FI121946B - A bifilar cable structure to improve the quality of audio frequency information transmission - Google Patents

Description

Bifillary duct structure to improve the quality of transmission of audio-like information.

The invention relates to a wire structure. The conductor of the invention is intended for use in transmitting an audio frequency signal between a loudspeaker and an amplifier, or alternatively, an audio source and an amplifier, when a variable frequency signal is transmitted by electron motion in a metal conductor.

jq Transfer of Energy or Information in a Conductor Electric energy or information is transmitted in a metal conductor by the movement of free electrons.

The material used for the conductors is usually copper or aluminum.

A current of varying frequency generates an induction voltage to the metal conductor. Known as self-induction, it resists current changes, slowing down both current growth and decrease.

Capacitance has similar effects. It illustrates the magnitude of the charges induced in a dual conductor system when there is a voltage between the conductors. Capacitance tends to resist voltage changes.

The effects of 2Q inductance and capacitance are similar. The phenomenon they cause is commonly referred to as reactance.

For example, in capacitive lines, the capacitance generated by the reactive currents tends to adversely increase the voltage in the network.

The resistance of the conductor is another impediment to the flow of electricity. Resistance occurs as a result of 2 ^ electron scattering. Scattering is the result of the migration of free electrons in the conductor that carry electricity. Collision with the surrounding particles reduces the energy of the electrons. The phenomenon caused by resistance and reactance together in a conductor is called impedance, or alternating current resistance.

30 Quality of Electronic Information Transmission at Audio Frequencies

Depending on the applications, the requirements for the quality of power transmission vary. In energy transfer, it is enough for electricity to be transferred. In the case of audio frequencies, great emphasis is placed on minimizing losses and other interference on the transmission line as they directly affect the quality of the audio being heard.

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With the advent of digital technology, other factors affecting sound quality have emerged. One of these is jitter, which refers to changes caused by the digitization of the original signal. Errors occur in the process of digitization, where the wave containing the original signal is cut into small parts. In the process of re-assembling these parts, the pulses, into a whole signal, there is an inaccuracy, a distortion called jitter. Jitter is created because not every single pulse can be installed in its proper position which in turn causes changes to the original signal.

Often, especially in audio technology, jitter changes the signal's time ratio. While the importance of jitter may seem minor, its effect on the quality of the audible sound may be significant. In part, this is due to our excellent ability to hear and distinguish the sound world around us.

In addition to the direction of the sound, we monitor the quality of the sound, which itself already contains many different factors, often very fast, varying in intensity, duration, and tone.

If we listen more closely to the song of the bird, we notice whether the sound of the bird is coming from the front, from the back, or somewhere else. If a song sounds like it is coming from somewhere in front of us, for example at about twenty degrees to the listener, we almost instinctively turn our head towards the sound and determine its position. Often the sound landscape has many 20 simultaneous sounds. If we wish, we can use our hearing to find out the direction of all these different voices.

The effect of jitter on sound quality can be compared to a situation where, almost simultaneously with the song of the bird, a little delayed, more muted, the ears receive almost the same 'echo' of the bird song. This makes voice recognition more difficult.

25 This example illustrates our excellent ability to hear, and to distinguish, voices varying in direction and content. At best, our hearing range covers 20-20KHz. Because we understand a single sound to be the sum of many different components; sound direction and volume vary, as well as tone, rhythm, etc., it is clear that effective calculations are required to find out these various components, but 30 of our hearing performs well.

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The effectiveness of the brain is illustrated by the situation where bird song is measured by a computer. Computer models allow you to calculate the speed required to locate the front-facing 4 kHz audio at an angle of 20 degrees. If localization were to be done using a computer, it would have to use a clock rate of 36 kHz. However, the computer model only processes a sinusoidal wave and can only recognize the sound coming from the front.

If the frequency of the audible audio is 20 kHz, the clock frequency should be 240 kHz.

Based on this, we can conclude that our brains have a considerable capacity to differentiate between different sounds and their temporal relationships. It is as if we hear much higher frequencies than our ears alone can hear.

The capacitance, inductance and resistance mentioned above cause similar changes in the signal information content as the jitter mentioned above. Through our close hearing, we can sense the changes they are making to their original sound.

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The following are examples of methods for solving electrical signal transmission problems.

Resistance 20

A commonly used method to reduce resistance has been to increase the cross-section of the conductor. Thus, it can reduce the effect of resistance. Adding a cross section can also reduce the electrons being stuck to the outer surface of the conductor, which happens especially at higher frequencies. (Skin-Effect).

One solution based on cross-sectional growth is disclosed in International Patent Application WO 0077795. In this solution, the return conductor is made larger in size than the signal conductor.

EP 0306067 B1 discloses a kind of carbon fiber conductor which does not produce a skin effect as a solution to overcome the skin effect.

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Differences in cable travel time

The properties of a cable used for audio frequency can also be examined by the reactive components it contains. The capacitance and the inductance values of the audio cable are determined by the structure and materials of the conductor. Resistance, conductance and inductance determine the phase coefficient of the transmission line. At low frequencies, the phase factor is mainly dependent on the resistance and capacitance, provided that the inductance is of low value. The phase factor determines the so-called. the phase velocity. The phase rate is frequency dependent. As a result, the various components of the transmitted signal propagate along the transmission line at different speeds, causing the signal quality to deteriorate when the ear is heard.

Induction modified refraction

One possibility of changing the frequency behavior of a conductor at audio frequencies is to seek to utilize cable self-induction, in one way or another, to significantly increase the inductance of the cable. U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,233 discloses a coaxial cable whose inductance is increased by placing magnetic material on top of the conductor dielectric, whereby the inductance of the cable increases to such an extent that the phase rate of the signal is mainly determined by the cable inductance and capacitance 20 also at audio frequencies.

By doing so, the phase rate is almost constant and the signal to be transmitted is not distorted. Increasing inductance

In US 4,843,356, the inductance of a coaxial cable is increased by placing small magnetic particles in an insulator.

In the solution disclosed in US 5109140, an insulated ferromagnetic layer is placed around both conductors of an audio cable, which is intended to sum and isolate the magnetic fields generated in the conductors so that no magnetic field is generated outside the ferromagnetic layer and no external magnetic energy is generated. The solution is to minimize distortion from the magnetic field to the signal.

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Although increasing inductance by ferromagnetic materials is in some cases an advantage, it will in most cases increase the non-linearity of the transmission line.

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Pupinating The technology known as pupinating in telecommunications in the early 20th century is one example of the utility of induction. The invention was remarkable in that it made long distance telephony possible. In pupination, the inductance of the transmission line was increased by means of induction coils. By appropriately adding inductance to the transmission line, the capacitance between the transmission lines could be reduced, and the resulting crosstalk would be reduced.

Although inductance and capacitance are utilized in many different ways for utilization, the situation for electronic information transfer in a conductor would be more advantageous if their effect could be reduced.

The problems are caused by the phenomenon of reactance caused by inductance and capacitance in the conductor, which prevents changes in current or voltage. The phenomenon causes time errors on the original signal.

Thus, reducing the effect of reactance on the transmission line or transmission line would be necessary.

By the technique presented below, the reactance generated by both self-induction and capacitance can be substantially reduced. This also reduces the total amount of impedance or alternating current resistor 25 in the transmission line.

INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel type of conductor structure. The conductor can be used to reduce the proportion of AC resistance generated by capacitance or inductance in the transmission conductor. The conductor is simple in construction and inexpensive to fabricate.

The basic idea of the invention is as follows: The signal carrying conductor consists of a pair of conductors twisted around one winding core, where two insulated conductors form a single helical, bifilar transmission conductor.

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Wire connection

The actual transmission signal is applied to the coils 1, the return current to the coils 2 so that the current directions of the coils are opposite. To achieve an efficient structure, the conductors are tightly and symmetrically twisted against the core material. The most commonly used iodine material is copper, while the core material is any diamagnetic material. Diamagnetic core material can be used to attenuate any stray inductance. Ferro-para or diamagnetic metal can be used as the conductor material.

^ Action and Impact

Since the currents passing through the windings of the conductor of the invention are opposite and equal to each other, they generate an electromagnetic field of the same magnitude and opposite to each other. Because the fields are reversed and of equal value, they cancel each other out.

* ^ The result is that the inductance voltages of the conductors and the resulting capacitances remain zero at optimum.

There is a significant benefit to this; as the reactance of the transmission line also decreases, the total AC resistance decreases, resulting in better information transfer.

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An additional factor supporting better signal transmission is the uniform motion of electrons due to the helical winding structure of the invention. The independent motion of the two coils, opposite to one another, but the uniform motion of the individual electrons in each coil with the other electrons of that coil, results from their interaction with the electromagnetic field. By the structure of the invention, a large number of electrons are brought into the same state so that they can produce energy packets having the same eneigen (i.e., wavelength).

As a result of the structure of the conductor according to the invention, two advantageous phenomena occur in the field of electricity transmission; 1, the reactance fraction of the impedance 30 of the conductor is reduced, 2) the uniform movement of electrons in the conductor is advantageous for signal transmission.

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Advantages of the invention in practice

The audible advantage of the invention in audio use is the clarification of high-pitched sounds and the impact sounds throughout the audio range, as well as the reduction of the higher-frequency attenuated bass in the bass range.

The invention will now be described in detail. Reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1a shows a preferred embodiment of the invention in cross-section, Fig. Ib shows the same preferred embodiment of the invention implemented by different winding geometry.

Figure 2 shows the connection of a cable according to the invention to Cinch / RCA audio connectors. The basic idea of the invention is to reduce the AC resistance which is detrimental to the signal flow, i.e. the impedance of the transmission line. In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1a and Ib, this is accomplished by directing the actual transmission signal to the winding 1 and the return signal to the winding 2 so that the currents passing through the windings are in opposite directions. Fig. 1a is a cross-sectional view of a winding body 5 comprising an inner body 3 of diamagnetic material and an outer body 4 of diamagnetic material. The windings 1 and 2 are wound side by side so that the conductor turns of the windings form a regular alternating structure 1,2,1,2. , 1,2,1 20

Figure Ib is a front view of the winding body 5.

One embodiment of a cable according to the invention, which reduces the impedance of a transmission line according to the principal structure of Figure Ib, is as follows.

The winding core has a diameter of 7 mm. and is made of a diamagnetic material.

25 The coils 1 and 2 have a diameter of 1 mm. The outer body 4 has a wall thickness of 2 mm.

The cable produced in this way has a DC resistance of 0.3 ohm / meter. The finished cable has a diameter of 14 mm.

The direct current resistance of the cable can be reduced by increasing the cross-section of the coils, which can be done by using conductors of larger cross-section.

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Figure 2 shows the connection of the cable 5 according to the invention to the Cinch / RCA audio connectors. One end of the coil (1) is connected to the positive terminal of the connector 6, the other end to the positive terminal of the connector 7.

One end of the coil (2) is connected to the negative terminal of the connector 6, the other end to the negative terminal of the connector 7. The coils (1) and (2) are wound intermittently and side by side around the same coil body. The insulation 4 around the windings, as well as the winding body 3, is made of a material of diamagnetic nature.

Figure 2 also shows a principle model for all connections according to the invention.

The conductor structure according to the invention for improving the quality of the audio frequency transmission signal by reducing the AC resistance is characterized by what is disclosed in independent claim 1.

The objects of the invention are achieved by the conductor structure according to claim 2.

Claims (7)

1. A bifilar transmission line for use in an audio frequency, between a loudspeaker and an amplifier, or between an audio source and an amplifier, for improving audio signal quality in audio output systems in which the audio signal is transmitted by electron motion in a metal conductor, characterized in that arranged to pass in mutually insulated conductors (1,2) adjacent to each other, and in which rigidity the two conductors (1,2) wound about one another, wound around the same diamagnetic winding core (3), form a common transmission conductor in which the signal current and return current in their windings, in opposite directions to each other. A bipolar conductor structure according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises means (1,2, 3,4, 5) for reducing the reactance of the coupling, self-induction and capacitance in the transmission line at audio frequencies. A bifilar conductor structure according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises isolated windings (1,2) for reducing or eliminating reactance induced by the transmission line self-induction or capacitance at audio frequencies. Bipolar conductor structure according to Claim 3, characterized in that the first winding (1) is arranged to be connected to an input signal and the second winding (2) is arranged to be connected to a return signal. 25 Bipolar conductor structure according to Claim 4, characterized in that the core (3) of the conductors and the outer sheath (4) covering the conductors are of a diamagnetic material. Bipolar conductor structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the windings (1,2) are wound around the same winding core. Bipolar conductor structure according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that there is electrical insulation between the windings (1,2).