FI127702B - Method for separating nitrogen from biomass - Google Patents

Method for separating nitrogen from biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
FI127702B
FI127702B FI20175996A FI20175996A FI127702B FI 127702 B FI127702 B FI 127702B FI 20175996 A FI20175996 A FI 20175996A FI 20175996 A FI20175996 A FI 20175996A FI 127702 B FI127702 B FI 127702B
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FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
biomass
mixture
reactor
steam
ammonia
Prior art date
Application number
FI20175996A
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Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
FI20175996A1 (en
Inventor
Jouni Niskanen
Arto Tiainen
Jussi Järvenpää
Kimmo Niskanen
Mikko Ahokas
Original Assignee
Eneferm Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Eneferm Oy filed Critical Eneferm Oy
Priority to FI20175996A priority Critical patent/FI127702B/en
Priority to PCT/FI2018/050817 priority patent/WO2019092314A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI20175996A1 publication Critical patent/FI20175996A1/en
Publication of FI127702B publication Critical patent/FI127702B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/38—Steam distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C3/00—Treating manure; Manuring
    • A01C3/02—Storage places for manure, e.g. cisterns for liquid manure; Installations for fermenting manure
    • A01C3/023—Digesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
    • B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
    • B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/08—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/025—Thermal hydrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/06—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by chemical means or hydrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/20—Heating; Cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a method for separating nitrogen from biomass, wherein the method comprises a feeding step for feeding biomass and a first mixture comprising ammonia and steam to a reactor (100); a pH adjusting step for adjusting the pH of the biomass to between 10 to 11; a treating step for treating biomass and the first mixture comprising ammonia and steam in the reactor (100) for a time of at least 60 minutes in the temperature of 70 to 100 °C to obtain treated biomass and a second mixture comprising ammonia and steam; a biomass removing step for removing treated biomass from the reactor (100); a mixture removing step for removing second mixture comprising ammonia and steam from the reactor (100); and a heating step for heating a part of the second mixture comprising ammonia and steam using forced convection to obtain the first mixture comprising ammonia and steam; wherein the steam of the first mixture and the second mixture originates only from water evaporated in the reactor (100).

Description

METHOD FOR SEPARATING NITROGEN FROM BIOMASS
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates to treating biomass, and more particularly to separating nitrogen from biomass.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
Document EP 2837679 A1 discloses a process to reduce nitrogen from organic substrates with a high nitrogen content, such as the manure produced by laying hens or other poultry, by means of a thermal pre-treatment in two stages that favours the transformation of organic nitrogen content in organic substrates with high concentrations of total nitrogen into ammonia for its subsequent removal. This procedure implements a sequence that is composed of a heating to temperatures typical of the hydrolysis/acidogenesis followed by a second step of heat treatment, with raising the temperature up to temperatures between 65 and 95°C.
US 2009050134 A1 discloses a method for treating biomass that uses an apparatus which moves a biomass and dilute aqueous ammonia mixture through reaction chambers without compaction. The apparatus moves the biomass using a non-compressing piston. The resulting treated biomass is saccharified to produce fermentable sugars.
A problem with the known process is that it requires a lot of energy.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method to solve the above problems.
The objects of the disclosure are achieved by a method which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claims. The preferred embodiments of the disclosure are disclosed in the dependent claims.
The disclosure is based on the idea of stripping volatile nitrogen compounds in a reactor as ammonia gas for obtaining a mixture of ammonia and steam and then recycle the mixture back to the reactor after heating the mixture using forced convection.
An advantage of the method of the disclosure is that the energy contained in the mixture of ammonia and steam is recycled to the reactor and thus utilized in the process, resulting in lower energy consumption.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the disclosure will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
20175996 prh 08 -11- 2017
Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of the disclosure according to an embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
The disclosure relates to a method for separating nitrogen from biomass. The biomass is water-containing biomass. For example, the biomass is manure, such as chicken manure, food waste, waste of animal origin, such as meat or fish, or waste sludge from industry. For example, the nitrogen in the biomass is in the form of ammonium cations (NH4 + (aq.))
The method comprises a feeding step for feeding biomass and a first mixture comprising ammonia (NH3) and steam to a reactor 100. For example, the reactor 100 is a hydrolysis reactor for hydrolysing biomass, a hygienization reactor for hygienizing biomass or a reactor performing both hydrolysis of the biomass and hygienization of the biomass. According to an embodiment, the reactor performs solely the separation of nitrogen from the biomass.
The feeding of biomass is performed by a biomass feeding means 101 arranged to feed biomass from a biomass supply to the reactor 100. For example, the biomass feeding means 101 comprises a conveyor, such as a belt conveyor or a spiral conveyor. The feeding of the first mixture is performed by a mixture feeding means 103 arranged to feed the first mixture from a first mixture supply to the reactor 100. For example, the mixture feeding means 103 comprises a valve.
The method comprises a pH adjusting step for adjusting the pH of the biomass to between
10 to 11. In this pH, volatile nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium cations, in the biomass are prone to separate from the biomass as ammonia. In other words, when pH is raised to a value of at least 10, ammonium cations are converted into ammonia. According to an embodiment, the pH adjusting step is performed by adding base, such as NaOH, to the biomass. According to an embodiment, NaOH is added to the biomass in an amount of 0.1 to 2 % by weight of the biomass. The adding of base is performed by a base feeding means 102 arranged to feed base from a base supply to the reactor 100. For example, the base feeding means 102 comprises a valve.
The method comprises a treating step for treating biomass and the first mixture comprising ammonia and steam in the reactor 100 for a time of at least 60 minutes in the temperature of 70 to 100 °C to obtain treated biomass and a second mixture comprising ammonia and steam. In the treating step, volatile nitrogen compounds are separated from the biomass as gaseous ammonia. Optionally, biomass is simultaneously hydrolysed and hygienized. Due to the heat in the reactor, steam is generated from water contained in the biomass. The steam of the first mixture and the second mixture originates only from water
20175996 prh 08 -11- 2017 evaporated in the reactor 100. In other words, no steam from external sources is used in the method. During the treating step in the reactor 100, ammonium cations are converted into ammonium, and the first mixture is converted into a second mixture. In other words, the second mixture is formed by ammonia of the first mixture, ammonia separated from biomass, steam of the first mixture and steam generated from the biomass. The treating step may be performed in a batch operating reactor 100 or in a continuously operating reactor 100.
The method comprises a biomass removing step for removing treated biomass from the reactor 100. The biomass removing step is performed by a biomass removing means 104 arranged to remove biomass from the reactor 100. The biomass removing means 104 comprises for example a conveyor, such as a belt conveyor or a spiral conveyor. The removed biomass is recovered for a further use.
The method comprises a mixture removing step for removing second mixture comprising ammonia and steam from the reactor 100. The mixture removing step is performed by a mixture removing means 105 arranged to remove biomass from the reactor. The mixture removing means 105 comprises for example a valve. Preferably second mixture is removed continuously, i.e. not periodically, from the reactor 100 during operation of the reactor 100.
The method comprises a heating step for heating a part of the second mixture comprising ammonia and steam using forced convection to obtain the first mixture comprising ammonia and steam. According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the heating step is performed using a heating means 200, such as a heat exchanger. Before the heating step the part of the second mixture is separated from the second mixture. The separation is performed by a separation means 106. The remaining part of the second mixture is recovered for a further use. As a result, the total content of nitrogen in the biomass inside the reactor 100 is continuously lowered during treating in the reactor 100.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the feeding step, treating step, biomass removing step, mixture removing step and heating step are performed in vacuum conditions compared to the ambient pressure. In other words, the steps are performed in conditions where the pressure inside the system is lower than the ambient pressure.
Vacuum conditions improve removal of the volatile hydrogen compounds from the biomass. In order to maintain the vacuum conditions, the method is performed in conditions where entry of ambient air into the reactor 100 is prevented. In other words, the reactor 100 is air tight.
According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the feeding step comprises a blowing step for blowing the first mixture from the heating step to the reactor 100. The blowing step is performed by a blowing means 300, such as a blower, arranged to blow the first mixture from the heating means 200 to the reactor 100. For example, the blowing means 300 is comprised in the mixture feeding means 103. For example, the forced convection of the heating step is caused by the blowing step.
EXAMPLE
Biomass, being chicken manure, having solids content of 50 % by weight is fed to a continuous hydrolysis chamber acting as a reactor at a rate of 1000 kg/h. Heat as a heated mixture comprising ammonia and steam is fed to the hydrolysis chamber at a power of 40 kW. NaOH fed to the hydrolysis chamber for raising the pH of the biomass in the hydrolysis chamber to 10. The average dwell time of the biomass in the hydrolysis chamber is 2,5 hours and the average temperature is 90 °C.
In the hydrolysis chamber a mixture of ammonia and steam is formed at a rate of 40 kg/h, resulting in the release of 10 kg/h of ammonium from the biomass in the hydrolysis chamber. The overall nitrogen content of the chicken manure feed is approximately 27 kg/h.

Claims (6)

1. Menetelmä typen erottamiseksi biomassasta, menetelmän käsittäessäA method of separating nitrogen from biomass, the method comprising - syöttövaiheen biomassan ja ensimmäisen seoksen syöttämiseksi reaktoriin (100);a feed step for feeding the biomass and the first mixture to the reactor (100); 5 - käsittelyvaiheen biomassan ja ensimmäisen seoksen käsittelemiseksi reaktorissa (100) vähintään 60 minuutin ajan lämpötilassa 70-100 °C käsitellyn biomassan ja toisen seoksen aikaansaamiseksi;A treatment step for treating the biomass and the first mixture in the reactor (100) for at least 60 minutes at a temperature of 70-100 ° C to provide the treated biomass and the second mixture; - biomassan poistovaiheen käsitellyn biomassan poistamiseksi reaktorista (100); jaa biomass removal step for removing the treated biomass from the reactor (100); and 10 - seoksen poistovaiheen toisen seoksen poistamiseksi reaktorista (100);A step of removing the mixture from the reactor (100); tunnettu siitä, että menetelmä käsittäächaracterized in that the method comprises - pH:n säätövaiheen biomassan pH:n säätämiseksi välillä 10-11 käyttäen emästä; jaa pH adjustment step for adjusting the pH of the biomass between 10 and 11 using a base; and - lämmitysvaiheen osan toisesta seoksesta lämmittämiseksi käyttäen pakotettua- heating the second mixture of a portion of the heating step using forced 15 konvektiota ensimmäisen seoksen aikaansaamiseksi;15 convections to provide a first mixture; jolloin ensimmäisen seoksen ja toisen seoksen höyry on peräisin ainoastaan reaktorissa (100) haihtuneesta vedestä;wherein the vapor of the first mixture and the second mixture is derived only from water evaporated in the reactor (100); ensimmäinen seos käsittää ammoniakkia ja höyryä, ja se saadaan aikaanthe first mixture comprises ammonia and steam and is obtained 20 lämmittämällä osaa toisesta seoksesta; ja toinen seos käsittää ammoniakkia ja höyryä, ja se saadaan aikaan käsittelemällä biomassaa, emästä ja ensimmäistä seosta reaktorissa (100).20 heating a portion of the second mixture; and the second mixture comprises ammonia and steam and is obtained by treating the biomass, base and first mixture in the reactor (100). 2. Vaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että syöttövaihe, käsittelyvaihe, biomassan poistovaihe, seoksen poistovaihe ja lämmitysvaihe suoritetaanProcess according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding step, the treatment step, the biomass removal step, the mixture removal step and the heating step are carried out 25 alipaineolosuhteissa verrattuna ympäröivän ilman paineeseen.25 under reduced pressure compared to ambient air pressure. 3. Vaatimuksen 1 tai 2 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että lämmitysvaihe suoritetaan lämmitysvälineillä (200), kuten lämmönvaihtimella.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating step is carried out by heating means (200), such as a heat exchanger. 4. Jonkin edellisistä vaatimuksista mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että pH:n säätövaihe suoritetaan lisäämällä NaOH:a biomassaan.Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pH adjustment step is carried out by adding NaOH to the biomass. 5. Vaatimuksen 4 mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että NaOH:a lisätään biomassaan määränä 0,1-2 % biomassan painosta.The process according to claim 4, characterized in that NaOH is added to the biomass in an amount of 0.1 to 2% by weight of the biomass. 6. Jonkin edellisistä vaatimuksista mukainen menetelmä, tunnettu siitä, että syöttövaihe käsittää puhallusvaiheen ensimmäisen seoksen puhaltamiseksi lämmitysvaiheestaMethod according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feeding step comprises a blowing step for blowing the first mixture from the heating step. 5 reaktoriin (100).5 to the reactor (100).
FI20175996A 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 Method for separating nitrogen from biomass FI127702B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20175996A FI127702B (en) 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 Method for separating nitrogen from biomass
PCT/FI2018/050817 WO2019092314A1 (en) 2017-11-08 2018-11-07 Method for separating nitrogen from biomass

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20175996A FI127702B (en) 2017-11-08 2017-11-08 Method for separating nitrogen from biomass

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FI20175996A1 FI20175996A1 (en) 2018-12-31
FI127702B true FI127702B (en) 2018-12-31

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080156726A1 (en) * 2006-09-06 2008-07-03 Fassbender Alexander G Integrating recycle stream ammonia treatment with biological nutrient removal
US8445236B2 (en) * 2007-08-22 2013-05-21 Alliance For Sustainable Energy Llc Biomass pretreatment
US7819976B2 (en) 2007-08-22 2010-10-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Biomass treatment method
ITTS20130003A1 (en) 2013-08-16 2015-02-17 Igp S R L PROCEDURE AND PLANTS AIMED AT THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN FROM THE AVICULTURAL DEJECTIONS

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FI20175996A1 (en) 2018-12-31
WO2019092314A1 (en) 2019-05-16

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