FI124701B - Balancing mechanism for a bogie - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a bogie balancing mechanism, in particular for a bogie, wherein the bogie comprises a bogie pivotably mounted on a vehicle body by means of an articulation joint, wherein the bogie wheels are mounted and the bogie wheels are rotated by actuators in the bogie.

Background of the Invention

In particular, forestry machines, but also many other machines that move a lot on uneven terrain, are often equipped with traction sheaves mounted on bogies that are pivotally mounted to the vehicle frame in order to improve its mast capability and stabilize driving. Such bogies with bogie frames fitted with drive wheels (usually two or more in succession) are generally provided with a balancing mechanism designed to prevent the adverse effects of the torque applied to the bogie frame by the wheels. In the non-weighted bogie bogie frame, said torque tends to raise the front wheels of the bogie frame upwards (i.e., lighten) and press the rear wheels of the bogie frame more strongly against the ground. This, in turn, causes the weight of the part of the implement which is applied to the wheels on the bogie to be evenly distributed between the wheels on the bogie, whereby the frictional force (traction) between the wheels on the bogie and the ground Uneven distribution of frictional force? leads to the wheel frame of its / their wheels / pulleys transmission apparatus to which the greater part of the weight ^ gets louder divided stress than the AB) No side of the transmission system, a side / side wheels tend to No. 30 of the easing system. Of course, in extreme cases, this may result in overloading and damage to the transmission gear of the wheels on which most of the loads are concentrated. To solve this problem, for example, forestry machines often utilize power transmission solutions in which the (ΙΓ) rotation motion and torque of the (35) torque motor is transmitted to the wheels of the bogie frame in conjunction with a planetary gearbox through a chain. The torque divider provided by the planetary gearbox 2 removes the lifting effect caused by the torque of the wheels, whereby the weight of the forest machine and thus the torque on the wheels is distributed more evenly between the wheels on the same bogie.

5 Currently, bogie drive wheels are also used on bogie axles with hydraulic or electric motors with a wheel hub mounted or so called. hub motors, i.e. motors with an axle mounted on a bogie frame and a wheel connected to a rotating motor body. In this case, solutions such as those described above, based on a planetary gear, cannot, of course, be used because the rotational motion is not mechanically transmitted to the traction sheaves through the coupling of the bogie frame. These situations have therefore necessitated the use of balancing mechanisms operated by separate actuators. One typical such bogie balancing mechanism with a separate actuator is one in which bogie balancing is accomplished by hydraulic cylinders mounted between the working frame and the bogie frame. In this type of solution, the counter-force caused by the hydraulic cylinder is controlled, for example, by the pressure of the pressure medium supplied to the hydraulic motors using the wheels, so that the support force between the wheels on the bogie and the ground

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As described above, the pressure distribution of the bogie wheels can be equalized. In the version with a separate actuator, the pressure distribution can also be adjusted, if desired, in a way that deviates from this basic objective, for example due to the terrain. However, separate systems make the bogie structure complicated and, e.g. increase the weight of the machine, as well as the manufacturing and operating costs.

Brief Summary of the Invention n cp o 30 The object of the invention is to provide a novel bogie balancing mechanism which eliminates the aforementioned existing bogie balancing systems.

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drawbacks related to bogies in which bogie pivots are mounted on a bogie frame. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a bogie balancing mechanism which may be operated by a conventional motor or so-called motor mounted at the wheel attachment point. hub motor, but which does not require balancing devices with separate actuators for the implement and bogie.

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The inventive idea of the bogie balancing mechanism according to the invention is to utilize a counter-torque applied to the wheel drive means to rotate the bogie frame by rotating the wheels on the bogie so that this torque is transmitted by a mechanical transmission arm from the wheel to the motor. By varying the lengths of the torque arms, the bogie can be balanced as desired, either to distribute weight as evenly as possible between the wheels on the bogie, or alternatively to overbalance or underbalance, i.e., to balance or exceed the torque exerted by the bogie wheels on the bogie. More particularly, the bogie balancing mechanism of the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing parts of the independent claims 1 and 11. Further, the dependent claims disclose some preferred embodiments of the balancing mechanism of the invention.

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Due to the bogie balancing mechanism according to the invention, bogies based on a bogie pivotally mounted on the vehicle frame can be driven by a motor at the wheel, e.g. an electric or hydraulic motor, without the need to provide the bogie frame with separate actuators 20. This simplifies the structure of the bogie and makes the bogie lighter. Furthermore, the exclusion of the separate actuators from the bogie with the bogie balancing mechanism according to the invention provides a bogie with the bogie balancing mechanism based on the separate actuator at a lower manufacturing and operating cost. Further, the bogie balancing mechanism of the invention enables the balancing adjustment to be achieved by a simple, mechanically adjustable adjustment mechanism.

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9 Description of Drawings p

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

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1 in which cu is shown in Fig. 1 by a bogie balancing mechanism according to the invention

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bogie bevel seen from above, ° 35 Figure 2 shows bogie balancing mechanism of drive bogie of Fig. 1, drive unit, bogie mounting axle and torque transducers obliquely viewed from above, without other bogie components in position with vehicle body and bogie Fig. 3 is a side view of the bogie according to Figures 1 and 2, Fig. 4 is a side view of the bogie according to the preceding Figures with the bogie bogie frame 5 and left wheel hub shown in broken lines, Fig. 5 is a lateral bogie on a rising slope with the bogie bogie frame and the left wheel hub shown in broken lines in the figure, and Figure 6 illustrates a bogie according to the above figures with the bogie on a steep slope with the bogie on the starboard 10, with the bogie bogie frame and left pa is shown in dotted lines in the figure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The bogie shown in Figure 1 is formed of a bogie frame 3 attached to a vehicle body 1 by means of an attachment joint 2. In this embodiment, the bogie frame has a drive wheel at each end (Figures 1-6 do not show the wheels entirely). The drive wheels of the bogie frame 3 are implemented by wheel-specific actuators 5a and 5b which are e.g. The actuator 5a is mounted in a mounting housing 7a at this end with a bearing 8 such that the body 6a of the actuator 5a can rotate freely with respect to its central axis (drive shaft) within the mounting housing 7a. Thus, in this embodiment, the balancing mechanism is located only on the left-hand wheel 25, whereby the right-hand drive 5b of the bogie frame 3 is secured to the mounting housing 7b. Within the wheel hubs 4a and 4b, e.g.

? a planetary gear for transmitting the rotational motion produced by the actuators 5a and 5b to the wheel of the vehicle.

n cp o 30 In this case, the bogie frame 3 is entirely hollow, e.g.

g is a plate-like shell structure, which is centered on a vehicle 11 mounted on a vehicle body 1 by means of a bearing flange 9 secured by screws to a vehicle flange (not shown in the figures) and thus formed by a bearing housing Fig. 2 shows the torque transmission means 12 mounted between the left drive actuator 5a and the securing shaft 10. and at one end 14b of the balancing arm 17 attached to the attachment shaft-5 10, thus, the bogie balancing mechanism may be conceived in the gating, the drive body 6a mounted on the bogie frame 3, the torque transducer means 12 and the mounting shaft 10 attached to the vehicle body 1.

The bearing of the actuator 5a body 6a in the mounting housing 7a is implemented, for example, by groove ball or roller bearings mounted in the recesses formed for this purpose in the mounting housing 7a so that the body 6a of the actuator 5a cannot move or pivot inside the mounting housing.

The torsion arm 15 is a part formed in the manner shown in the figures, which is fixed to the body 6a of the drive 5a, e.g. It may also be fixed to the body 6a of the actuator 5a, e.g. by welding, if the body 6a and the torsion arm 15 are of any material to be welded. The length of the torsion arm 15 is such that the distance between the attachment point of the first end 14a of the transmission arm 13 from the center of the drive shaft 5a is the same as the distance between the attachment point of the second end 14b of the transmission arm 13. In this case, as shown in Fig. 1, the torsion arm 14a has two brackets spaced apart 25 apart, between which the first end 14a of the transmission arm 13 is fastened with holes in the brackets and with the force? with a ™ attachment pin through a hole in the first end 14a of the transfer arm 13. To lock the retaining pin into place in the holes in the lugs and

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o The pin may have, for example, a thread, a locking ring or other suitable locking member.

§ 30 g The transmission arm 13 is a rod-shaped casting piece, such as that shown in Figs. 1-6, the first end 14a and the second end 14b £ 3 of which have been widened as shown in the figures so as to provide m mounting holes for mounting the transmission arm 13 between the arms 15 and the ends of the balancing arm 17 as shown in the figures. The butter transmission arm 13 is slightly shorter than the distance between the mounting shaft 10 and the drive shaft of the actuator 5a so that the torsion arm 15 and the balancing arm 17 can be mounted in an oblique position towards each other as shown in the figures.

The balancing arm 17 is a shaft having at its first end an opening through which the fastening shaft 10 is fitted through the first end of the balancing arm 17. The retaining shaft 10 and the opening of the first end of the balancing arm have opposing keyways between which, by means of a wedge pin mounted, the balancing arm is prevented from rotating relative to the mounting shaft (the keyway and pin are not shown). One end 10 of the balancing arm 17 has fastening lugs and holes similar to the attachment at the other end of the torsion arm 15, between which the second end 14b of the transmission arm 13 is pivotally secured in a manner corresponding to the first end 14a.

Due to the structure of the torque transmission members 12 described above, the (balancing) forces Fr1 exerted by the torsion arm 15 15 on the transmission arm 13 are transmitted from the transmission arm 13 via this second end 14b to the balance arm 17, which in turn From this support force Fti = -Fm caused by the opposite direction 20 of the bogie body 3 to the transmission arm 13, the torsional torque Mvti = -MVki tends to rotate the bogie body 3 against its torque Myf = Mvfi + Mvf2. In this case, the magnitude of the balancing torque Mvti is determined not only by the magnitude of the force acting on the balancing arm 17 but also by the perpendicular distance of the force from the center of the mounting shaft 10, i.e. practically the position of the transmission arm 13

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9 In Figures 3 and 4, the bogie frame 3 is shown in a horizontal position o 30 and parallel to the vehicle body 1. In this case, the torsion arm 15 mounted on the body 6a of the drive 5a g and the

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the weighting arm 17 is, as shown in Fig. 4, at an angle of about 10 ° to each other vertically. In this situation, the vertical distance of the attachment point ° 35 of the first end 14a of the transmission arm 13a (i.e., the drive end 5a) from the axis of rotation of the drive 5a is the vertical distance from the center point of the second end 14b (i.e. end of the attachment joint 11). These perpendicular distances between the longitudinal 7-axis of the transmission arm 13 and the center of the drive shaft of the actuator 5a and the center of the bogie attachment shaft 10 determine the magnitude of the balancing torque Myn applied to the bogie frame 3 through the bogie 10. Thus, in this situation, the torque Mvri resulting from the rotation of the wheel hub 4a and the wheel 4a of the drive 5a causes a torque MVki on the mounting shaft 10 attached to the body 1 of the vehicle, and hence a 5a the torque Mvri exerted on the body 6a but in the opposite direction. In other words, in this situation, the transmission means 12 balance the bogie frame 3 with an absolute value exactly equal to the amount of torque applied to the body 6a of the left bogie drive actuator 5a, i.e., Mvm = MVki = -Mvti.

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In the case of Fig. 5, with the bogie frame 3 facing upwards in an oblique position and the vehicle body 1 still in a horizontal position, the balancing torque Mvti transmitted by the drive 5a via the torque transducers 12 to the attachment shaft 10 is minimum (i.e. Mvri <20 MVki) is at its highest (ie Mvri> MVki). This is because, due to said positions, in the case of Fig. 5, the perpendicular distance from the center of the drive shaft 5a to the first end 14a of the transmission shaft 13 (in the direction of the center axis 13 ' The force exerted by Mwi on Fr1,? which is transmitted through the transmission arm 13 to the balancing arm 17 provides a smaller torque Mvki on the ™ attachment shaft 10 than the torque M ^ caused by the rotation of the wheel 30a of the actuator 5a. By contrast, in the case of Fig. 6, where the bogie bogie frame 3 is upright in an upright position, the opposite is true. for power

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the perpendicular distance L1 of the first end 14a of the transfer arm 13 from the center of the drive shaft of the drive <3 5a is less than the perpendicular of the second end 14b

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• ζΖ the distance L2 from the center of the mounting shaft 10, the force Fr1 exerted by the torque S1 on the drive body 5a through the transmission arm 13 to the balancing arm 17 provides the mounting shaft 10 with a greater 8 torque MVki than the torque applied to the shaft 5.

In the bogie according to Figures 1-6, the bogie frame attachment joint 2 and the wheel hubs 4a 5 and 4b are vertically at the same height. Therefore, the torque Myfi caused by the wheel hub 4a and against the wheel traction F ^ to the bogie center with respect to the center point of the clamping shaft 10 is equal to the center of the clamping shaft 10 so the torque MVki is the opposite of the force Fri). Thus, if the torque F2 of the wheel hub 4b and the corresponding wheel does not produce any torque at all, i.e. if F2 = 0 and thus Mvf2 = 0, then the bogie balancing mechanism 15 in Figures 1-6 would perfectly balance the bogie frame 3 with the bogie frame 3 parallel with vehicle body 1. With the bogie frame 3 in the position shown in Fig. 5, it would be unbalanced and in the position shown in Fig. 6, if F2 = 0 and Mvf2 = 0 (i.e. no wheel hub 4b would be used). However, now in reality (since na-20 is also used in 4b), the balancing mechanism on the left wheel of Figures 1-6 only underbalances the bogie as long as Mvti <Mvm + Myf2 · Assuming = F2, the weight exerted by the vehicle body 1 on the bogie 1-6, the bogie according to Figures 1-6 would be perfectly balanced if the bogie frame was so far to the right 25 in an oblique position (with the vehicle body in a horizontal position) such that the first end 14a of the transmission arm 13 was secured. the vertical distance of L-ι from the center of the drive shaft of the actuator 5a would be

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half of the anchorage point of the second end 14b of the transmission arm 13 and

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o the perpendicular distance L2 of the spine 10. Note also that in reality the shape of the earth's surface influences the directions of the forces F-ι and F2 g. It has been assumed above that the ground is level and that the bogie frame 3

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parallel to the line drawn between the centers of the hubs 4a and 4b. In addition, it should be further noted that if the gear ratio of the gear hub 4a of the wheel hub 4a also affects the operation of the bogie balancing mechanism ° 35, then the engine torque Φ Myfi needed to produce the wheel torque Myfi. In other words, if the gear ratio of the planetary gear between drive unit 5a and wheel hub 4a decreases the smoothing effect> 19, and if the gear ratio <1 increases the balancing effect.

The bogie balancing mechanism according to the invention may, of course, also comprise a solution slightly different from that of Figures 1 to 6, in which there is a balancing mechanism of the type described above between the two bogie drive wheels actuators 5a and 5ba. Thus, the actuator 5b is also mounted in its mounting housing 7b with a bearing similar to the bearing 8, whereby the actuator body 6b is free to rotate with respect to the mounting housing 7b if the torsion arm of the balancing mechanism, the transmission arm and the balancing arm When the balancing mechanism, i.e. the said arms, is also added to the other wheel of the bogie frame, the balancing function is effectuated so that the bogie frame is fully balanced in position 3 (4 provided the bogie wheels are flat and gear ratio 4a and 4b = 1).

In the positions shown in Figures 5 and 6, the bogie according to Figures 1-6 with balancing on both wheels remains complete if the surface of the ground 20 is parallel to the bogie frame 3, since then the balancing torque generated by the right wheel drive 5b in the figures) increases by the same amount as the balancing torque Mvti provided by the left drive actuator decreases due to the inclination of the bogie frame. In the case of Fig. 6, operation 25 is similar, but therein, the balancing torque provided by the right wheel drive actuator 5b decreases and the balancing torque Mvti generated by the left wheel actuator 5a increases.

In the embodiment of Figures 1-6, the actuators 5a and 5b are, for example, o 30 conventional electric or hydraulic motors. Alternatively, the so-called. hub motors with a swivel arm 15 mounted on the motor shaft

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line and the motor frame form the wheel hub or part of it. Alternatively, the bogie body £ 3 may be implemented in such a way that it is not a housing-like structure, n but a profile beam structure or a plate structure, for example. In this case, the torsion arm, the transmission arm, and the balancing arm of the balancing mechanism 35 may be partially or fully visible when they are completely within the bogie frame in the solution of Figures 1-6. In one embodiment of the balancing mechanism 10 of the invention, the position and / or length of the balancing arm may be adjustable. Alternatively or additionally, the position and / or length of the torsion arm may also be adjustable. These adjustments can be used to modify the lengths of the torque arms 5 that are formed by the torsion arm and the balancing arm, i.e. the perpendicular distance between the center of the bogie attachment shaft and the straight (or its extension) axis and / or In practice, therefore, such adjustments can adjust the intensity of the balancing 10 and / or which position of the bogie frame is at its strongest and weakest. Alternatively, the torque shifting means of the bogie balancing mechanism may consist of, for example, a gear or chain transmission between the drive body of the bogie frame and the vehicle body to transfer to the vehicle body the torque resulting from the wheel rotation. In addition, the balancing mechanism of the invention may also differ in many other respects from the exemplary embodiments described above, i.e., not limited to the exemplary embodiments described above, but may vary within the inventive concept of the claims that follow.

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Claims (12)

A bogie balancing mechanism, in particular for a bogie, wherein the bogie comprises a 5 bogie frame (3) pivotally mounted to a vehicle body (1) by means of an attachment joint (2) on which the bogie wheels are mounted and wherein the bogie wheels are rotated by actuators (5a, 5b). ), characterized in that the actuator (5a, 5b) is an engine whose body (6a, 6b) is rotatably mounted on the bogie frame (3) with respect to its drive shaft and that the actuator (5a, 5b) body (6a, 6b) and the vehicle body (1) ), there are torque transmitting means (12) connecting the drive body (6a) of the drive device (5a) to the vehicle body (1), whereby the torque (Myn) caused by the rotation of the wheel is transmitted from the drive body (5a) (6a) via torque transfer means (12) to the vehicle body (1). The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque transducer members (12) are in position with the frame (6a) of the at least one drive actuator (5a) on the bogie frame (3) and the car body (1) between the fastening axle (10) of the mounted bogie. 20 The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the bogie frame (3) has two wheels each having an actuator (5a, 5b) and that the torque transfer means (12) are in the frame (6a, 6b) of the two actuators (5a, 5b) and between the bogie mounting shaft (10). 25 The bogie balancing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the torque transmission members (12) comprise a transmission arm o ™ (13), a torsion arm (15) and a balancing arm (17) pivotally attached to each other and 15) is located between the actuator (5a) frame (6a) and the transmission arm (13) and the balancing arm (17) is between the transmission arm g (13) and the bogie mounting axle (10) secured to the vehicle body (1). CD LO C \ J LO The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that the torsion arm (15) is secured in place to the drive (5a) frame (6a) and the balancing arm (17) is secured to the bogie attachment shaft (10) and the torsion arm (15) and balancing arm (17) are substantially inclined to each other in an oblique position with the bogie frame (3) and vehicle body (1) parallel. The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the torsion arm (15) and the balancing arm (17) are at an angle of approximately 10 ° to each other with the bogie frame (3) and the vehicle body (1) in a horizontal position; parallel. The bogie balancing mechanism according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the length of the torque arm (1-2) formed by the balancing arm (17) is adjustable. The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that the adjustment is effected by making the position, length or position of the attachment point (14b) of the transmission arm and the balancing arm adjustable. The bogie balancing mechanism according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the torque arm length (L-ι) formed by the torsion arm (15) is adjustable. The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that the adjustment is made by adjusting the position, length or position of the attachment point (14a) between the transmission arm (13) and the torsion arm (15). A bogie balancing mechanism, in particular for a bogie, wherein the bogie comprises a bogie body (3) pivotally attached to the vehicle body (1) by means of an attachment joint (2) on which the bogie wheels are mounted and wherein the bogie wheels are rotated. 30 actuators (5a, 5b) in the bogie frame, characterized in that the actuator (5a, 5b) comprises a hub motor with a mounting shaft rotatably mounted relative to the bogie body CL (3) and a hub motor mounting axle and vehicle body (5a, 5b). 1) between torque transmission means (12) connecting the drive shaft to the vehicle frame (1), whereby the drive torque (Mvn) of the drive pivot-S 35 is transmitted from the drive shaft to the vehicle (12) via the vehicle drive shaft (12) . The bogie balancing mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that the torque transmission means (12) comprise a torsion arm (15), a transmission arm (13) and a balancing arm (17) which are pivotally attached to each other and that the torsion arm (15) between the clamping shaft and the power transmission arm (13), and the balancing arm (17) is between the transmission arm (13) and the clamping shaft (10) fixed in place on the vehicle body (1). 't δ c \ j m o O) o X CC CL CD m c \ j m δ c \ j