FI122938B - Method and Device for Realizing IPv6 Transmission Connection Layer Adaptation in a Wireless Channel - Google Patents

Description

A method and apparatus for implementing IPv6 bearer layer adaptation in a wireless channel

Area

The invention relates to the communication of Internet Protocol version 6 over a wireless network 5.

Background

In modern communication and information networks, communication between programs and computers is vital. Different programs, computers and processors exchange data without human intervention. Such communication-10 is called machine-to-machine communication (M2M). Different environments use different networks and protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) are basic protocols for communication over the Internet. TCP takes care of the collection and decryption and reliability of data transmitted in packets. IP 15 handles frames and addresses so that packets go to the right destination. Above TCP / IP, various application protocols can be used, for example as client / server protocols.

A low-power wireless data network, such as an IEEE 802.15.4 embedded and sensor network, is an example of a data network technology that uses a lot of M2M communication. Such information networks use energy efficiently and circuit technology is cheap. As a result, technology is rapidly moving into embedded devices such as automation, measurement, tracking and control. Recently, the use of these networks in buildings and other environments has increased.

25 Devices on an embedded network may need to

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^ work with a server on the Internet, for example. Therefore, the devices are equipped with the means to communicate over the Internet. Cellular systems, such as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system, are widely used in machine-to-machine communications in applications such as remote machine monitoring, automated measurement infrastructure, and asset management. In M2M systems, the devices may include a cellular system modem o for M2M service communication. The GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) modem is an example of a modem. Although some M2M applications use SMS (Short Message Service) for communication, it is a very limited solution. Most programs require an IP connection, so they 2 use IP (Internet Protocol) over GPRS. Similar connections are used in other types of cellular systems based on CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) or on third generation (3G) systems such as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications 5 System) or LTE (Long Term Evolution).

The downside of the current, still widely used Internet protocol, is that IPv4 is limited because it uses 32 bits in its addresses. Machine-to-machine applications often monitor very large numbers of devices, which must be cheap and usually battery-powered. 10 IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is clearly needed to handle large numbers of nodes because of its superior address system. IPv6 uses 128 bits for addresses.

The current solution enables the use of GSM devices using IP over GPRS, causing major problems for the M2M industry and telephone company-15 operators. GPRS is complex, conserves resources over the GSM network, is too expensive, and requires too much power from M2M devices in a low-power wireless network. Although the IP data passing through GPRS could be compressed and made more efficient, most of the GPRS-related problems would remain unresolved.

20 Brief Description

According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a device comprising a processor; a memory comprising a computer program code configured with a processor to cause the device to perform at least: transmitting and receiving 6LoWPAN frames on a signaling channel of the wireless telecommunications system for performing IPv6 link layer adaptation over the channel.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus comprising 9 processors; a memory having computer program code configured with a processor to cause the device to perform at least: sending and

c 30 to receive the 6LoWPAN frames, to infer the received 6L0WPAN

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the sender address of the frame; deduce the received 6L0WPAN- £! frame class based on sender address; and control the different classes of ke-? hoses for different routers, o

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a subscriber identity module configured for insertion into a mobile device of a cellular system and comprising a processor; a memory having a computer program code configured with a processor to provide a subscriber identity module to perform at least: control transmission and reception of 6LoWPAN frames on the wireless telecommunications system signaling channel for performing IPv6-5 link layer adaptation over the channel.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising transmitting and receiving 6LowPAN frames on a wireless telecommunications system signaling channel for performing IPv6 link layer adaptation across a channel.

10 Pattern list

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 illustrates an example of a system to which the invention may be applied; Figure 2 illustrates an example protocol stack; Figure 3 illustrates a USSD frame; and Figure 4 illustrates an example of the flow of USSD messages carrying 6LoWPAN frames; Figure 5 illustrates an example of a mobile machine state machine; and Figures 6, 7, 8A and 8B illustrate examples of devices.

Description of Embodiments

The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the description may refer to "one" embodiment or to "some" embodiments, in many places this does not necessarily mean that references are to the same embodiment or embodiments, or that the feature is applicable to only one embodiment.

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The individual features of the various embodiments may be combined to provide other embodiments.

Figure 1 shows an example of network topology to which embodiments of the invention can be applied. The exemplary network topology of Figure 1 comprises

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The machine is configured to connect to the Internet 100 over a cellular network, in this example a GSM-based LT) network 130. A GSM-based network may be a GSM network or an evolution of a GSM network such as UMTS or LTE.

The GSM-based network 130 comprises a mobile services switching center MSC 35 110. The MSC is responsible for the connections, calling, terminal location registration, handover management, subscriber billing information compilation, frequency allocation management and many other cellular network services. Depending on the size, the network may have one or more MSCs.

The network 130 further comprises a Home Location Register (HLR) 106 which includes a permanent subscriber directory, e.g., the following information: International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), International Subscriber Identity Number (MSISDN), Identification Key, and, if the radio system supports GPRS, packets (PDP) address.

The visitor location register (VLR) 108 of the network 130 includes traffic information of the terminals 10 in the area of the mobile switching center 110. The visitor location register 108 contains almost the same information as the home location register 106, but the visitor location register 108 only holds the information temporarily.

The network elements of Figure 1 are functional entities whose physical implementation may vary. Generally, the mobile switching center 110 and the visitor location register 15 will constitute one physical device, and the home location register 106 may constitute another physical device. However, the physical implementation of the elements is not essential in connection with embodiments of the invention.

The elements of the network 130 are interconnected. In one embodiment, the connections are implemented using GSM Mobile Application Part 20 MAP 122, which acts as a common bus for network components.

The machine-to-machine communication device 112 generally communicates with the MSC 110 of the cellular network 124 via a base station or eNodeB (not shown). In one embodiment, there may be a Base Station Controller (BSC) or a Radio Network Controller (RNC) between the base station and the MSC. However, the MSC manages the connection between the device 112 and the networks.

In one embodiment, device 112 is a separate M2M device which

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communicate with the Internet. In one embodiment, device 112 may operate

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As a router for a sensor network 116 consisting of nodes 114 and links 126

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30 between the nodes.

| The sensor network 116 may be of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard with IEEE

σ> stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,

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hoine wireless network. In one embodiment, the network is an IPv6 sensor? network. This means that radio interfaces 126 between nodes 114 utilize IPv6. In one embodiment, the communication is implemented in accordance with the Internet standard IETF RFC 4944, where the IETF RFC stands for Internet Engagement Task Force Request for Comments. IETF RFC 4944 can sometimes be called 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks).

In one embodiment, radio interfaces 126 may be implemented using IEEE 802.15.4 for ZigBee, Bluetooth or Bluetooth Ultra Low Power (ULP), Low Power Wireless Local Area Network, Application Specific Low Power Radio, Cellular Radio, or any other low power with the right system. In a low-power wireless network, more than 10 radio interfaces may be used, and the interfaces may be incompatible with each other.

If the device 112 acts as a low-power wireless network router, the device may utilize various radio interfaces to communicate with the wireless network and the cellular network 130.

In one embodiment, the M2M communication 124 that utilizes IPv6 between the device 112 and the Internet is implemented using the signal channels of the cellular network to which the device is connected.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1, where device 112 communicates with GSM-based network 130, M2M communication 124 utilizing Ipv6 is implemented using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD). An IPv6 connection can be achieved by sending and receiving USSD service messages consisting of IETF RFC 4944 frames. The IETF RFC 4944 or 6L0WPAN frames in USSD service messages carry the IPv6 protocol between the device 112 and the Internet. The proposed solution has 25 many advantages over the prior art solution where IP is implemented over GPRS. For example, the latency of USSD is much lower than ver-5 compared to GPRS or SMS startup times. In addition, it is simpler

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implements 6L0WPAN over USSD as a full IP stack over GPRS. In addition, the power consumption is reduced due to the fast operation of the USSD and longer periods of equipment rest. Also, the USSD cellular radio has a better I load than GPRS.

σ> In one embodiment, device 112 that transmits IPv6 over the USSD

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that contains a small subset of GSM standards for USSD communications,? 6LoWPAN link layer adaptation and 6L0WPAN-™ 35 protocol stack passing through USSD.

6 The USSD service is usually used to send short text messages, which may be operator-defined. Conventional use of USSD messages relates to prepaid subscribers and call routing.

In GSM-based systems, the USSD utilizes GSM-5 communication channels for data transmission. If the mobile device is in standby mode, SDCCH (stand-alone dedicated control channel) is used to transmit data. When a mobile device having an active connection to the network (such as a call), FACCH (Fast Associated Control Channel) is used for data transmission.

The USSD service provides a half-duplex connection between a mobile device and an application on the network. Either a mobile device or a web application can start a USSD connection and only one session at a time can be open. USSD is session-based, immediate (no buffering) and reliable. The USSD can also be redirected back to the home network (HLR) of the mobile device using the service. It enables the same services to be provided, even if mobile devices use foreign 15 networks.

In a cellular network 130, a unit called USSD Port 104 handles background USSD applications. The port can also be called the USSD Service Center. Usually, USSD applications are terminated on a unit directly connected to the USSD port.

In one embodiment, the background architecture is much more flexible than the above. In the example of Figure 1, one or more IPv6 routers 102 act as a USSD application for the 6LoWPAN in the USSD service. IPv6 routers are configured to direct 118 traffic to other IPv6 servers that can be located anywhere on the Internet 100. Each IPv6 router 102 25 is configured to communicate with 120 USSD Ports using a protocol supported by it, for example, SMPP (Short Message Peer to Peer). it is CIMD o (Computer Interface to Message Distribution).

In the following, an embodiment will be examined with reference to Figures 2 and 3. Figure 2 illustrates a protocol stack from device 112 to IPv6 router 102.

Figure 3 shows how a 6LoWPAN frame can carry the payloads of a USSD message (USSD String).

σ> The stack of device 112 contains the GSM communication layer completely

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or a subset that supports USSD. On top of the GSM layer is support for USSD, o 5 6LoWPAN application layer, IPv6, and in addition UPD (User Datagram ^ 35 Protocol) used for Internet communication. Note that 7 other traffic such as TCP and any application protocol can also be utilized.

MSC 110, VLR 108, HLR 106 and USSD Gate 104 communicate using MAP. In the example of Figure 2, USSD Port 104 and IPv6 Router 102 5 communicate using CIMD.

As mentioned above, the USSD is a half-duplex signaling channel that is normally used to send text messages from a mobile device to an operator application or vice versa. Either a mobile device or a web application can start a USSD session and only one session can be open at a time.

As shown in Figure 3, the USSD frame may comprise a USSD header 302, a 6LoWPAN header 304, a UDP header 306, and a UDP payload (USSD string) 308. The USSD header consists of a Data Coding Scheme (DCS), a possible Service Code (SC). ) for a mobile device-initiated USSDJI and a possible Network Equipment Indicator (NEI) for a network-initiated USSDJI. The USSD-15 payload (USSD String) is normally used to carry 7-bit ASCII text. The size of the USSD string can vary between 133 and 160 octets depending on the message.

In one embodiment, 6LoWPAN is used to carry IPv6 naturally through the USSD. The LoWPAN applicability layer is placed in a direct USSD string. In GSM-based networks, the USSD String is transmitted using the Data Coding Scheme (DCS) and 8-bit encoding (bit3 = 0, bit2 = 1). Thus, the default DCS setting for both mobile and network-initiated USSDs is 11110101 = 0xF5. However, some GSM networks or modems only allow the 0xF0 DCS code (default 7-bit encoding). In such cases, Base64 encoding may be used to transport the binary line-25 tan in the USSD string.

When the mobile device starts USSD, it must indicate the USSD-5 service class in the opening message in the form "* SC * ATTRIBUTE #", where SC is

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^ an integer identifying the USSD application to which the message needs to be routed and where ATTRIBUTE # is an optional value to be sent to the receiving USSD application receiving the message. In one embodiment of the invention, a particular SC value is used | identify the 6L0WPAN via the USSD service. ATTRIBUTE is not used.

σ> Preferably, the given SC value is derived from the SC state of the mobile device HLR. In

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in an embodiment, 6LoWPAN over a USSD background is hosted on a mobile device ^ home network. In GSM terminology, the home network is denoted by HPLMN (Home ^ 35 Public Land Mobile Network). An unlimited example of a given SC value is * 123 #.

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Returning to Figure 3, the USSD header 302 carries all the required USSD information, such as DCS and SC. The length of this header varies, so the payload size varies depending on the message type. The 6L0WPAN header 304 comes immediately after the USSD header. The first byte of the header indicates the LoWPAN-5 frame type. In one embodiment, the first byte can indicate two types: Blank and Add Data. These types are explained below. The LoWPAN header condenses IPv6, and in Figure 3, the entire IPv6 header is compressed. If there were other IPv6 fields, they would follow immediately after the LoWPAN header 304. The UDP header 306 will follow, and finally the payload (USSD String) 308. It should be noted that UDP is used here as an example only. Other protocols can also be used.

When the device 112 acts as a '6L0WPAN over USSD' host, the IPv6 auto configuration is used to address the host, which compiles a 128-bit IPv6 address from the 64-bit prefix provided by IPv6 router 102 and host 112's interface detector 15 (typically less than 64 bits). . In one embodiment, the interface identifier of the host device 112 comprises a 15-digit MSISDN number of the GSM SIM card of the host device 112. This is accomplished by encoding 15 MSISDN numbers into a 4-bit packet of unsigned integers (4x15 = 60 bits) plus 4 bits 0-20 fill characters to obtain 64 bits. Prior to automatic configuration, host device 112 may optionally send a Router Solicitation (RS) message to the IPv6 router followed by a Router Advertisement (RA) including a 64-bit prefix. However, this step is unnecessary for hosts and can be skipped if they do not need to know their own IPv6 address, because the 25 6L0WPAN compression ignores packet prefix information anyway.

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o Let's examine an example of address generation (MSISDN -> 64-bit

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4 IID): ° MSISDN has the format: 000358501234567 00 30 MSISDN in decimal system: 0-0-0-3-5-8-5-0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7 1 MSISDN in binary system: 0000- 0000-0000-0011-0101-1000- o> 0101 -0000-0001 -0010-0011 -0100-0101 -0110-0111

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plus 4 bits filler characters 0000 ^ Each decimal number converted to a 4-bit binary value, chained ^ 35 with a 4-bit 0-filler character to a 64-bit binary value.

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When the device 112 acts as a '6L0WPAN over USSD' router that manages the IPv6 network behind it, the address is obtained in the same way as the host. The router device 112 automatically configures its own GSM interface using RS / RA (Router Solicitation / Router Advertisement) and then builds its address from MSISDN. In addition, the router device 112 must obtain its own 64-bit prefix (or prefixes) to advertise them on local interfaces. This is accomplished using, for example, DHCPv6 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6), which then requests one or more prefixes from IPv6 router 102. The router-operating device 10 112 uses these specific prefixes with its own local interfaces and performs normal IPv6 routing on networks. between. In this configuration, the router is unable to compress the IPv6 forward packet address field prefix, but is able to compress its own outbound packets normally.

Because USSD only allows one session per MS at a time and 15 sessions are half duplex, flow control must be managed to allow IPv6 packets to be sent in both directions. In one embodiment, the flow control is implemented without additional overhead. As a solution, the concepts of the Li-Weather-Data indicator and time-out are presented. The Add Data indicator tells the corresponding endpoint that the sender has messages in the relay queue, i.e. 20 more packets are waiting to be sent and that the endpoint should send a response message immediately (with an empty payload if no data is waiting on that side). This allows many IPv6 packets to be transmitted quickly in series. The Add Data indication is provided by using the DCS code 0x05 instead of the default 0xF5. Some GSM-25 networks may have limited DCS codes. Therefore, in some embodiments of the invention, the More Data indication is implemented using a different 0 6LoWPAN header transmit value (first byte in Figure 30 header 304).

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^ as default. If, as a result of the Add Data indication, it is necessary to restore ^ an empty packet, a single blank byte 0x0, which corresponds to a special 30 code in 6LoWPAN, is placed in the frame and ignored (USSD does not allow completely empty messages).

ο. To ensure effective flow control, a timeout is defined. Time-

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the cut-off defines the time to wait before transmitting an empty frame-? where if the More Data indicator is not transmitted, or who has to wait until the ^ 35 session has ended if no new data has been transmitted at that time.

In one embodiment, implementation of this USSD link layer application 10 may require some error codes to be encoded as specific 6L0WPAN transmission values. Other IPv6 errors are normally sent as standard ICMPv6 error messages.

USSD traffic can be initiated by either your mobile device or the network. Within the embodiments of the invention, the traffic initiated by both the mobile device and the network is treated in the same way, although there may be slight differences in the implementation.

Figure 4 shows a stream of USSD messages carrying 6LoWPAN frames in a case initiated by a mobile device. The case initiated by the network is similar but different. Mobile device 112 initiates a USSD session by transmitting the first Invoke Request message 404 using a specific SC code. The GSM network elements 104-110 process the message and deliver it to the IPv6 router 102. In this example, the mobile device 112 has two IPv6 messages waiting in its queue 402, so it puts an Add-Data character in the message 404 when transmitting the first message. The IPv6 router 102 detects the 15 More Data indicator and immediately responds with a Blank message 406 to regain control of the mobile device 112.

Mobile device 112 continues by immediately sending another IPv6 message 408 in the Continue Request message 410 without the Add Data token. The IPv6 router will then wait for the IPv6 message for TIMEOUT to send back to the mobile 20 device. In this example, the IPv6 message arrives 412 within the TIMEOUT time and is sent back in the Response message 414. Finally, the mobile device 112 waits for a TIMEOUT 416 seconds before transmitting the Release Indicator 418 to the network.

In one embodiment, flow control for the 6LoWPAN is accomplished through the USSD by holding a simple state machine at both USSD endpoints with each active session. Figure 5 shows a state machine of a mobile device 112 used to handle USSD sessions initiated by a mobile device. The IPv6 router state machine is similar.

^ Mobile device 112 starts in IDLE mode 502. When mobile device 112 30 has an IPv6 packet to be transmitted 504, it goes to SEND REQUEST state 506 where I sets the Add Data flag if it has more than one IPv6 packet σ> waiting in queue 508.

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The mobile device 112 then goes to OUTGOING IDLE mode 510 while waiting-

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ς I'm answering or TIMEOUT. Upon receipt of the incoming response ™ 35 512, the mobile device 112 enters PROCESS RESPONSE mode 514 where it transmits the incoming message (if valid) to the IPv6 stack. Next, the mobile device 112 11 returns to OUTGOING IDLE mode. From there, mobile device 112 may send another outgoing IPv6 packet 516, TIMEOUT may monitor if there is no activity 518, or network 520 may release the session.

In one embodiment, fragmentation is required because the IPv6 scales-5 can handle at least 1280 bytes of transmitted unit and the USSD has a payload of up to 160 bytes. This is accomplished by using the 6L0WPAN fragmentation header, which splits the larger IPv6 packets into fragments and reassembles them on the other side of the USSD link.

It is expected that the number of M2M devices will increase in the future. The predicted huge number of M2M devices will generate a large amount of traffic. Normally, one USSD application would have to handle all USSD traffic to the Service Code, which could potentially become a bottleneck. In one embodiment of the invention, traffic can be subdivided and routed for better performance. This is accomplished by using MSISDN-15 filtering on the USSD port 104, which segments the MSISDN number into blocks, each assigned to a different IPv6 router 102. For example, the MSISDN number spaces of different operators can be divided into different blocks. Thus, the USSD port or another network element receiving the USSD frames defines the sender MSISDN and classifies the frame into a specific category on the basis of MSISDN. The frame can be sent to a router serving the category. The USSD port can be configured to automatically perform segmentation for USSD mobile traffic.

In one embodiment, the IPv6 routers may communicate directly with the USSD port for each MSISDN component. The '6L0WPAN over USSD' 25 state machine can be implemented on an IPv6 router, although it can also be implemented on a USSD port. When the outgoing 6LoWPAN frames reach the IPv6 router, 5 they are expanded. The IPv6 source address has an IPv6 router prefix. So the guest

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The 4-t response automatically goes back through the same IPv6 router.

Figure 6 shows an example of a device. The device 112 includes a communication interface 502, for example a GSM transceiver. In addition, the device £ includes an application processor configured to execute software applications σ>. In one embodiment, the device includes a smart card, such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 500. In GSM-based systems 5, the SIM card or similar smart card is a removable card that provides subscriber identity. SIM cards and similar smart cards contain processor Sorin and memory, which can be both read-only or write-read. In one embodiment, the '6L0WPAN over USSD' stack functionality described above is included in the SIM 500.

The 6LoWPAN stack of the SIM card uses the GSM transceiver 502 through its normal interface. Stack access is provided by a socket application prog-5 ramming interface (API) such as calls from application processes 504 either multiplexed with a standard SIM card interface, or using one of the free connectors on a SIM card such as a universal Asynchronous receiver / transmitter (UART) or Inter-Integrated Circuit (l2C). ). This embodiment is a complete breakthrough in M2M, as it allows for very simple and inexpensive M2M-10 modems, and the inclusion of '6L0WPAN over USSD' functionality on the SIM card allows the technology to be easily incorporated into existing GSM modems simply by changing the SIM card.

Figure 7 shows another example of the device. The device 112 includes a processor 702, a memory 704, a communication interface 706 such as a GSM-15 transceiver, a SIM reader 710 where the SIM can be inserted, and optionally a user interface 708. The user interface may consist of a speaker, display, keyboard, and microphone. In the case of an M2M device, it may not need a user interface at all. The device may include other components such as sensors and other interfaces. In this embodiment, the 6L0WPAN described above-20 over the USSD stack is implemented in processor 702 and memory 704.

Device 112 refers to a portable calculator. Such computing devices include wireless communication devices, with or without a SIM module, including, but not limited to, the following types of devices: cellular telephone, smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), headset. The wireless connection can be implemented by means of a wireless transceiver operating under GSM (Global System

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^ for Mobile Communications), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network), Bluetooth® or any other standard or non-standard for wireless communication.

05 Figure 8A shows another example of a device. In this example, the device

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can be an IPv6 router. Device 102 includes processor 800, memory 802, and

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Communication interface 804. Communication interface 804 may provide the device with a connection to USSD port 104, HLR 106, and MSC 110 of the cellular system, and allow the device to transmit and receive 6L0WPAN frames under processor 13 control over the wireless telecommunication system signaling channel. Over IPv6 Link Layer Adaptation Channel. In a GSM-based system, the device is configured to transmit and receive Unstructured Suplementary Service Data 5 (USSD) messages containing 6LoWPAN frames.

Figure 8B shows another example of the device. In this example, the device may be a USSD router. The device 104 includes a processor 810, a memory 812, a first communication interface 814, and a second communication interface 816. The first communication interface 814 may provide the device with access to the HLR 106 of the cellular system 10 and the MSC 110, e.g. The second communication interface 816 may provide the device with access to one or more IPv6 routers 102 using a suitable protocol such as SMPP (Short Message Peer to Peer) or CIMD (Computer Interface to Message Distribution). In practice, the first and second interfaces can be combined into one unit.

The device of Figure 8B may be configured to receive a 6L0WPAN frame from another network element such as HLR 106. The device may be configured to determine the sender of the frame and determine the category of the received 6LoWPAN frame based on the sender's address. The device may be further configured to forward frames of different categories to different routers.

The devices in Figures 6, 7, 8A and 8B may be implemented as an electronic digital computer which may include a working memory (RAM), a central processing unit (CPU) and a system clock. The CPU may include a plurality of registers, an arithmetic logic unit and a control unit. The management unit is controlled by a series of application commands transferred from the CPU to the RAM. The control unit may include some micro commands for basic operations. The implementation of micro instructions can vary with the CPU's mal-

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^ list depending. Application commands can be coded in a programming language which can be a high level programming language such as C or Java and so on, or a low 0 30 level programming language such as machine language or assembler. The electronic digital computer 1 may also have an operating system that can provide system services to a program written in accordance with the application instructions.

One embodiment provides a computer program that is included? a distribution device, the program consisting of software commands that, when loaded on the device ^ 35, provide the '6L0WPAN over USSD' functionality described above on the device.

14

The computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, stored in some form of intermediary, which may be any entity or device capable of transmitting the program. Such mediators include, for example, storage media, computer-5 memory, read-only memory, and application sharing package. Depending on the processing power required, the computer program may be run on a single electronic controller or distributed among a plurality of controllers.

It will be clear to one skilled in the art that as technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in many ways. The inventions of the embodiments thereof are not limited to the examples described above, but may be modified within the scope of the claims.

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Claims (20)

A device comprising a processor; a memory comprising a computer program code configured with the processor (504) to cause the device to perform at least: transmitting and receiving 6LoWPAN frames on a wireless telecommunication system (130) signaling channel (124) to perform an IPv6 adaptation. link layer over the channel. The device of claim 1, further configured to transmit and receive Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) service messages, comprising 6LoWPAN frames. The device of claim 1, further configured to transmit and receive USSD frames, which include a USSD header, a 6LoWPAN header, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header, and a UDP payload. Device according to claim 3, wherein the frame comprises an indicator connecting to whether the frame transmitters have messages in their transmission queue. 20 Device according to claim 3, further configured to transmit and receive USSD frames, which include as indicator a particular Data Coding Scheme code. The device of claim 3, further configured to transmit and receive CMS USSD frames, in which the 6LoWPAN header comprises an indicator. CM CD The device of claim 4, further configured to transmit a 0 response to a received message without delay, if the received message indicates that the transmitter has a message in the transmission queue. 01 The device of claim 1, further configured to store a 9 mobile subscriber's ISDN number (MSISDN), comprising 15 number characters; o CM to generate an adapter identifier for the device's IPv6 address by encoding MSISDN's number character as a four-bit packed integer without a sign and adding four bits of O-fill characters. A device comprising a processor (810); a memory (812) having a computer program code configured with the processor (812) to cause the device to perform at least: transmitting and receiving 6LoWPAN frames, determining the address of a received 6LoWPAN frame's transmitter; deciding on a received 6LoWPAN frame class based on the sender's address; and control of a different class of framework for different routers. A subscriber identity module (500) configured to be placed in a mobile device of a cellular system and comprising a processor; a computer program code memory configured with the processor to cause the subscriber identity module to perform at least: controlling the transmission and reception of 6LoWPAN frames on a wireless telecommunication system signaling channel to perform an IPv6 link layer adaptation over the channel. A method, comprising transmitting and receiving 6LoWPAN frames on the signaling channel (124) of a wireless telecommunication system (130) to perform adaptation o of an IPv6 link layer over the channel. CM CD ° 12. A method according to claim 11, further comprising sending and receiving Unstructured Supplementary Service £ Data (USSD service messages comprising 6LoWPAN frames.) CM The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting and receiving USSD frames comprising a USSD header, a 6LoWPAN header, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) header, and a UDP payload. The method of claim 11, wherein the frame comprises an indicator connecting to whether the frame transmitters have messages in their transmission queue. 5 The method of claim 14, further comprising transmitting and receiving USSD frames, which frames include as an indicator a particular Data Coding Scheme code. The method of claim 14, further comprising transmitting and receiving USSD frames, in which frames the 6L0WPAN header comprises an indicator. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting a response to a received message without delay, if the received message indicates that the transmitter has message in the transmission queue. The method of claim 11, further comprising storing a mobile subscriber's ISDN number (MSISDN), which number comprises 15 number characters; generating an adapter identifier for the device's IPv6 address by encoding the MSISDN's number character as a four-bit packed integer without a sign and adding four bits of O-fill characters. 25 The method of claim 12, further comprising deciding on a received 6LoWPAN frame class based on the sender's address. CV CD ° 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising Γ "- 0 controlling a different class of frames for different routers. X cc CL CD CV LO o δ cv