition to or instead of the electric current measurement (11), the apparatus according to the invention preferably also uses the S0 pulse display LED light (22) in the electric meter. The two measuring methods (11, 22) can be used together or separately. The apparatus according to the invention is most preferably an iEVCC (10, 12) when, for example, an SO pulse (22) is used to read the main meter of the entire property. The environment of the place of use can be, for example, a 10-apartment condominium. Thus - adding up the capacities per apartment, the main fuse size of the housing association should be 10 x 25 = 250A. However, this is not the case in practice, but the fuse size is, for example, 200A. That is, the design relies on statistics that not all possible loads are on at the same time.

- The apparatus according to the invention measures both the total current of the housing association S0 pulse (22) and the power consumption per apartment (11). Thus, the iEVCC (10,12) allows the maximum capacity per apartment (37) when, at the level of the housing association, the cumulative total load of the apartments does not exceed the maximum of 200A according to the example. The load control described above is a key advantage of the IEVCC (10,12) with the software (29).

The apparatus according to the invention together (10, 12, 24, 26, 29) retrieves hourly energy price changes from the market, and performs load control under the control of low-cost energy cost information.

The intelligent charger (18) can be controlled by an SO pulse or a CP signal (23, 54) in the IEVCC (12). The S0 pulse or CP signal acts as alternatives to the charge control relay K1 (13). Which load control method is used is based on the situation and possibilities of the operating environment. The selection is made before installing the hardware.

3 USE OF THE INVENTION

K? The apparatus according to the invention is easy to use. The key design criterion for the N 30 is ease of use, or that the user does not have to do anything.

z The system operates automatically by monitoring the electricity consumption (32, 33, 34) and taking N steps to cut the “consumption peaks” (42, 43, 44).

S S For user curiosity or interest, iEVCC (10, 12, 25) S 35 - encapsulated (28), as well as the smartphone application (26) support real-time interactivity with hardware and application.

In addition to the above, the user can choose (58) four different operating modes (points a, b, c and d described below) between the control profile, load control modes: a. Loads are diverted when the total load on the electrical interface is i. Electric vehicle charge: 95%, or more than possible ii. electric heater: 85%, or more than possible ili. hot water heater: 75%, or more than possible b. the load is controlled alternately to vary i. electric vehicle charge: 95%, or more than possible ii. electric heater and hot water heater alternate when: 85%, or more than possible c. only controls the charging of the electric vehicle when the charging load is 95% or more than the total load, but does not control the electric heater or hot water heater d. the apparatus only measures and displays the amount of electrical load to the user (25,28), but no load control is performed - In all previous modes of operation according to the invention, different individual IEVCC (10,12, 57) devices display different phase currents and the received LoRa (16) connection transmitted data amounts, load control K1, K2, K3 (13, 14, 15) states, and e.g. the activity and status of the charger (18). All the same information is also available on the smartphone (26).

‘Hardware installation is easy. A standard approved electrician can 3 perform voltage-free installations as instructed in the installation instructions.

K I On the other hand, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that with the development of methods and equipment N 30 - and with the stabilization of the market, the equipment according to the invention and their use are self-evident. So far, however, it is known that no major player such as N, for example ABB or Schneider, has published a corresponding apparatus according to the invention.

S OF ID

Claims (1)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Apparatus for real-time measurement and control of electrical loads, comprising at least openable measuring loops for measuring electrical current and high-performance microprocessor technology, characterized in that it comprises: a) a light-sensitive light sensor , b) software means for the program device (10, 29) and the load control to form the functionality provided by the hardware; c) to transmit and receive measurement data of the radio transmitter and receiver (16) by radio; e) load control relays K1 (13), K2 (14) and / or K3 (15) for connecting the loads to be controlled to the equipment, f) for controlling the S0 pulse and CP signal (23) generation chargers according to DIN 43864 and SAE J1772 g) the program (h) WLAN connection devices (24) for the two-way transmission of information outside the IEVCC device between known digital media and public or web-based services. OF O OF K <Q LO OF I E N Oo O QA O N 5