FI127019B - Sandwich element Wall - Google Patents

Sandwich element Wall Download PDF

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Publication number
FI127019B
FI127019B FI20130153A FI20130153A FI127019B FI 127019 B FI127019 B FI 127019B FI 20130153 A FI20130153 A FI 20130153A FI 20130153 A FI20130153 A FI 20130153A FI 127019 B FI127019 B FI 127019B
Authority
FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
horizontal
sandwich panel
waterproofing
panel wall
water
Prior art date
Application number
FI20130153A
Other languages
Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Other versions
FI20130153A (en
Inventor
Pasi Turpeenniemi
Simo Heikkilä
Harri Kemppainen
Original Assignee
Rautaruukki Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rautaruukki Oyj filed Critical Rautaruukki Oyj
Priority to FI20130153A priority Critical patent/FI127019B/en
Priority to LTEPPCT/EP2014/061112T priority patent/LT3004477T/en
Priority to EP14730470.3A priority patent/EP3004477B1/en
Priority to PL14730470.3T priority patent/PL3004477T3/en
Priority to PCT/EP2014/061112 priority patent/WO2014191483A1/en
Publication of FI20130153A publication Critical patent/FI20130153A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI127019B publication Critical patent/FI127019B/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/90—Curtain walls comprising panels directly attached to the structure
    • E04B2/92—Sandwich-type panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
    • E04B1/644—Damp-proof courses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Description

A SANDWICH PANEL WALL
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sandwich panel wall, in particular to a joint between sandwich panel and a foundation. The invention further relates to a foundation fixing means and a joint between sandwich panels and a frame of building.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sandwich panels are conventionally used in construction applications, such as in warehouses, public buildings, business premises, and agricultural and industrial buildings. In these conventional applications sandwich panels often form the outer wall of building. Sandwich panels are commonly about 0,5-2 m wide and several meters long. Several sandwich panels are installed side by side to cover whole wall. Sandwich panels have one metal sheet as one surface and other metal sheet as other surface and an insulation material such as mineral wool or polyurethane between the metal sheets. Sandwich panels are often installed so that one surface of sandwich panel is outside the building and other surface is inside the building. Further in this document outer refers to an item which is outside of the building or near the surface which is outside the building. Further in this document inner refers to an item which is inside of the building or near the surface which is inside the building. Sandwich panels may be installed in vertical or horizontal direction. Usually sandwich panels are supported by the e.g. steel, wood or concrete frame of building which includes columns, beams and/or other type of girders. A sandwich panel wall is jointed to foundation usually by thin metal U- or L- profiles. The U- or L-profiles are fixed by screws or by other well-known fixing parts both to foundation and sandwich panel to fix the sandwich panel wall to the foundation.
An unexpected weather condition or an error during the installation of sandwich panels or rain during the installation of sandwich panels may cause rain water going into the sandwich panel wall. Water runs in a wall downwards and/or in horizontal direction and water ends up to the lowest possible point of wall which is usually U- or L- profile in the joint between the wall and a foundation. If the U-profile is made of continuous metal sheet, the water will stay long time between the flanges of U-profile which is harmful for the structure. If the joint comprise a thermal slotted U-profile or L-profiles, the leaked water may enter inside the building which is also harmful.
Continuous metal items like the web of U-profiles between the outer surface of wall and the inner surface of wall cause a heat bridge. Temperature on an inner surface near the heat bridge may drop down to the level that humidity in air condensates inside the building which is harmful.
In prior art rain water and/or condensation due to a heat bridge cause a risk of damages for a sandwich panel wall.
Publication US 6,298,619 presents a modular building frame system.
Publication US 7,748,181 presents an advanced building envelope delivery system and method.
Publication US 2002/139059 presents a device which secures external walls and components of a room and which has improved drainage capabilities and aesthetics.
Publication EP 1 312 725 A1 presents an exterior wall panel and corresponding wall structure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides the following solutions for improvements concerning the subjects to which it relates: 1. A sandwich panel wall, comprising a foundation fixing means which further comprising an inner horizontal fixing portion; an outer horizontal fixing portion; an inner vertical water barrier portion; and a combined in- ner vertical water barrier and fixing portion, wherein the foundation fixing means comprises a U-profile, wherein the U-profile comprises the combined inner vertical water barrier and fixing portion, the inner horizontal fixing portion, the outer horizontal fixing portion, and an outer vertical fixing portion, wherein the foundation fixing means comprises also slots in the web of the U-profile as a horizontal thermal insulating portion; wherein a horizontal water barrier portion is provided over the horizontal thermal insulating portion, and a water passage is provided without a gap between the lowest point of a water passage and the uppermost surface of horizontal portion to which a water passage abutted.
Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved water damage preventing and condensation preventing properties. 2. A sandwich panel wall according to item 1, wherein a foundation fixing means comprises a water tight connection between a horizontal and a vertical water barrier portions. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved ability to prevent water leaks inside the building. 3. A sandwich panel wall according to item 2, wherein the outer edge of horizontal water barrier portion is lower than the inner edge of horizontal water barrier portion. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved ability to dry fast. 4. A sandwich panel wall according to item 1,2 or 3, wherein an inner metal surface of sandwich panel in corner has a cutting between outer surface and inner surface of an adjacent sandwich panel wall and/or a vertical fixing portion has accordingly a cutting in the inner vertical fixing portion. 5. A sandwich panel wall according to item 1,2, 3 or 4, wherein a water tight joint is between the column of steel frame and a sandwich panel and/or a tape covers the gap between outer metal surfaces of adjacent sandwich panels. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved ability to prevent water leaks inside the building and/or to sandwich panel wall. 6. A sandwich panel wall according to item 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wherein a foundation fixing means further comprising an outer vertical fixing portion. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved strength and/or tightness in a joint between a sandwich panel wall and a foundation. 7. A sandwich panel wall according to item 6 wherein outer horizontal fixing portion and inner horizontal fixing portion are connected together by a horizontal thermal insulating portion. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved strength and/or it is easier to install. 8. A sandwich panel wall according to item 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 wherein the top surface of horizontal water barrier portion is over or in same level than a horizontal thermal insulating portion and/or horizontal fixing portions. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved ability to dry fast. 9. A sandwich panel wall according to item 5,6,7 or 8 wherein the tape which allows drying outwards from structure but prevent water drops to enter the structure. Such a sandwich panel wall has an improved ability to dry fast.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows one embodiment of a joint between sandwich panel wall and foundation structure according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows other embodiment of a joint between sandwich panel wall and foundation structure according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows a preferable embodiment of wall corner according to the invention; and
Figure 4 shows a preferable embodiment of joint of two sandwich panels to the column
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1 shows the most preferable embodiment of a joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and a foundation structure 2 according to the invention. This embodiment is easy to manufacture and same time it fulfills the improvements of this invention. In this embodiment a sandwich panel wall 1 is jointed to the foundation structure 2 by a foundation fixing means 7. In this embodiment a foundation fixing means 7 comprises an U-profile which further comprises an inner combined water barrier and fixing portion 8, an inner horizontal fixing portion 9, outer horizontal fixing portion 11, an outer vertical fixing portion 12, one or more holes in the lower side of outer vertical fixing portion 12 as a water passage 5 and slots 15 in the web of U- profile as a horizontal insulating portion 10. Preferably the material of U-profile is metal. Most preferable the material of U-profile is 0,5 mm - 4 mm steel. The slots 15 are in more than one queue between outer and inner horizontal fixing portions to prevent the heat bridge effect. The steel material between adjacent slots 15 forms a zig-zag figure. A fixing portion 8,9,11,12 comprises a solid material for screws or fixing parts to attach a sandwich panel wall 1 to a foundation structure 2. In this embodiment a foundation fixing means 7 comprises also a separate horizontal water barrier portion 6. Preferably there is no gap between the lowest point of a water passage 5 and the uppermost surface of horizontal portion to which a water passage 5 abutted on so all water runs out of the structure. The size of water passage 5 is preferably so large that water runs out of the structure despite of the surface tension of water. Preferably the size of water passage is more than 5x5 mm2 or 0 5 mm. Distance between neighboring water passages 5 is preferably 0,4 m-2 m. In this embodiment a horizontal water barrier portion 6 is over a horizontal thermal insulating portion 10. If a horizontal water barrier portion 6 would be under a horizontal thermal insulating portion 10, leaked water stayed in slots 15 which increase the drying time. Preferably in this embodiment there is no gap between a horizontal water barrier portion 6 and an inner vertical water barrier portion 8 so the drying is faster. Preferably the joint between an inner vertical water barrier portion 8 and a horizontal water barrier portion 6 is water tight. A water tight joint may be created e.g. by bonding a horizontal water barrier portion 6 and an inner vertical water barrier portion 8 together. Preferably in this embodiment there is a gap between a horizontal water barrier portion 6 and an outer vertical fixing portion 12. Water in the wall will run to above mentioned gap which fastens drying. All known water insulating materials with low thermal conductivity are suitable for a horizontal water barrier portion 6. Optionally the water insulation material has a corrugation which fastens drying. Preferably the water insulating material bonds by itself to a steel surface. One example of water insulating material is a butyl band.
Preferably in this embodiment a horizontal water barrier portion 6 has an inclination a which improves water to run out of structure through a water passage 5 because the outer edge of horizontal water barrier portion 6 is lower than the inner edge of horizontal water barrier portion 6. Inclination a is created by inclination of the top surface of foundation structure 2 or by material between a foundation structure 2 and a horizontal water barrier portion 6. An inclination a is preferably 1-15 degrees. A joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and a foundation structure 2 according to this invention may comprise solutions which are used commonly in joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and a foundation structure 2 like flashings 14, insulations 13,16 and joint means between sheet of sandwich panel 3,4 and a foundation fixing means 7.
Figure 2 shows one embodiment of a joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and a foundation structure 2 according to the invention. In this embodiment a sandwich panel wall 1 is jointed to the foundation 2 by a foundation fixing means 7. In this embodiment a foundation fixing means 7 comprises one inner L-profile which further comprises an inner vertical fixing portion 8 and an inner horizontal fixing portion 9 and at least one outer L-profile which comprises an outer horizontal fixing portion 11 and an outer vertical fixing portion 12, a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6, a vertical water barrier portion 22, one or more holes in the lower side of outer vertical fixing portion 12 or a gap between outer L-profiles as a water passage 5 and a gap between the fixing portions of an inner and an outer L-profiles 9,11. Preferably the material of L-profile is metal. Most preferably the material of L-profile is 0,5 mm - 4 mm steel. Preferably there is no gap between the lowest point of a water passage 5 and the uppermost surface of horizontal portion to which a water passage 5 abutted on so all water runs outside the wall.
The size of water passage is preferably so large that water runs out of the structure despite of the surface tension of water. Preferably the size of water passage is more than 5 mm, 5x5 mm2 or 0 5 mm. In this embodiment a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6 is over an inner and outer horizontal fixing portion 9, 11. In some embodiments (not shown in picture) the top surface of a horizontal water barrier portion 6 is in same level than the top surfaces of horizontal fixing portions 9, 11. If a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6 would be under an inner and outer horizontal fixing portion 9,11, some of the leaked water stayed in structure which increases the drying time. In this embodiment a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6 and an inner vertical water barrier portion 22 are continuous material which is bended to L shape so there is no seam between an inner vertical water barrier portion 22 and a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6 so all water goes out of the structure through a water passage 5. In this embodiment a gap a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6 and an outer vertical fixing portion 12 is optional. All known water insulating materials with low thermal conductivity are suitable for a combined horizontal water barrier and thermal insulating portion 6 and an inner vertical water barrier portion 8. Preferably the water insulating material bonds to steel surface by itself. Optionally the water insulation material has a corrugation which fastens drying. One example of water insulating material is a butyl band.
Preferably in this embodiment a horizontal water barrier portion 6 has an inclination a which improves leaked water to run out of structure through a water passage 5 because the outer edge of horizontal water barrier portion 6 is lower than the inner edge of horizontal water barrier portion 6. Inclination a is created by inclination in a top surface of foundation structure 2 or by material between a foundation structure 2 and a horizontal water barrier portion 6. An inclination a is preferably 1 -15 degrees.
In this embodiment a joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and a foundation structure 2 may comprise solutions which are used commonly in joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and a foundation structure 2 like flashings, insulations and joint between sheet of sandwich panel 3,4 and a foundation fixing means 7.
In some embodiments joint between a sandwich panel wall 1 and foundation structure 2 comprises only inner L-profile (not shown in picture) but this kind of joint has less stiffness than joint with two L-profiles or one C-profile.
Figure 3 shows one preferable embodiment of wall corner according to the invention. In this embodiment an inner metal surface 4 of the sandwich panel wall 1 comprises a cutting between inner and outer metal surfaces 3, 4 of sandwich panel 19 to improve condensation preventing properties. A vertical fixing portion 7 may have accordingly comprises a cutting in the inner vertical fixing portion. Sandwich panels 1,19 are supported by a steel frame 18.
Figure 4 shows a preferable embodiment of joint of two sandwich panels to the column according to the invention. In this embodiment joint between sandwich panels 1,19 and column of frame 18 comprises a water tight material to prevent water leak to building. The water tight material is any kind of sealant such as e.g. silicon or polyurethane foam. In one preferable embodiment according to the invention the gap between outer metal surfaces 3 of sandwich panels 1, 19 are covered by a tape 21. Preferably the tape is material which allows drying outwards from structure but prevent water drops to enter the structure. Above mentioned material comprise e.g. so small channels that water vapor penetrates the material but water drops are not able to penetrate the material.
It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that as technology advanced, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are therefore not restricted to the above examples, but they may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. Sandwich paneeliseinä (1), joka käsittää perustuskiinnitysväli-neen (7) joka edelleen käsittää sisemmän vaakasuuntaisen kiinnitysosuuden (9); ulomman vaakasuuntaisen kiinnitysosuuden (11); sisemmän pystysuuntaisen vesiesteosuuden (22) ja yhdistetyn sisemmän pystysuuntaisen vesieste- ja kiinnitysosuuden (8), tunnettu siitä, että perustuskiinnitysväline (7) käsittää myös U-profiilin, siitä, että U-profiili käsittää yhdistetyn sisemmän pystysuuntaisen vesieste- ja kiinnitysosuuden (8), sisemmän vaakasuuntaisen kiinnitysosuuden (9), ulomman vaakasuuntaisen kiinnitysosuuden (11), ja ulomman vaakasuuntaisen kiinnitysosuuden (12), siitä, että vaakasuuntaisen lämmöneristysosuuden (10) muodostavat aukot (15) U-profiilin uumassa; siitä, että vaakasuuntaisen vesieristeosuus (6) on vaakasuuntaisen lämmöneristysosuuden (10) päällä; ja siitä, että vesireitin (5) alimman kohdan ja vesireittiin (5) liittyvän vaakasuuntaisen osuuden yläpinta yhtyvät.A sandwich panel wall (1) comprising a base mounting means (7) further comprising an inner horizontal mounting portion (9); an outer horizontal fastening portion (11); an inner vertical waterproofing portion (22) and a combined inner vertical waterproofing and fastening portion (8), characterized in that the base mounting means (7) also comprises a U-profile, wherein the U-profile comprises a combined inner vertical waterproofing and fastening portion (8), an inner horizontal fastening portion (9), an outer horizontal fastening portion (11), and an outer horizontal fastening portion (12), wherein the horizontal thermal insulating portion (10) is formed by openings (15) in the U-profile web; the horizontal waterproofing portion (6) being over the horizontal thermal insulating portion (10); and that the top surface of the lowest point of the waterway (5) and the horizontal portion associated with the waterway (5) overlap. 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen sandwich paneeliseinä (1), tunnettu siitä että perustuskiinnitysväline (7) käsittää vesitiiviin liitoksen vaakasuuntaisen vesieristeosuuden (6) ja sisemmän pystysuuntaisen vesiesteosuuden (22) välillä tai vesitiiviin liitoksen vaakasuuntainen vesieristeosuuden (6) ja sisemmän pystysuuntaisen vesiesteosuuden (22) välillä tai vesitiiviin liitoksen vaakasuuntainen vesieristeosuuden (6) ja yhdistetyn sisemmän pystysuuntaisen vesieste- ja kiinnitysosuuden (8) välillä.Sandwich panel wall (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the base fastening device (7) comprises a watertight connection between the horizontal waterproofing section (6) and the inner vertical waterproofing section (22) or the waterproofing joint between the horizontal waterproofing section (6) and the inner vertical waterproofing section (22) or a watertight connection between the horizontal waterproofing portion (6) and the combined inner vertical waterproofing and fastening portion (8). 3. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 tai 2 mukainen sandwich paneeliseinä (1), tunnettu siitä että vaakasuuntaisen vesieristeosuuden (6) ulompi reuna on alempana kuin vaakasuuntaisen vesieristeosuuden (6) sisempi reuna.Sandwich panel wall (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer edge of the horizontal waterproofing portion (6) is lower than the inner edge of the horizontal waterproofing portion (6). 4. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-3 mukainen sandwich paneeliseinä (1), tunnettu siitä että sandwich paneelin (1) sisempi metallipinta (4) käsittää nurkassa leikkauksen (17) liittyvän sandwich paneelin (19) ulomman metallipinnan ja sisemmän metallipinnan (4) välissä ja/tai perustuskiinnitysvä- line (7) käsittää vastaavan leikkauksen sisemmässä pystysuuntaisessa kiinni-tysosuudessa (8).Sandwich panel wall (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner metal surface (4) of the sandwich panel (1) comprises a corner between the outer metal surface and the inner metal surface (4) of the sandwich panel (19); or the base fastening means (7) comprises a corresponding cut in the inner vertical fastening portion (8). 5. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-4 mukainen sandwich paneelisei-nä (1), tunnettu siitä että sandwich paneeliseinä (1) käsittää vesitiiviin liitoksen (20) rungon (18) ja sandwich paneelien (1,19) välillä ja/tai teipin (21) peittämään viereisten sandwich paneelien (1,19) ulompien metallipintojen (3) välin.Sandwich panel wall (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sandwich panel wall (1) comprises a watertight joint (20) between the body (18) and the sandwich panel (1,19) and / or tape (21). cover the outer metal surfaces (3) of adjacent sandwich panels (1,19). 6. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-5 mukainen sandwich paneeliseinä (1), tunnettu siitä että perustuskiinnitysväline (7) käsittää lisäksi ulomman pystysuuntaisen kiinnitys välineen (12).Sandwich panel wall (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the base fastening device (7) further comprises an outer vertical fastening device (12). 7. Jonkin patenttivaatimuksen 1-6 mukainen sandwich paneeliseinä (1), tunnettu siitä että ulompi vaakasuuntainen kiinnitysosuus (11) ja si-sempi vaakasuuntainen kiinnitysosuus (9) on liitetty toisiinsa vaakasuuntaisen lämmöneristysosuuden (10) välityksellä.Sandwich panel wall (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer horizontal fastening portion (11) and the inner horizontal fastening portion (9) are interconnected via a horizontal thermal insulating portion (10).
FI20130153A 2013-05-31 2013-05-31 Sandwich element Wall FI127019B (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20130153A FI127019B (en) 2013-05-31 2013-05-31 Sandwich element Wall
LTEPPCT/EP2014/061112T LT3004477T (en) 2013-05-31 2014-05-28 A sandwich panel wall
EP14730470.3A EP3004477B1 (en) 2013-05-31 2014-05-28 A sandwich panel wall
PL14730470.3T PL3004477T3 (en) 2013-05-31 2014-05-28 A sandwich panel wall
PCT/EP2014/061112 WO2014191483A1 (en) 2013-05-31 2014-05-28 A sandwich panel wall

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20130153A FI127019B (en) 2013-05-31 2013-05-31 Sandwich element Wall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI20130153A FI20130153A (en) 2014-12-01
FI127019B true FI127019B (en) 2017-09-29

Family

ID=50943291

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FI20130153A FI127019B (en) 2013-05-31 2013-05-31 Sandwich element Wall

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3004477B1 (en)
FI (1) FI127019B (en)
LT (1) LT3004477T (en)
PL (1) PL3004477T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2014191483A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4936069A (en) * 1989-06-09 1990-06-26 Industrial Air, Inc. Modular building panel having an improved offset thermal barrier joint
US6269608B1 (en) * 1999-11-04 2001-08-07 William H. Porter Structural insulated panels for use with 2X stick construction
US6298619B1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2001-10-09 William D. Davie Modular building frame system
US20020139059A1 (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-10-03 Zimmerman David L. Device which secures external walls and components of a room and which has improved drainage capabilities and aesthetics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LT3004477T (en) 2023-01-25
EP3004477B1 (en) 2022-10-19
WO2014191483A1 (en) 2014-12-04
PL3004477T3 (en) 2023-02-20
FI20130153A (en) 2014-12-01
EP3004477A1 (en) 2016-04-13

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