FI124470B

FI124470B - IMPROVED CONTROL UNIT FOR A WELDING DEVICE

Info

Publication number: FI124470B
Application number: FI20135082A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Jussi Kapanen
Original assignee: Kemppi Oy
Priority date: 2013-01-29
Filing date: 2013-01-29
Publication date: 2014-09-15
Also published as: EP2950961A4; CN104918740B; EP2950961A1; CN104918740A; WO2014118435A1; FI20135082A

Description

Enhanced control unit and method for a welding device

Field of the invention 5

The present invention relates to welding devices and especially to a control unit and a method for controlling operations of a welding device, as defined in the preambles of the independent claims.

Background of the invention 10

The term control refers generally to actions with which one exercises authoritative or dominating influence over a controlled object. In technical and industrial context, control over entities or processes is typically performed with a control unit, a system with which a set of variable quantities may be held 15 constant or caused to vary in a prescribed way.

Welding refers here to a coalescence process in which materials are melted to form a weld pool that cools to become a strong joint. A welding device represents here a system with elements capable of providing materials and 20 physical conditions with which coalescence of desired materials is achieved.

2 Welds are often used in critical parts of industrial systems, like in pressure o , vessels and ships, and therefore requirements for the quality and strength of ° the weld are typically very high. In controlled conditions, some simple welding <7> ^ 25 tasks can be modeled and designed accurately repeatable so that they can be

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performed automatically by industrial robots. However, in many practical co situations, such controlled conditions are not available, and adaptable human

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<3 mind and skilled experience is required for successful results. Focus of this ° invention is in control units that provide a user interface with which a person 30 can control operations of a welding device.

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Welders today are provided with a plurality of different welding processes and ranges of devices with different capabilities to perform and control these processes. A single industrial welding device may thus include numerous welding processes, and provide a plurality of parameters to control features of 5 them.

The problem with these devices is that when the aim is towards greatest versatility, the crucial role of the welder person and his focused concentration is easily overlooked. The user interface of a conventional control unit of a welding 10 device includes typically a complex menu structure through which the welder is expected to navigate with a normal keyboard and/or a touch screen. The menu structure display provides a variety of different types of display objects, all available for activation. The keyboard is, however, seldom operable with a gloved hand, and it is also difficult to work on minuscule icons of a touch screen 15 with gloved hands. In addition, the welder is hardly willing to familiarize oneself with complex menu structures and their adjustment options, and spend working time by roaming between them. The focus of a welder is and always remains in the accurate and demanding welding task at hand. The control operations must be an easy and natural part of welding work, not a distraction from it.

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Brief description of the invention

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δ ^ The object of the present invention is to provide a solution with which a welder ° can in a straightforward manner control operations of a welding device in <7> ^ 25 various welding conditions and with minimal diversion from the actual welding

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^ work. The objects of the present invention are achieved with a method, a oo control unit and a computer program according to the characterizing portions o c8 of the independent claims.

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The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent 30 claims.

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The present invention applies a menu structure with two hierarchic levels, where the higher level includes an array of operative variables of the welding device and the lower level the values to be assigned for them. Selection of items in at least one of the two levels is facilitated by detecting a rotary 5 movement, made with a hand of a user. The two levels provide to the user a flattened menu structure, which is clear and concise and therefore very easy for the welder to comprehend and use. The number of items in a level of the new menu structure may be sizeable, but said use of rotary movements for selection allows quick and efficient scrolling through numerous menu items. The user 10 may thus operate the welding device with a simple and straightforward selection process. Further advantages of the invention are discussed in more detail with description of embodiments of the invention.

Brief description of the figures 15

In the following the invention will be described in greater detail, in connection with preferred embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a welding device;

Figure 2 illustrates a configuration of an exemplary control unit apparatus; 20 Figure 3 illustrates rotary movement of a hand of a person;

Figure 4 illustrates a side view of detection means applicable for indirect ” detection in the control unit; o 7 Figure 5 illustrates a simplified hierarchical structure of a two-level menu ° applicable in a control unit; <7> ^ 25 Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary display configuration and use of rotary

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£ movements that can be applied with the hierarchic structure of Figure 5; co Figure 7 illustrates a rotary knob suspended to the control unit to be moved in

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£ the direction of its rotary axis; ° Figure 8 illustrates a further advantage achievable with the proposed use of two 30 rotary movements;

Figure 9 illustrates en embodiment for inputting character strings; 4

Figure 10 shows an example of a display object for an exemplary menu item of Figure 6; and

Figure 11 discloses steps of an embodiment of a method performed in the control unit of Figure 1.

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Detailed description of some embodiments

The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the specification may refer 10 to "an", "one", or "some" embodiment(s), this does not necessarily mean that each such reference is to the same embodiment(s), or that the feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may be combined to provide further embodiments.

15 In the following, features of the invention will be described with a simple example of a device architecture, in which various embodiments of the invention may be implemented. Only elements relevant for illustrating the embodiments are described in detail. Various implementations of welding control units, methods and devices comprise elements that are generally known 20 to a person skilled in the art and may not be specifically described herein.

In the following, embodiments of the invention are described using exemplary 0 terms and elements of gas metal arc welding processes. It is noted, however, 5 that the type of welding process or the type of features controlled in those g> 25 processes are not, as such, essential details of the invention and the invention = is not limited to any specific type of welding process. The disclosed welding

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control method can be applied to any type of welding devices and processes.

00 o m co 5 The block chart of Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a welding device 10

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30 that includes a welding control unit 11 according to the present invention. The welding device comprises one or more functional elements 12, 13, 14, 15 5 configured to provide materials and physical conditions to achieve a specified coalescence of desired metal materials.

The welding device is exemplified herein by means of a gas metal arc welding 5 device, in which an electric arc forms between a consumable wire electrode and workpiece metal material, causing them to melt and join. The wire electrode may be supplied to the process through a welding gun 12 that is connected to a wire feeding unit 13, a power supply 14, and a shielding gas supply 15. The wire feeding unit 13 may be a functional unit that feeds electrode wire to the 10 welding gun during welding. The power supply 14 may be a functional unit that feeds electric power to the tip of the wire electrode to generate an electric field for the arc. The shielding gas supply 15 may be a functional unit that feeds a flow of shielding gas through the welding gun. The shielding gas may protect the welding area from atmospheric gases that easily compromise the weld if 15 they come in contact with the electrode, the arc or the welding metal. The welding gun 12 may provide means, typically a switch, with which a welder can activate the wire feed, the electric power and the shielding gas flow, and thereby cause an electric arc to strike. It is noted, that these are exemplary functional units; in other welding processes, different types of functional units 20 may be applied.

Operations of the functional units 12, 13, 14, 15 may be varied in many ways.

0 In order to provide desired materials and physical conditions for the welding process, each of the functional unit comprises one or more functions, and at σ> 25 least some of these functions vary according to an operative variable.

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For example, the wire feeding unit 13 may apply different wire types and wire o may be fed to the welding gun with varying speed. The type of current (AC/DC)

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5 and level of current output from the power supply 14 may be varied, as well as

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30 composition or level of flow of gases from the shielding gas supply 15. In order to allow the welder to monitor and controllably adjust the operations of the functional units, the welding machine comprises a control unit 11.

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The welding device 10 and the control unit 11 of figure 1 are operationally connected. At minimum the control unit 11 can output control data to one or more functional units of the welding device 10, and the functional units are 5 responsive to the control data from the control unit 11. Advantageously communications between the control unit and the functional units flow in both ways, for example, control commands to the functional units from the control unit and status data from the functional units to the control unit. A functional unit is configured to operate its functions with a set of preset or input operative 10 variables. In response to reception of control data from the control unit, the functional unit is configured to check whether one or more values of its operative variables need to be changed, and implement a change in its operations, if necessary.

15 The control data may include explicit operative variable values to be applied by the functional unit. The functional unit may also comprise one or more internal adjustment routines that run during operation and independently change values of the operative variables in the functional unit. The control data may thus include implicit operative variable values, for example threshold values that 20 define a range within which the functional unit may operate independently. Hardware configuration of the operational connection may be varied in many ways. The control unit may be integrated into the welding device, or the control 0 unit may be a separate physical element that includes one or more device or t1 communication interfaces to the welding device. The control unit 11 comprises σ> 25 also user interface, by means of which the welder can give commands and

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x receive visual indication to manage the operations of the welding device. The

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user interface may be a local interface available only to a person with physical 00 o access to the control unit. The user interface may also provide a networked user

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5 interface by means of which an operator may remotely adjust operative

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30 variables of the welding device.

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Embodiments of the present invention include a computer apparatus, applicable as a control unit 11 of Figure 1. Figure 2 shows a block diagram that illustrates a configuration of an exemplary apparatus for the purpose. The apparatus comprises a processor unit 20 for performing systematic 5 execution of operations upon predefined data. The processor unit 20 is an element that essentially comprises one or more arithmetic logic units, a number of special registers and control circuits. Memory unit 21 provides a data medium where computer-readable data or programs, or user data can be stored. The memory unit is connected to the processor unit 20. The 10 memory unit 21 typically comprises volatile or non-volatile memory, for example EEPROM, ROM, PROM, RAM, DRAM, SRAM, firmware, programmable logic, etc. The apparatus also comprises an interface unit 22 with at least one input unit for inputting data to the internal processes of the apparatus and at least one output unit for outputting data from the internal 15 processes of the apparatus.

If a line interface is applied, the interface unit 22 typically comprises plug-in units acting as a gateway for information delivered to its external connection points and/or for information fed to the lines connected to its external connection points. If a radio interface is applied, the interface unit 22 20 typically comprises a radio transceiver unit, which includes a transmitter and

a receiver, and is also electrically connected to the processing unit 20. A

2 transmitter of the interface unit 22 receives a bitstream from the processing o 7 unit 20, and converts it to a radio signal for transmission. Correspondingly, ° the interface unit 22 converts received signals into a bitstream that is σ> ^ 25 forwarded for further processing to the processing unit 20. Different line,

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E network and radio interfaces, well known to a person skilled in the art, may co be applied in the interface unit, o

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5 The interface unit 22 of the apparatus may also comprise a user interface

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with a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, or equal input devices for 30 inputting information from a user and a screen, a touch screen, a loudspeaker, or equal output devices for outputting data to the user.

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Configuration of the user interface will be discussed in more detail later in this document.

The processor unit 20, the memory unit 21, and the interface unit 22 are electrically interconnected to provide means for performing systematic 5 execution of operations on the received and/or stored data according to predefined, essentially programmed processes of the apparatus. These operations comprise the procedures of the control unit of the welding device described herein.

In general, various embodiments of the apparatus may be implemented in 10 hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some functions may be implemented in hardware, while some other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software, which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Software routines, which are also called as program products, are articles of 15 manufacture and can be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they include program instructions to perform particular predefined tasks. The exemplary embodiments of this invention also provide a computer program, readable by a computer and encoding instructions for executing a control method in an apparatus of Figure 2.

20 „ It is understood that despite the significant progress in the field of welding ^ devices, the fundamental factor in the success of the welding process is the 5 welder him/herself. The welding work requires high precision and is often made in challenging conditions. It is therefore imperative that operations for £ 25 controlling or monitoring the ongoing work must not complicate the work of the

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^ welder, or take his/her concentration from the ongoing welding task. The user 00 g interface must be easily understood and control operations readily accessible,

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5 even with gloved hands.

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30 The user interface of the control unit is based on detecting rotary movements of a hand of a person. A rotary movement refers here to a movement that turns 9 around an axis of rotation. Figure 3 shows a rotary movement 30 in the plane of the sheet or display around an axis of rotation 31 with non-zero radius R. It is noted that in the two-dimensional drawing, the rotation axis shows as a turning point. The control unit 11 of Figures 1 and 2 is configured to detect a 5 rotary movement that a person makes with his or her hand, and translate this movement into explicit or implicit operative variable values for delivery to specific functional units of the welding machine.

The rotary movement of the hand of a person may be detected in various ways. 10 In direct detection, a signal representing the movement of the hand is generated by detecting the hand itself. Rotary movement of the fingers of the hand may be detected, for example, resistively, capacitively or with surface acoustic waves on a touch screen. Movement of the hand may alternatively be detected with a camera and optical detection algorithms from video image 15 screening the hand of the user. It is also possible to detect movement of the hand with microelectromechanical sensors that are attached to the hand or a glove in which the hand is.

In indirect detection, a signal representing the movement of the hand is 20 generated by detecting movement of an object rotated by the hand. Figure 4 illustrates a side view of simplified detection means 40 applicable for indirect detection in the control unit. The detection means 40 may comprise a manual o grip element 41, for example a circular knob, fixed coaxially to one end of a bar ^ 42. The bar 42 may be secured with fixing elements 43 to the control unit in σ> 25 such a manner that the bar 42 cannot move linearly in relation to the control x unit, only rotate around its elongated axial dimension. In the other end of the

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bar 42 may be fixed an indicator 44 that moves with the rotary movement of 00 o the bar. The indicator 44 interacts along the movement with a transducer 45,

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5 and thereby generates an electrical response SI that corresponds to the rotary

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30 movement of the knob 41.

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As another alternative, the detection means 40 may comprise a closed loop structure 41, for example a circular or angular knob, and a touch screen. The loop may be designed to generate an indication that may be detected resistively, capacitively or with surface acoustic waves on a touch screen when 5 the loop is rotated on it. In an aspect, the circular knob may be a dual-mode object that can be detachably connected to the rotatable bar for interaction with the indicator and released from the bar for interaction with the touch screen. In embodiments where the rotary movement is detected on the touch screen, display objects are advantageously formatted such that the adjusted values 10 remain visible to the user during the rotary movement. For example, the closed loop structure and the adjusted value may be arranged to be mutually compatible so that the adjusted value is visible within the loop when the loop structure is on the touch screen. The fingers of the user may remain in the outer surface of the loop and surround the visible area when the welder rotates 15 the loop.

Various direct and indirect means for detecting rotary movement of a hand of a person are, as such, known to a person skilled in the art of control apparatuses. For conciseness, implementations of such means are not described in more 20 detail in this document _ Advanced technical devices typically include a number of functional elements, o each with a range of functions operating according to one or more operative ^ variables. Control of these devices is conventionally performed through a tree- σ> 25 like menu structure that begins from a main page and advances through level-x specific selection steps towards a nth sub-level where the controlled operative variable is finally available for adjustment. These tree-like menu structures 00 o allow variability and freedom to user selection, but for focused and demanding

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5 industrial environment their displays are not optimal; they are considered much

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30 too complicated and extensive. For example, in welding devices the conventional user interfaces require far too much navigation before one actually finds a correct branch, and in there a level in which one can select a value for a 11 specific parameter. Such navigation between levels and finding the point of adjustment from the plurality of different category levels is in most cases not possible without advanced knowledge of the whole system. Navigation also requires dedicated concentration to the control operations.

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In order to optimally simplify and streamline the control operations to support the welding work, and not drive focus from it, a new type of user interface configuration is suggested. In the configuration, the adjusted options are structured into two levels, and the user of the control unit is provided with 10 means to input rotary movements of his or her hand. At least one of the levels is associated with a corresponding rotary movement.

This suggested configuration is illustrated in more detail with Figure 5 that shows a simplified hierarchical structure of a two-level (N=2) menu applicable 15 in a control unit of the welding device of Figure 1. The minimum amount of levels of hierarchy is two, because there must be one level for selecting an adjusted operative variable and one level for selecting the value for the operative variable. It has been noted that in a majority of implementations, also the optimal amount of levels is two, because the use of the rotary movement 20 allows quick and efficient scrolling through a large number of menu items. In most cases all or nearly all functions that need to be adjusted in a welding device can, without compromising operative versatility of the device, be 0 included in one level of selection. More than two hierarchic levels may, ^ however, be included in the menu structure, without deviating from the scope σ> 25 of protection.

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In Figure 5, the first menu level N1 may include a first array A of menu items oo o m,, each of which corresponds to one operative variable of the welding machine.

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5 As an example, let us assume that the operative exemplary variables are

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30 represented by MIG Double Pulse process menu items as follows: mi = minimum wire feed (m/min) m2 - maximum wire feed (m/min) 12 m3 = minimum voltage (V) m4 = maximum voltage (V) m5 = current pulse (%).

The first menu level N1 is associated with a rotary movement Rl.

5 The second menu level N2 may then include arrays aj of menu items, each array aj of N2 being associated with a menu item nrij of the first menu level Nl.

Menu items of the first menu level Nl and menu items of the second menu level N2 are arranged into two selection windows wherein one selection window at a 10 time may be active for selection. Each menu item is represented in the selection window by a display object. A selection window thus represents herein a block of display objects, which block may be displayed as one entity in a visual display device (e.g. a display screen). The user may visually scroll through data displayed in the selection window without making a selection, and menu items 15 in the scrolled selection window are parallelly available for selection. Selection of a menu item in the selection window triggers a transition from one selection window to another selection window.

Accordingly, for selection of a menu item mi in the first menu level Nl, a first 20 selection window may be activated and displayed to the user. For selection of menu items in the second menu level N2, a second selection window may be activated and displayed to the user. Preferably only one array a, is made 0 available in the second selection window at a time. In the configuration of ^ Figure 5, menu items Vjj of an array a, may include many types of data σ> 25 elements, for example, images, characters, or values that can be given to the x operative variable of the menu item m,. The values may be Boolean values, or

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numeral values within a predefined range and a predefined increment between oo o successive values. Advantageously the increments are small (tenth or more of

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5 the maximum value of the range) to give a user feeling of stepless control. This

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30 increases the number of menu items in an array, but this does not matter, because scrolling even through a larger group of menu values is quick and easy 13 with the rotary control movement. The second menu level N2 is associated with a rotary movement R2.

Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary display configuration and use of two separate 5 rotary movements that can be applied with the hierarchic structure of Figure 5. The first selection window for the first array A of menu items of level N1 may be shown in the display 60 as a list of separate display objects. A display object 61 may include text, an image, an icon, or some other visual expression that identifies the controlled operative variable to the user. In the example of Figure 10 6, the display objects comprise texts listed to represent menu items mi to m5 above. The display objects may be arranged in an order of succession such that one direction is intuitively associated as a forward direction F and the other direction as a backward direction B. In the example, of Figure 6, display objects are arranged into a columns, and forward direction F corresponds to moving 15 from an upper display object to a lower display object (downwards) in the screen, and backward direction B in the same manner to moving from a lower display object to an upper display object (upwards) in the screen. A alternative intuitive order of directions may be applied, for example, with display objects arranged into a consecutive row, wherein forward direction F corresponds to 20 moving from one display object to a sequential display object (from left to right), and backward direction B to moving from one display object to a preceding display object (from right to left) in the screen, δ c\j -A In an active selection window, one display object may be shown in an σ> 25 emphasized manner. In Figure 6, the first array A of menu items of the first x level N1 is shown displayed in the screen as a first selection window with a

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continuous scrollable list of display objects. Emphasis may be displayed, for 00 o example, with highlight, changed font color, animated movement of the object, 00 5 or the like. As long as a display object of a menu item corresponding to an

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30 operational variable is being selected, the selection may be changed by means of the rotary movement of Rl. As shown in Figure 6, rotary movement of R1 in the clockwise direction typically associates with scrolling the display objects to 14 forward direction, and rotary movement in the counterclockwise direction associates with scrolling the display objects to backward direction.

The arrays a, of menu items of level N2 may also be displayed as a continuous 5 list of display objects. However, when the subordinate level is reserved for values of operative variable, the amount of possible values may easily be considerable, and some other display format may be better. Figure 6 illustrates a structure where an array a, of menu items of level N2 is displayed with a scroll element in which an emphasized display object of a menu item ν0 of the array a, 10 is shown. In such a case the display object may thus be emphasized by including only that one into the display. For example, the array a4 that corresponds to item m4 = maximum voltage (V) in level N1 may be displayed with a scroll element 62. Let us assume possible values of the respective operative variable range from 110V to 140V in increments of one (120, 121, 15 122, ...., 140). The scroll element may include a value for selection, and this value can be increased by rotating R2 to the clockwise direction and decreased by rotating R2 to the counterclockwise direction without actually making the selection. Selection of the provisionally chosen emphasized value triggers a transition from the second selection window of level N2.

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With separate rotary movements provisional selection and scanning through menu items is easy, effective and highly intuitive to the welder. The control 0 operations may be further simplified by arranging the rotary movements Rl, R2 to be mutually interactive. While at any time only one selection window is σ> 25 active, also one of the rotary movements Rl, R2 may be active at a time. A x transition from one rotary movement to another rotary movement may be

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directly interpreted to confirm selection in the transited level.

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o m

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5 For example, in a two-level configuration of Figure 6, the control unit may

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30 comprise two separate physical elements for the rotary movement. Let us assume that they are, for example, two rotary knobs 63, 64 positioned to the immediate vicinity of the screen, side by side under the lower edge of the 15 screen such that their order can be associated with horizontal direction in the screen. The first knob 63 thus naturally associates with display objects in the left side of the screen and the second knob 64 with display objects in the right side of the screen. Operative variable to be adjusted may thus be scanned by 5 rotating the first knob 63 and highlighting moves quickly in the string of display objects according to the movement of the welder's hand. When the adjusted variable has been found, the welder may be allowed to directly begin to move the second knob 64 and the selection of a menu item that corresponds to the highlighted display object is automatically confirmed in level Nl. The value of 10 the operative variable of level N2 may then be quickly increased and decreased by rotating the second knob 64. Transition from detection of one rotary movement to detection of another rotary movement thus happens in response to a change of a moved physical object 63, 64.

15 Due to this, contrary to the conventional menu structures, the welding device may be controlled without any explicit confirmation between the hierarchic levels. The control unit may, however, comprise also an input element 65 which the user can move to indicate and confirm selection of display objects emphasized with the rotary movements. In Figure 6, such input element is 20 represented by a manual push button 65 integrated to the second rotary knob 64. The input element is, however, not necessarily part of an element used for detecting the rotary movement, and can be implemented in many ways. For o example, the input element may be a separate manual button in the body of ^ the control unit, or a separate soft button in a touch screen.

a 25 =£ Due to the improved scrolling capability with rotary movements, a conventional

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complex menu structure can be flattened to a simple two-level configuration. In 00 o addition, due to the hierarchic interaction between the rotary movements, the

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5 control operations can be made with minimal or even without any explicit

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30 selection indications. The welder at work is thus provided with a simple route to the adjusted parameters; one does not have to click through a number of hierarchic levels and items to adjust one specific value in the welding process.

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Neither is it necessary to navigate back and forth through several and varying hierarchic levels to adjust several related features. The whole set of operative variables become readily available after selection of a value for one operative variable.

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In another embodiment, the control unit may comprise one physical element to input two separate rotary movements and to provide an explicit indication that separates the rotary movements from each other. The indication marks transition from one rotary movement to the other. Figure 7 illustrates such 10 configuration with an example. In the configuration, the rotary knob 70 is again fixed to the control unit to rotate in R1 and R2 directions. The knob is also suspended to the control unit such that the knob may also be moved linearly up and down L1/L2 in the direction of its rotary axis (perpendicular to the sheet in Figure 7). The linear movement L1/L2 back and forth may be detected separate 15 from the rotary movement and interpreted by the control unit as an indication of transition from one rotary movement to another. The suspension may be configured in a conventional manner to provide a tactile response such that pushing of the rotary knob corresponds to clicking of a computer mouse.

20 In an embodiment, the knob 70 may be positioned under the lower edge of the screen. Operative variable to be adjusted may thus be scanned first by rotating the knob 70 and, as in figure 6, highlighting moves quickly in the list of display o objects according to the movement of the welder's hand. When the desired 5 variable has been found, the welder may push to knob 70 and thereby select a σ> 25 menu item that corresponds to the highlighted display object in level Nl. At the x same time, a menu item array that corresponds to the selected menu item is

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made active and value of the operative variable of level N2 may now be quickly co o increased and decreased by rotating the knob 70. In this embodiment, both

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5 rotary movements and the indication of transition between them are provided

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30 with the same knob 70, but the knob provides an additional movement for a separate and explicit indication for transition between the rotary movements.

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Emphasis in a selection window of one level may be arranged to be responsive to a non-rotary movement. For example, the menu items of level N1 may be displayed in the first selection window with a group of display objects, available for selection in a touch screen. When e.g. fingers or a closed loop structure is 5 brought the touch screen, the display object at the touching point may be emphasized. In response to a rotary movement of the fingers or the closed loop structure, the menu item corresponding to the emphasized display object of level N1 may become selected. Emphasis of the display object of level N2 is moved according to the detected rotary movement. Selection of the menu item 10 corresponding to the emphasized display object of level N2 may be confirmed in another way, for example moving the fingers or the closed loop structure to another display object of the first selection window. Alternatively, an explicit indication may be provided, for example, by tapping the touch screen in the end of the rotary movement.

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Figure 8 illustrates a further advantage achievable with the proposed use of two rotary movements. In a demanding working environment, control operations are often interrupted or disturbed, and unintentional inputs are activated and returning back to the initial point is typically very complicated. In practice, 20 welders therefore tend to avoid advanced control operations, or they are even categorically forbidden to do them by the management. In Figure 8, elements previously shown in Figure 6 are applied. The control unit may be further 0 configured to store information on at least latest selected menu items. When t1 transition from the first selection window of the first level N1 to the second

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σ> 25 selection window of the subordinate second level N2 occurs, the control unit

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x may be configured to display the display object of the earlier selected menu

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item of the second level N2 in the screen, for example as long as the new 00 o selection is made. In Figure 8, this is shown in the context of the earlier

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^ exemplary operative variable itl. After scrolling to m4 with Rl, the

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30 corresponding subordinate array including the possible values for the maximum voltage becomes active and the user may directly begin to adjust the value for the maximum voltage with R2. When the transition from the first selection 18 window to the second selection window occurs (e.g. when the user begins to rotate R2), the earlier selected maximum value 80 may be stored and shown in the display. Due to this, the welder does not have to be overly concerned about errors when seeking the new value. Ease of adjustment may be further 5 improved by showing the provisionally chosen value in comparison with the earlier selected value. In the example of Figure 8, the new value 81 is shown as a numeral in the scrolling screen, and also as a horizontal bar that lengthens and shortens according to the rotary movement of R2. The size of the new value is immediately comparable to the old value and return to the old value is 10 very easy. Adjustment is thus more convenient, and not as easily disrupted by interrupts and disturbances of the challenging work conditions.

In the previous embodiments, menu items in both levels have included predefined elements of the user interface. In a further embodiment, the 15 proposed configuration may be used for user input of character strings. Typically any keyboard, tactile or one provided with a touch screen, is too small and sensitive to be conveniently operated in industrial environments and gloved hands. Figure 9 illustrates en embodiment with exemplary structures, previously described with Figures 6 and 7. Let us assume the operational 20 variable m, to be set with the control unit is now the username of the welder. The operative variable m, "username" may be selected from menu items of the first array A of the first level N1 with the first rotary movement Rl. The second 0 level N2 array may include characters used in the system for usernames. As ^ discussed earlier, when a display object representing a menu item for the σ> 25 operative variable nrij "username" is highlighted, a corresponding array a, of i letters may become active and the control unit to transit directly to detect input

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of the username with the second rotary movement R2.

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ID

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5 Typically a username comprises more than one values (characters), so the user

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30 interface preferably comprises an intermediate indication for confirming selection of a character, and an end of selection indication confirming termination of a selection chain and triggering generation of the control signal.

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In response to an intermediate indication the character emphasized with R2 is added to an intermediate selection, but the selection in the second level N2 is continued until the end of the selection indication. The indications may be given with separate input elements, but they can also be given with one input 5 element. For example, the control unit may be configured to interpret one push (click) of a knob as an intermediate indication and a double-click as an end of the selection indication.

In the context of character input, one menu item may be considered to be a 10 value formed of a group of sub-values. When the character string array in the second level N2 becomes active, only one sub-value at a time is active for selection. This may be shown with a visual effect in the display. Figure 9 illustrates such arrangement with an example, where a sub-value 90 active for input is shown as highlighted and the array 91 of characters available for 15 selection for it is shown as a curvilinear band. The curvilinear form corresponds to the circular form of the rotary movement R2 used in the selection of the character. The curvilinear form again improves the user-friendliness of the interface by associating the actual movement of the hand with the display object shown in the screen. When an intermediate indication is detected, the 20 control unit may include the selected sub-value into the menu item and activate a subsequent sub-value for selection. When the whole character string has been input, an end of the selection chain indication may be detected and the 0 character string stored as the value for the menu item m, "username".

o σ> 25 The outlook of the display objects and their order may be varied in many ways.

x Figure 10 shows an example of a display object for an exemplary menu item of

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the second level N2 of Figure 6. Values of the second level N2 array may be 00 o shown in a scale 100 that turns in respect to a fixed point 101 along the rotary

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5 movement R2 102. This enhances the ease and accuracy of the adjustment

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30 with the rotary movement. In more general, the screen and the manual knob of R2 may be positioned in physical contact, or even made to overlap in the control unit. The display of the screen may then be programmed to provide 20 display objects that visually integrate to the manual rotating object. The display object may alternatively be used to provide a fixed scale in which a fixed symbol moves along the rotary movement R2. When a physical object, like a loop structure, is used to input the rotary movement, the physical object may 5 include a protrusion, and the position of the symbol of the display object in the touch screen may be arranged to correspond with the position of the physical object.

Due to the optimal use of rotary movements, relatively long menu item lists 10 may be applied, and most of the welding devices can in practice be controlled by means of the described two-level menu structure. If the device is very diverse, the amount of menu items in level N1 may, however, become excessive. Scrolling through the list of menu items may eventually require too many full rounds of R1 to be useful, and it may be too difficult to find a specific 15 menu items from a long list of display items. As discussed above, additional levels of detail may naturally be provided by increasing the number of hierarchic levels and the amount of rotary movements applied in the user interface. However, this may happen with a cost of simplicity and user-friendliness of the control unit. In an alternative approach, the control unit is configured to 20 comprise two or more robustly formed input elements, for example manual buttons or soft buttons in a touch screen, with which the user may activate one two-level menu structure at a time. The essential aspect is, however, that 0 selections in an active two-level menu structure are made as a combination of ^ two rotary movements, one for an operational variable to be adjusted and one σ> 25 for values of the operational variable.

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Figure 11 discloses steps of an embodiment of a method performed in the 00 o control unit of Figure 1. Further details on the terms and expressions may thus

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^ be referred from description of any of the earlier Figures 1 to 9. In the cm 30 beginning, the control unit is initialized (stage 110) to store a first array A of menu items mi for selections in a first menu level Nl. A menu item of the array A corresponds to an operational variable adjustable in the functional units of the 21 welding device of Figure 1. The control unit is also initialized (stage 111) to store a group of second arrays a, for selections in a second menu level N2. Each of the second arrays a, corresponds to one menu item m, of the first array A. The control unit is also initialized to store a first selection window including 5 display objects dl of menu items of the first array, and a second selection window including display objects d2 of menu items of a second array (stage 112).

During operation, one of the first selection window and the second selection 10 window wl/w2 (stage 113) is activated in a display unit, one menu item m(wl/w2) of the active selection window is emphasized (stage 114) and the control unit is standby to detect a rotary movement. When the control unit detects (stage 115) a rotary movement R, it moves (stage 116) emphasis in the activated selection window in response to the detected rotary movement. 15 When the control unit detects (stage 117) selection of the emphasized display object dl or d2, it conveys the selection to (stage 118) a menu item that corresponds to the selected display object, and activates (stage 119) the other selection window.

20 Embodiments and aspects described with Figure 3 to 10 are directly applicable by a person skilled in the art to the control unit of Figure 2, the welding device of Figure 1 and the method of Figure 11. While various o aspects of the invention have been illustrated and described as block ^ diagrams, message flow diagrams, flow charts and logic flow diagrams, or σ> 25 using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that the x illustrated units, blocks, device, system elements, procedures and methods

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may be implemented in, for example, hardware, software, firmware, special 00 o purpose circuits or logic, a computing device or some combination thereof.

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30 It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that as technology advances, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in various ways. The 22 invention and its embodiments are therefore not restricted to the above examples, but they may vary within the scope of the claims.

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Claims

A method, characterized in that the method comprises: providing a first set of functional variables of the welding apparatus to a plurality of targets; arranging the values of the functional variables into a second set of menu items, each of the second set representing one of the items in the first set; storing a first dialog, including display objects of the first set of menu items; storing a second dialog, including display objects of the second set of menu items; activating the first dialog or the second dialog in the display unit; Highlighting 15 activated dialog boxes in one display object at a time; rotation detection; moving the highlight to the activated dialog in response to the detected rotation; Detecting the selection of 20 highlighted display objects; selecting an item corresponding to the selected display object; activating a second dialog in response to the detected selection of the highlighted display object.

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation motion is detected by user interface means which can be operated by the user with his hand. δ

A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: o 30 detecting a first set of intervals for selecting an object; £ 3 is detected in the second set of interval item selection; = Outputs a control signal containing the set value of the welding machine adjustable function variable, the adjusted function variable § corresponding to the first set of selected menu items and the set value m 35 corresponding to the second set of selected menu items. δ C \ 1

Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: activating the first dialog; highlighting, in the activated first dialog, one of the first set intervals of the object display object; displaying one or more display objects of the second set simultaneously, wherein the second set corresponds to the menu items of the first set 5 whose display object is highlighted in the first dialog.

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: 10 shifting the highlighting in the first dialog in response to the first rotation; shifting the highlighting in the second dialog in response to the second rotation, wherein the second rotation is separate from the first rotation. 15

Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first dialog box comprises a plurality of display objects in a sequential order, each of the display objects corresponding to one of the first set of menu items. 20

Method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the first rotation or the second rotation is detected by a physical object which can be rotated by the user with his hand.

A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the first rotation or the second rotation is detected by a physical object which can be rotated by the user by hand using a touch screen. O

A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the first rotation or the second rotation is detected by two separate S physical objects which the user can rotate with his hand. X CC

A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the detection of the first rotation is changed to detecting the second rotation LO <2 35 in response to the detected change in the physical object S transmitted.

A method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the first rotation or the second rotation is detected by a single physical object that can be rotated by the user with his hand and can also be moved non-rotationally to indicate moving from one rotation to another.

Method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the selection of the highlighted display object is detected in response to a user-activated activation of a predetermined input element. 10

A method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the second display window comprises a scroll element which displays a second set of spaced object highlighted display objects.

A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the display object contains a value which increases and decreases according to the second rotation, or a bar which becomes longer and shorter according to the second rotation, or a scale which rotates relative to a fixed point with the second rotation. 20

A method according to claim 14, characterized in that another rotational motion is detected by a physical object that the user can rotate with his hand; displaying a scale that rotates relative to a fixed point along the path of another 25 rotations, displaying a scale visually integrated with the rotating physical object. δ

A method according to any one of claims 5 to 15, characterized in that cu stores a second set of selected menu items; g displays the stored value of the activated second dialog box. CL C \ J

A control unit comprising means adapted to perform co 35 of each of the steps of any one of claims 1 to 16. δ c \ j

A control unit according to claim 17, characterized in that the means for detecting the first rotation or the second rotation comprises at least one of: a touch screen adapted to detect the rotation of one or more fingers of the user, a touch screen adapted to detect rotation of a circular object; , which can be rotated by the user, a camera and optical detection algorithms 5 adapted to analyze the video image representing the user's hand, microelectromechanical sensors mounted on the user's hand or glove.

A welding device comprising a control unit according to claim 17 or 18.

A computer coded computer program encoding instructions for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 in a welding machine control unit. 15 δ CvJ cp n CvJ X X Q. CvJ CO o n co δ CvJ