FI116249B - Method and apparatus for directing and amplifying a radio frequency radiation field from an antenna at a frequency range or at two different frequency ranges - Google Patents

Description

116249

A method and apparatus for directing and amplifying a radio frequency radiation field from an antenna in one or two different frequency ranges.

The invention relates to a method and a device for directing and amplifying a radio frequency radiation field, particularly in handsets, away from the user, using an antenna consisting of at least two plates, to which the panel elements are supplied with 10 AC current according to the frequency used by the transmitter generator.

As is already well known, radio frequencies in the 300-3000MHz range affect humans in many ways, for example, causing headaches. The radiation sources operating at these frequencies are, for example, mobile stations. The frequencies used in these are in the VHF / UHF range. The most obvious of these are NMT / GSM handsets, whose transmitting and receiving antenna equipment is often only a few centimeters away from the user's head.

20 The human power of a radiation field depends on the intensity of the antenna field, that is, the type of antenna of the device, the power supplied to it, and the frequency used. The dipole antennas commonly used in NMT and GSM900 / i800Mhz phones do not have directionality; Depending on the age of the phone, the maximum transmit power is about 2W. This transmitter power depends largely on the quality of the * * V. · coverage area where the phone is used. In good network conditions, the phone operates at a lower power level.

::: In use, the antenna equipment features of the phone are affected by radiation from the head and 30-sided by the hand. Head power is mainly absorbed into the internal tissues of the head with little heat. Head-to-head radiation can thus be considered both technically and physically unnecessary.

»» »: 35 Antennas with lower waveguide, ·,; 2 116249 are known in the literature as disc antennas having a directional orientation.

Their various forms are functionally well understood. In these applications, only a small plate has antenna characteristics with respect to the wavelength 5 used.

The major limitations of the antenna described above for use in a handset are its large size and narrow operating range, i.e. bandwidth. Further, in actual use, the hand holding the telephone 10 constitutes a barrier to radiation on the aperture radiator formed by the plates.

The frequencies to be used in the future will be increased as the "space" runs out and the phones will operate in 15 more frequency bands. Phone usage hours are still increasing. This will further emphasize the potential harmful effects of high frequency radiation on humans. However, for industrial use, antenna solutions 20 for efficiently directing and amplifying radiation in real-time use have not yet been disclosed for handsets.

The object of the invention is to provide, in an operating situation, a method and a device v: for directing and amplifying a radio frequency radiation field away from the user, which is as simple as possible, simple in construction and inexpensive in manufacturing costs.

This is solved in accordance with the invention and the method according to the invention-30 is characterized by the features presented in the characterizing part of claim 1.

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The device according to the invention is characterized by the features shown in the characterizing part of claims 2 and 3.

35 _ · '; Advantageous further developments of the invention are shown! ! independent claims.

I · 3 116249

The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1-3 are schematic top and sectional views of an embodiment 5 of the device of the invention.

Figures 4-5 show a schematic top and sectional view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.

Figures 6-7 show a schematic top and sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.

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Figure 8 is a schematic top plan view of one handset antenna apparatus according to the invention tuned to two separate frequency bands.

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Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view of the antenna apparatus of the handset of Figure 8.

Fig. 10 is a schematic top view of a v 25:25 handheld antenna # * apparatus of the invention operating in only one frequency band.

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Figure 11 shows a schematic sectional view of the antenna apparatus 30 of the handset 30 of Figure 10.

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The device of the invention, by means of which radio frequency radiation, for example from a portable telephone, away from the user ,,, · ', can be directed and significantly amplified, is shown with respect to its main electrical components in Figures 1-3.

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Fig. 1 is a schematic top plan view of an antenna apparatus operating in one or two separate frequency bands, in which two different frequency fields with cross polarization 5 can be generated simultaneously or separately, reference numerals 1 and 2 denoting elements of a two-plate antenna. The independently radiating antenna element connected to the edge of the plate 2 according to the invention is denoted by the reference numeral 3. The reference numeral 4 denotes the dielectric medium between the plates. Reference numerals 10 and 5.1 denote the connection point on each of the antenna elements 1.2, from which the antenna elements 1,2 are connected to the telephone transmitters and receivers 6.1 and 6.2 (not shown). The lengths of the antenna plate portion 1.2 to be fitted to the operating frequency are denoted by 7 and 8.

15 Number 9 describes 1,2 galvanically short-circuiting plates. The arrow marked with the letter E describes the electric field generated at the periphery of the plates.

The plates 1,2 are supplied with an alternating current according to the frequency used by the transmitter generator 20 at the base point 5. The power emitted by the antenna 1,2 depends on the width and length of the plates 1,2 and the dielectric medium between the plates 1 and 2. When both plates 1,2 are of equal length, the antenna l: · practically radiates around itself. The length of the plates depends on the% wavelength of the frequency 25 used in the medium V1: between the plates 1,2. The AC supplied to the plates 1,2 is distributed as follows: for example, in% wavelength plates from base 5 evenly to both antenna elements l and 2.

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.'r. 1.2 of the power supplied is lost to the insulating material, but eventually 30 parts of this power radiate to the surrounding space of the antenna. Radiation. . the antenna is formed by an electric field E formed between the edges of the plates 1,2, which is formed by a reciprocating radio wave between the plates. The current maximum is located in the middle of the plates # I *, which may also have a plate-shorting joint 35. The antenna may thus be called a gap beam.

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, The polarization of the radiation from the plates 1,2 depends; I about the location of the base point 5 on the plane formed by the plates. If the 5 116249 base point 5 is located in the middle of the plates 1.2, the polarization is linear.

In Fig. 1, the operating and radiation characteristics of the antenna 1,2 are improved in accordance with the invention by utilizing alternating current supplied to the plate 2 by additional independent radiators 3.

The element 3 is connected to the radiating peripheral area E of the plate 2, and the radiation field formed by it is intended to be parallel to the polarization of the field formed by the plates 1,2. In practice, the antenna assembly 10 is a unit that simultaneously transmits and receives electric and magnetic fields. Viewed from the side of the plate 2, the antenna 1,2,3 is not physically at the tunable frequency. The current induced therein is reflected back from the elements 2,3, depending on the length of the element 2 with respect to the wavelength used. The shorter the element 2, the more power the antenna 1,2,3 receives from the plate 2 side. On the plate 1 side, in Figure 1, the functional parts of the antenna are the radiating openings 20 formed by the plates 1,2 in the peripheral region E, and the elements 3. These elements 1,2,3 form the main radiation beam of the antenna. The elements 3 have a magnetic flux in the same direction as the plate 1. The field strength of the elements 1,2 and 3 is> directly proportional to the length of the plates 1,2 in relation to the wavelength used. With the plates being very short, the tY antenna 1,2,3 no longer has directionality or a gain greater than the ^ wave: dipole. In other words, the Y: gain of the antenna 1,2,3 in the direction of the main radiation beam depends on the dielectric value of the plates 1,2 · medium 4. With an air insulated antenna 30 1,2,3, the directionality and gain is best.

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The element 3 may be either a narrow plate-like part or it may consist of one or more thin wires or a normal mode coil of radiation Y. The most preferred form 35 of the antenna element 3 can be considered to be a linear wire,. a quarter of the resonance wavelength used; | antenna element 3. Any electrically conductive material, as well as structural combinations of conductors and insulators, may be used as the material of the elements 3.

Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the antenna apparatus of Figure 15 illustrating functional parts of the antenna apparatus tuned to the transmission generator 6.1. Plates are fed to the base point 5.1. Wire-like elements 3 are connected to the radiating peripheral area E of the plate 2. The plates 1,2 are shorter than% wavelength relative to the wavelength transmitted from the transmitter 6.1 in the dielectric medium 4. The plates are adapted to the frequency used by plate-like, radiating edge region E, sections 7.8 connected to plates 1.2. Parts 7.8 compensate for the inductive reactance in the plates 1.2. According to the invention, the practical capacitor formed by the plates 15 has a better efficiency than the capacitance placed on a point. The electric field generated by the plate parts 7.8 and the plates 1.2 in the peripheral area E can thus be best utilized for antenna purposes. With sufficient compensation, the boards 20 can be resized with good efficiency to less than half the resistive length of the% board waves. The plate-like parts 7.8 also improve the directionality and bandwidth of the antenna 1,2,3. The antenna of Fig. 2 is symmetrical in structure, so the plates 1,2: can also be short-circuited in the middle by a piece 9. The short-circuiting has no effect on the antenna's operation.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the antenna apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating functional parts of the antenna apparatus tuned to the transmitter generator 6.2.

The plates 1,2 are fed to the base point 5.2 and are insulated with medium 4. The two radiating edges E1 of the plate 2 are ;; attached additional elements 3. The purpose of the antenna is to form '·' transverse polarization with respect to the antenna portions of Figure 2.

: * The antenna 1,2,3 has a symmetrical construction, so that the panels can be 35 short-circuited in the middle by a piece 9.

I · 7 116249

Figure 4 is a schematic top plan view of an antenna apparatus operating in two separate frequency bands. The principle of operation of the antenna apparatus is as shown in Figure 1. Plates 1,2 have resonance lengths from feed points 5.1 and 5.2.

5 Elements 3 are connected to the radiating edges E of the board.

In antenna 1,2,3, two fields of different frequencies can be generated simultaneously or separately by cross-polarization.

Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of the antenna apparatus 10 of Figure 4 illustrating antenna sections tuned to transmitter generators 6.1 and 6.2 (not shown).

Fig. 6 is a schematic top plan view of an antenna consisting of two plates 1,2 and a shorting piece 9 having a linear electromagnetically resonating antenna element 3 connected to the radiating edge region E of the plate 2 to form and amplify the directional radiation field. The figure shows an antenna according to the invention, the plates of which 1,2 are electrically short-circuited by a piece 9 of their so-called. voltage-20 from zero. In this case, the antenna formed by the plates 1,2 is half the length of the corresponding size and medium 4, for example in Figure 4. The plates 1,2 are fed from the transmitter generator 6 to the base point 5.

»» · * 4 · V. · 25 Figure 7 shows a schematic 4 «::! sectional view.

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Figure 8 is a schematic top view of a batch of> »/; ·. a handset antenna apparatus according to the invention which can operate in two separate frequency bands. Plates 1,2 are. (. F connected from base point 5.1 and 5.2 to transmitter generators 6.1 M and 6.2 (not shown) and fitted to plate parts 7.8 at · · * * frequency. Plates are insulated with dielectric: * medium 4. The radiating edge of plate 2 The region E has · / ": 35 connected normal mode coil 3 and a narrow plate>>>. 3 resonant to the transmitter generator 6.1 *»; * AC. The antenna can be fitted with a resonant element 3 according to transmitter 6.2 8 116249 (not shown) ) An antenna system 1,2,3 can generate two fields of different frequencies simultaneously or separately by cross polarization.

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Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view showing the antenna apparatus of the handset of Figure 10 tuned to transmitter generators 6.1 and 6.2 (not shown). The figure shows that the mobile user is the minimum of the antenna beam in the direction of the arrow 10 USER, accordingly. The operating principle of the antenna is as described above.

Figure 10 is a schematic top plan view of one handset antenna apparatus according to the invention which can operate in only one frequency range. The plates 1,2 are insulated with a dielectric medium 4 and galvanically short-circuited by a piece 9. The plates 1,2 are supplied with an alternating current from the transmitter generator 6 (not shown) to the base point 5. An element 3 is connected to the radiating peripheral area E of the plate 2.

The antenna element 3 is formed by a normal mode coil of radiation.

Figure 11 is a schematic cross-section of Figure 10 • handset antenna tuned to apparatus lähetingene- * 25 vider 6. As shown, the telephone user is the minimum of the antenna beam in the direction of the arrow users.

The invention can be used in any handset whose external size design allows the invention. , antenna hardware. The invention provides a large number of variations in structure and size that allow the device according to the invention to be flexible in industrial use. Furthermore, it is self-evident to those skilled in the art the numerous possibilities of utilizing the invention in all areas of antenna technology based on dual-plate technology.

Claims (5)

A method for directing or amplifying a radio frequency radiation field from an antenna using a planar antenna (1,2) consisting of at least two overlapping 5 elements (1,2), a planar antenna such as a plate (1) and a ground plane (2), characterized in that one of the elements of the planar antenna (1,2) being arranged to be galvanically connected to the antenna element (3). Apparatus for directing or amplifying a radio frequency field using an antenna (1.2) consisting of at least two overlapping antenna elements (1,2), a planar antenna such as a plate (1) and a ground plane (2), in which the elements (1,2) are used. spaced apart and to which elements (1,2) are supplied with alternating current from the transmitter generator (6), characterized in that at least one of the elements of the planar antenna (1.2) is galvanically connected to the antenna element (3). 3. Device for directing or amplifying a radio frequency radiation field from an antenna, in particular for handsets, using at least two overlapping antenna elements (1,2), a planar antenna such as a plate (1), a ground plane (2) and at least one of said elements (1,2) galvanically a planar antenna (1,2) consisting of a short-circuiting coupling '·· ·' (9), with elements (1,2) spaced between »V · V25 and to which elements (1,2) are fed by a transmitter from a generator (6) alternating current, characterized in that at least one of the elements of the planar antenna (1,2) is galvanically connected to the antenna element (3). Device according to claims 2-3, characterized in that the antenna element (3) comprises at least one linear alternating current conducting part. Device according to Claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the antenna element (3) comprises a helical, normal radiation mode, a mode AC-conducting part. • i 10 1 1 6249