FI106799B - Soluble magnesium dihalide complex, its preparation and use - Google Patents

Description

106799

Soluble magnesium dihalide complex, its preparation and use

The invention relates to a soluble complex comprising a magnesium dihalide and an electron donor. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of such a complex and the use of such a complex for the preparation of a polymerization catalyst component containing magnesium, transition metal, halogen and electron donor.

According to the Römpps Chemie-Lexikon Handbook, 7th Edition, Franckh'she Verlagshandlung, W. 10 Keller & Co., Stuttgart, 1973, vol. 3, p. 1831, the complex is "a derivative name for higher order compounds consisting of combinations of molecules. in contrast to 1st order compounds in which atoms are involved. '

Generally, so-called Ziegler-Natta catalyst components have been prepared by reacting a magnesium dihalide-alcohol complex compound or a magnesium alkoxide-non-complex compound with a titanium halide and an electron donor, usually a phthalic acid ester. It is essential for the activity of the catalyst component that the magnesium dihalide is amorphous. The amorphous magnesium dihalide is then formed in situ.

20

When the titanium halide is reacted with a magnesium dihalide-alcohol complex or with a magnesium alkoxide-non-complex compound, the titanium halide: ': is formed as a harmful waste product titanium alkoxytrihalide. The disadvantage of both reactions is that the titanium halide is not available for other purposes, such as chlorinating the magnesium reagent and washing off the deleterious titanium alkoxytrihalide, other than to provide catalytically active sites directly.

• · • · • · ««

In the production of an amorphous magnesium dihalide such as MgCl 2, highly polar ligand groups (Li) are required to break strongly electrostatic crystal bonds between the MgCl 2 molecules according to reaction (1): • * ·

IM

'xMgCl2 + xLi = x (Cl2Mg - Li) (1) • ·

»* I

In practice, polar solvents are required to carry out the reaction (1). In many ways /. 35, these polar solvents react with other moieties of the catalyst component *; with the need to replace them with less polar solvents (L2). However, many of the less polar solvents mentioned are unable to react and rearrange with MgCl2 due to the strong mutual forces between the molecules of the MgCl2 structure to give (2): xMgCl2 + xL2 = no reaction (2) 5

Typical examples of solvents capable of forming complexes with MgCl 2 are alcohol and water. However, these compounds have reactive hydrogen in the hydroxyl group of their molecule which readily reacts with other compounds such as titanium halides. Examples of less reactive solvents are organic esters. They are less susceptible to react with other components, but at the same time they are not capable of breaking highly coordinated MgCl2 molecules. Based on the teachings in the art, it seems impossible to obtain amorphous MgCl 2 without adverse side reactions.

It is therefore an object of the invention to produce in situ amorphous magnesium dihalide without wasting titanium halide or producing harmful waste products. It is also an object of the invention to provide a stoichiometric route for the preparation of Ziegler-Natta catalyst components and their intermediates. New catalyst components can be produced from the stoichiometric pathway to produce customized olefin polymers.

The object of the invention has been achieved by a complex comprising a magnesium dihalide and an electron donor, characterized in that it is a complex of a magnesium dihalide and a :: electron donor having the formula (I): 25.

MgX2. [R (OR ') n] m (I) wherein MgX2 is a magnesium dihalide and R (OR') n is an electron donor, X is a halogen, R is an n-valence aliphatic C , an n-valence araliphatic C7.27 group ..... 30 or an n-valence C2.22 acyl group, R 'is a C 1-20 alkyl group or a C7.27 aralkyl group, · · · n is a number from 1 to 6 and m is defined as 0.5 <! - m </ = 2.0. "N-valence acyl group" means a group having n acyl moieties.

• · • · · «« • t · ·

Formula (I) is an empirical or semi-empirical formula, i.e., m denotes an electron donor. '. 35 for R (OR ') and magnesium dihalide MgX 2. The structural formula may include '! a plurality of MgX2 molecules and a plurality of identical or different R (OR ') n molecules as in complex (MgX'2) a. [R (OR') n] b where b: a = m. See e.g. 106799 va (III) below. The complex of the invention may be statistical, being a complex mixture of average formula (I), or specific, wherein substantially all of its molecules have the same formula (I).

In the magnesium dihalide molecule component of the complex, MgX 2 X is preferably selected from Cl, Br and I, and is preferably Cl. The most preferred complex according to the invention is thus a magnesium dichloride complex.

In the electron donor molecule component of the complex, R (OR ') n R is preferably an N-10 valence C2.22 acyl group, more preferably an n-valence aromatic C7.22 acyl group, most preferably phthaloyl. R 'is preferably C 6 -C 6 alkyl, most preferably C 6 -C 12 alkyl such as undecyl or 2-ethyl-1-hexyl. This means that preferably the phthalate should be an ester of phthalic acid and the longer chain alcohol, preferably n is from about 1 to about 4, preferably about 2.0, i.e. the phthalic acid diester is preferred (phthalic acid is dibasic). "Acyl group" is a generic term for organic acid groups which, after removal of a hydroxyl group, form the remainder of the carboxylic acids.

Thus, the most preferred complex is the complex of one of the most potent magnesium compounds and one of the most potent internal electron donors in the field of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, namely magnesium dichloride and phthalic acid ester.

In the total complex of the invention, m represents the ratio of the electron donating moiety: R (OR ') to the magnesium dihalide molecular moiety MgX2.15, preferably m is about 0.67 to about 1.0, most preferably about 0, 67 or about i * 1.0. See formulas (Π) and (ΙΠ) below.

• ♦ • ♦ • · ·

The complex of the invention is preferably a magnesium dichloride-phthalic acid ester complex of the formula MgCl 2 [C6H4 (COOR ') 2] in which R' is as above and 30m is 0.5-2.0, most preferably 0.6- 1.8.

According to one embodiment of the complex according to the invention, the complex is preferably a magnesium dichloride-phthalic acid ester complex having the formula (II): /.f.35 MgCl2.C6H4 (COOR '). 2 (Π) where R 'is the same as above.

4, 106799

According to another embodiment of the complex of the invention, the complex is preferably a magnesium dichloride-phthalic acid ester complex having the structural formula (III): (MgCl 2) 3. [C 6 H 4 (COOR ') 2] 2 (ΙΠ) wherein R' is as above.

Typically, the X-ray diffraction pattern of the complex of the invention (as measured by a Siemens D500 equipped with a Cu anode and a graphite monochromator in 10 reflected beams using 40 kV and 35 mA and a CuKa emission wavelength of 1.541 Å) exhibits a dominant peak at 2 °.

The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a complex comprising a magnesium dihalide and an electron donor.

15

The process according to the invention is characterized in that the magnesium compound (a) containing an alkoxy group selected from the group consisting of a complex of magnesium dihalide and magnesium dialkoxide, a complex of magnesium dihalide and alcohol and a non-complexed magnesium dialkoxide, is reacted with which is capable of forming an electron donor by replacing its halogen with said alkoxy group.

According to the most important aspect of the invention, the process is part of a novel stoichiometric manufacturing process for the preparation of novel catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins.

····

The halogen compound (b) is capable of forming an electron donor by replacing its halogenation with said alkoxy group. This not only means that the halogen compound is an electron donor conducting reagent, but also that it is a structural precursor of said electron donor. Compare, for example, an alkyl halide with a corresponding dialkyl ether or an organic acid ester with an organic acid.

· · ·: The halogen compound (b) is preferably represented by the formula (IV): wherein R is an n-valence aliphatic C1-20 group, an n-valence araliphatic C7.27 group, or n in the formula R is preferably an n-valent C2-24 acyl group, more preferably an n-valent aromatic C7.24 acyl group, most preferably phthaloyl. X is preferably selected from Cl, Br and 5 L and is preferably Cl. n is preferably 1-4, most preferably about 2.

According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, said halogen compound (b) is an organic acid halide, preferably phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2, where Ph is o-phenylene. Given that in the complex 10 of the invention, the most preferred internal electron donating molecule is a phthalic acid ester, the complexed ester molecule is simply formed by replacing the chlorines of the phthalic acid dichloride with alkoxy groups.

According to a first alternative embodiment of the process of the invention, said alkoxy-containing magnesium compound (a) is a magnesium dichloride-magnesium dialkoxide complex of formula (V):

MgCl 2. [Mg (OR ') 2] p (V) 1 wherein R' is a C 1-20 alkyl group or a C 7 27 aralkyl group, preferably a C 6-16 alkyl group, and p is 1 to 6, preferably about 2. Formula (V) is empirical or semi-empirical, which means that complex molecular groups of the complex may consist of several MgCl 2 - 'molecules and multiple Mg (OR') 2 -

I

: ··· (MgCl 2) c. [Mg (OR ') 2] d, where d: c = p. In the process of the invention, said' / I '· 25 magnesium dichloride-magnesium dialkoxide complex is reacted with the aforementioned halogen compound, b) one or more halogens are replaced by one or more alkoxides of the complex to form an electron donor to form a complex of magnesium dichloride and electron donor.

... 30 • · · * * * ·

Preferably, said magnesium dihalide and magnesium dialkoxide complex is a magnesium dichloride-dimagnesium dialkoxide complex having the structural formula (VI): MgCl 2. [Mg (OR ') 2] 2 (VI) /: 35 *; wherein R 'is a C 1-10 alkyl group or a C 7-27 aralkyl group, preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group.

6 106799

Said magnesium diMoride-magnesium dialkoxide complex is preferably prepared by reacting magnesium dichloride and alcohol with an intermediate magnesium dichloride-alcohol complex MgCl 2. MgR '2 where R' is a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. If R "is a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a by-product of the volatile alkane R" H is formed which can be easily evaporated. In the synthesis, the molar ratio MgCl 2: ROH is preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 8, most preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 5. The molar ratio MgCl 2 (R 1 OH) 2p: MgR 2 is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 4, most preferably about 1: 2.

10

Said magnesium compound (a), which is said magnesium dichloride-dime magnesium alkoxide complex MgCl 2. [Mg (OR ') 2] 2, wherein R' is as above, is preferably reacted with said halogen compound (b), said phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2 where Ph is o-phenylene. Typically the product is 15 (MgCl 2) 3. [Ph (COOR ')] 2. See formula (ΙΠ) above.

In a first alternative embodiment of the process of the invention, said magnesium compound (a) and said halogen compound (b) are reacted in substantially stoichiometric amounts and independently at a temperature of 80-160 ° C. The Re-20 reaction time is preferably from about 2 to about 8 hours.

Most preferably, the magnesium dihalide and the alcohol, which is a heavier alcohol, are first reacted at 120-160 ° C, then the product is reacted with magnesium alkoxide at 80-120 ° C, followed by the reaction :. ·: With 25 halogen compounds at the lower temperature range mentioned.

«4« · · ·: '* ·· A typical example of said first of the method of the invention: * · *; an alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 1.

According to another alternative embodiment of the process according to the invention, said alkoxy-containing magnesium compound (a) is a non-complexed magnesium alkoxide of formula (VII): O Mg (OR ') ) 2 (VII). * · 35 «44 <*! wherein R 'is a C1-20 alkyl group or a C7.27 aralkyl group, preferably a C6-16 alkyl group.

7 106799

Said non-complexed magnesium dialkoxide is preferably prepared by reacting magnesium dialkyl, preferably magnesium dialkyl of the formula MgR "2 where R" is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an alcohol, preferably an alcohol of the formula ROH wherein R 'is as above . The ratio of magnesium dialkyl to alcohol is preferably about 1: 2.

In another alternative embodiment of the process of the invention, said magnesium compound (a) is said non-complexed magnesium dialkoxide of the formula Mg (OR ') 2 wherein R' is C 1-20 alkyl or C 7-27 aralkyl, preferably C 6-16-10. alkyl is preferably reacted with said halogen compound (b), said phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2, wherein Ph is o-phenylene. Typically, said magnesium compound (a) and said halogen compound (b) are reacted in substantially stoichiometric amounts. The product formed is preferably MgCl 2 .C 6 H 4 (COOR ') 2. See formula Π above.

15

A typical example of said second alternative embodiment of the method of the invention is shown in Figure 2.

According to a third alternative embodiment of the process according to the invention, said alkoxy-containing magnesium compound (a) is a magnesium dihalide-alcohol complex of formula (VIII):

MgCl2. (R'OH) q (VEI):: ': where R' is a C1-20 alkyl group or a C7-27 aralkyl group, preferably a C6-16 alkyl group, i and q is 1 to 6. Alkoxy group is an alcoholic ROHRO group. This complex is often used as the starting material for Ziegler-Natta catalyst components. However, the road [·: ·. It is believed that it would have been used as the starting material for the magnesium dihalide electron donor complex by reacting with a halogen containing electron donor precursor ... 30 as described above.

The complex of magnesium dihalide and alcohol is usually prepared by: reacting magnesium dichloride with MgCl 2 and an alcohol ROH wherein R 'is the same as above; la.

8 106799

In another alternative embodiment, said magnesium compound (a), which is said complex of magnesium dihalide and an alcohol of the formula MgCl 2. (R'OH) q wherein R 'is C 1-2 alkyl or C 7-27 aralkyl, preferably C 6-10 alkyl. alkyl, and q is 1 to 6, is preferably reacted with said halogen compound (b), said phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2, wherein Ph is o-phenylene. An example of this third alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 3.

The product of the invention and the process for its preparation have been described above. Since the natural application of the complex of the invention is in the field of olefin-poly-polymerization catalyst synthesis, the invention also relates to the use of said complex in that field. Thus, the invention relates to the use of said complex for the preparation of a polymerization catalyst component containing magnesium and at least one transition metal, halogen and electron donor. More specifically, the use is characterized in that said complex is reacted with titanium halide (c) to obtain said catalyst component.

Preferably, said titanium halide (c) has the formula (IX): wherein R '' is a C 1-10 alkyl group or a C 7-16 aralkyl group, X is halogen and p is 0-3. .

Most preferably, said titanium halide (c) is titanium tetrahalide T1X4, wherein X is:. i as above, most preferably titanium tetrachloride T1Cl4.

\ i!: 25 *: · Experimental «« ·

Preparation of the Complexes 30 All chemicals were treated under completely twisted conditions and all reactions were also carried out under completely twisted conditions in nitrogen gas.

Example 1 (First Alternative Embodiment) * · · · /. First, 1.068 g (11.2 mmol) of MgCl 2 was charged into a 50 mL glass reaction vessel with then 9.60 mL (8.0 g, 46.2 mmol) of 1-undecanol was adjusted. The slurry was stirred with a magnetic rod and the solution was heated to 130 ° C, where 9 106799 reactants were allowed to react with each other for 3 hours. The slurry was cooled to 100 ° C and 9.6 ml (8.3 g, 90 mmol) of toluene was added to the reaction solution to improve its dissolution properties. 25.40 ml (18.52 g, 22.3 mmol, R '- Mg) 20% solution of butyl octylmagnesium in heptane was then added. Finally, 3.24 ml (4.565 g, 22.5 mmol) of phthaloyl-5 chloride were added. The resulting product was dried in a stream of nitrogen for several hours at 90-120 ° C.

Example 2 (Second Alternative Embodiment) 123.2 mmol of butyl octylmagnesium was measured in a 1050 mL glass reaction vessel.

A 20% solution of butyloctylmagnesium in heptane containing 2.92% by weight of Mg was used, giving a reactor feed volume of 139.4 ml (102.5 g). Then, 244.6 mmol (38.2 mL, 31.85 g) of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was slowly added at room temperature. The alcohol addition took 23 minutes, at which time the mixing speed was 242 rpm. The temperature was raised to 63 ° C, at which temperature the reactants were allowed to react with each other for 15 minutes. Subsequently, 122.74 mmol (17.69 mL, 24.92 g) of phthaloyl chloride was slowly added at room temperature. The temperature was raised to 50 ° C for 10 minutes, at which temperature the reactants were allowed to react again for 5 minutes. The reaction solution was then allowed to cool to room temperature.

28.8 g of the resulting solution were transferred to a 100 mL glass reaction vessel to remove the solvent for evaporation. The sample was dried under vacuum in a stream of nitrogen gas at 50 ° C for 3 hours. 12 ml of condensed solvent (heptane) remained in the vacuum trap.

25

The product was washed with 60 ml of pentane at 45 ° C for 45 minutes, after which the product was allowed to settle for 45 minutes and the solid product was separated from the solution. The product was washed once more with 44 ml of pentane and finally dried under vacuum in a stream of nitrogen at 50 ° C for 1 hour.

... 30 • · * «· ·

EXAMPLE 3 (Third Alternative Embodiment) 11 I · · · 22.5972 mmol (2.152 g) of MgCl 2 was charged to a 100 mL glass reaction vessel and 45.193 mmol (7.101 mL, 5.915 g) of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was added. Finally, the mixture li -. *. 22.5972 mmol (3.256 mL, 4.588 g) of phthaloyl dichloride were adjusted and stirred at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. The solid complex was recovered from the vessel by evaporation and washed

•> i 'I

three times with 100 ml portions of heptane at 90 ° C for 15 minutes and then with 100 ml portions of 10677 ml ml of pentane at room temperature, after which the product was finally dried. This product was reacted with TiCl ^ to form a catalytically active complex.

5 Comparative example

A fourth sample was prepared by measuring 20 mmol MgCl 2 (1.90422 g) in a 150 mL glass reaction vessel equipped with a magnetic stirrer. To MgCl 2 was added 20 mmol of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (8.0 mL, 7.81 g) (DOP). The reactants were reacted with one another overnight. The product was washed with pentane and dried in the same manner as described above.

Characterization of Products by X-ray Diffractometry and Infrared Spectroscopy 15

The products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and formed by their X-ray diffraction patterns. WAXS patterns were collected on a Siemens D500 with a reflection format from 2 to 70 ° 2Θ. This diffractometer was stolen with a Cu anode and a graphite monochromator in the reflected beam. The power used was 40 kV and 35 mA. The CuKa radiation wavelength was 1.541 Å. The sample was loaded into a sample holder covered with Mylar film in a nitrogen cabinet. The Mylar film forms a semi-cylindrical window, allowing the X-rays to run perpendicular to it.

Di-undecyl phthalate (DUP) was used as an electron donor control in IR experiments. Preliminary, 25-character products 1 and 2 were tested together with the DUP standard. The products of Example 1 were analyzed twice: immediately and once after standing overnight.

«M I I I

• · 4 IR spectra were taken on a Nicolet 510 FTIR with a resolution of 2 cm -1. The number of sweeps was 128. All samples were examined as capillary films between two KBr pellets • · ♦. Pure DUP was not treated under inert conditions, but MgCl2 samples * were treated in a nitrogen cabinet in an inert nitrogen atmosphere to protect the samples from air and moisture. To obtain sufficiently thin capillary films, the samples were heated: ": some placement between KBr pellets.

I I <• * »t t« * X-ray characterization u 106799

The X-ray diff & action pattern of the MgCl2-DOP complex is shown in Figure 4. No traces of MgCl2 are seen in the figure. There is no sign of a peak at 50 ° 2Θ, where a significant peak of pure MgCl 2 occurs. This is also the case at 30 and 35 ° 2Θ. On the other hand, a new predominant peak is found at 4.5 ° 2 osoittaa, indicating that the reflective layers are far apart (21 Å).

Figure 5 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern for a product of a direct reaction between MgCl 2 and DOP 10. From the figure, there was no reaction between these components whereby, according to the X-ray pattern, pure MgCl2 with significant reflection signals at 15, 30, 35 and 50 ° 2Θ was present.

The results show that in the products of the first three synthesis pathways, the Dono-15 complex was molecularly complexed with MgCl2, thereby breaking the strong molecular structure of crystalline MgCl2, indicating its in situ production. The results also show that, according to a fourth, direct route of synthesis, the donor compound was unable to complex with MgCl 2, but contained only the original MgCl 2.

20

Results from infrared spectroscopy

«I

: «: Samples were prepared and examined by IR spectroscopy as above

«I

'/ ·; that section is described. Since MgCl2 does not have an absorbance spectrum in the IR range of 4,000 to 4,000 cm -1, the IR study focused on the structural changes observed in the complexation of DOP and DUP with Ψ MgCl2.

• »• v • ·«

Pure DOP and DUP absorb IR light due to stretch vibration of the C = O estercarbonyl double bond at 1729 cm @ -1. The corresponding ..... 30 stretching vibration of the C-O bond occurs at 1280 cm-1 and at 1100 cm-1 (see Figure 6).

When MgCl 2 was added at a 1: 1 molar ratio of DOP, clear changes in the DOP IR spectrum could be seen (Figure 6, Example 2). The absorption peak of pure DOP was still clearly detectable, indicating that some of the carbonyl groups have not yet been attached to .35. To the right of the original C = 0 absorption peak is a new shoulder, which *; indicates that some of the C = O groups are attached to Mg, thus loosening the double bond of the C = O group, thus beginning to resemble a more simple C-O bond.

12 106799

The relatively small displacement at the "shoulder peak" position indicates a weak interaction, i.e., poor association of MgCl 2 with C = O oxygen. Weak interaction is also indicated by signs of multiple secondary "shoulder" peaks.

As the amount of MgCl 2 in the complex was increased by 50% (Example 1), the relative proportion at the "shoulder" peak at 1690 cm * 1 increased. However, no signs of a strong connection are observed (Figure 6). Changes in the IR spectrum are even more evident in the sample stored overnight. At this point, the main peak of carbonyl oxygen had shifted from position 1 729 cm * 1 to pure DUP to position 719 cm * 1. The results also show that the attached carboxyl group affects the "free" carboxyl group because its peak position is shifted by 10 cm * 1.

The same results can be observed with the C-O bond absorption peak. The absorption peak of the C-O bond occurs with pure DUP at 1287 cm * 1. From the spectra of the MgCl2.DOP and (MgCl2) 1,5.DUP samples (Examples 2 and 1, respectively), it is observed that the corresponding "shoulder" peak is formed to the left of the original peak, indicating a weak double bond nature of the C-O bond. This shift is so strong that the original peak at 1287 cm * 1 can no longer be detected in the product stored overnight (Figure 6). These results indicate that Mg in MgCl2 is complexed between the C = O oxygen and C-O oxygen atoms in the MgCl2.DOP and MgCl2.DUP complexes.

In conclusion, in the IR spectrum of pure DUP, the peaks indicate non-attached carbonyl groups, in the MgCl2.DOP and MgCl2.DUP samples (Example 2), there is' '' attachment of MgCl2 to one carbonyl group while the other is free. and * · J '(MgCl2) 1> 5.DUP sample (Example 1) has partially incorporated MgCl2 into both carbonyl groups.

• · • ·

• M

Summary 30 In this study, a stoichiometric pathway was used to produce the MgCl2.C6H4 (COOR ') 2 complex. MgCl 2 and Mg alkyl were reacted with the alcohol to form the MgCl 2 - Mg alcoholate complex, Mg alcoholate and MgCl 2 alcohol complex i.i. These Mg alcoholates or the MgCl 2 alcohol complex were then contacted with phthaloyl chloride to obtain the MgCl 2 donor complex. This. : it was not possible to produce the type MgCl2 donor complex by direct contact between MgCl2 and the corresponding donor, which excludes the possibility that this complex could have been accidentally formed within the state of the art. The complex obtained by the synthesis pathway described in this study can be identified by its characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern with a predominant peak at 4.5 ° 2Θ. IR studies showed that Mg in MgCl 2 is attached to both the C = O oxygen and the C-O-5 oxygen ester group.

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·· * »» · »• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * * * • »

M> M

Claims (30)

Complex comprising magnesium dimenhalide and an electron donor, characterized in that it is a complex formed of magnesium dihalide and an electron donor having the formula (Γ): MgXr [R (OR ') n] ra (Γ) where MgX2 is magnesium dihalide and R (OR ') n is an electron donor, X is halogen, R is an aliphatic C1-20 group with valence n, an araliphatic C7..27 group but valence n or a C2.22 acyl group with valence n, R 'is a C1-20 alkyl group or a C7.27 aralkyl group, n is the number 1-6 and m is defined as a tai 0.5 </ = m </ = 2.0. Complex according to claim 1, characterized in that X is selected from Cl, Br and J, and is advantageously Cl. 15 Complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that R is a C2-22 acyl group with valence n, advantageously an aromatic C7-22 acyl group with valence n, most preferably a phthaloyl. Complex according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that R 'is a C6-C6 alkyl group, advantageously a C6-C2 alkyl group such as undecyl or 2-ethyl-1-hexyl. : '5. Complex according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that n is about 1 - about J,' 4, advantageously about 2.0. :: '25 • · ♦ 6. Complex according to some of the preceding claims, characterized in that m is about 0.67 - • · · ·: ·. about 1.0. • I «7 • · · * • · · Complex according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a ... magnesium dichloride-phthalic acid ester complex, whose formula is (Π): • · · • · · v: MgC12 € 6H4 (COOR) 2 (Π) « · «« «•« · / .35 where R 'is the same as above. 106799 Complex according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that it is a magnesium dichloride-phthalic acid ester complex, the formula of which is (HE): (MgCl2> [CÄCCOOR · ^ (ED) where R 'is the same as above). Complex according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the X-ray diagram of said complex Anns a dominant point at 4.5 ° 2Q. 10 Process for the preparation of a magnesium dihalide and an electron donor comprising complexes according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a magnesium compound (a) containing an alkoxy group is selected and selected from a group consisting of a complex of a magnesium dihalide and a magnesium dialoxide, a complex of a magnesium dihalide and an alcohol, and a non-complex magnesium dialoxide, reacting with a halogen compound (b) which destroys an electron donor by replacing its halogen with said alkoxy group. 11. A process according to claim 10, characterized in that said halogen compound (b) has the following formula (TV): RXn (IV) wherein R is an aliphatic C1-20 group having valence n, a C7.27 aralkyl group but valence n or a C2-24 acyl group having the valence n, X is a halogen and n is 1-6. 12. A process according to claim 11, characterized in that R is a C2-24 acyl group having the valence n, advantageously an aromatic C7.24 acyl group having the valence n, most preferably a phthaloyl. 30 13. A method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized by X being selected from Cl, Br and I. ·: \ And is advantageous Cl. Method according to Claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that n is 1 - 4, advantageously about 2. 15. A process according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that said halogen compound is a halide of an organic acid, advantageously phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2, where Ph is o-phenylene. A process according to any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that said magnesium dihalide and magnesium dialoxide complex is a magnesium dichloride-magnesium dialoxide complex having the formula (V): MgCarfMM ORH (V) where R 'is a C1-20 alkyl group or a C 7-27 aralkyl group, advantageously a C 6-10 alkyl group, and p is 1-6, advantageously about 2. 17. A process according to claim 16, characterized in that said magnesium dihalide and magnesium dialoxide complex is a magnesium dichloride dimagnium dialoxide complex having the formula (VI): MgCl 2 · [Mg (OR ') 2] 2 (VI) where R' is a C1-20 alkyl group or a C7.27 aralkyl group, advantageously a C <5.16 alkyl group. 18. A process according to claim 16, characterized in that said magnesium dichloride. , magnesium dialoxide complexes are prepared by reacting the magnesium dichloride 4 I:, with an alcohol to an intermediate which is the magnesium dichloride-alcohol complex «I 'MgCl2 · (ROH) 2p, where R' is the same as used, after which the magnesium dichloride::, alcohol complex is reacted with p mol magnesium dialkyl MgR "2, where R" is a hydrocarbon group ... T with 1-20 carbon atoms. • · • · • »I 19. A process according to claim 18, characterized in that independently of the molar ratio MgCl2: R'OH is 1: 1 - 1: 8, advantageously 1: 2 - 1: 5, the molar ratio MgCl2 · (ROH 1 - 1: 4, advantageously about 1: 2, the temperature is 80 - 160 ° C and the reaction time about 2 - about 8 hours 20. The method according to claims 15 and 17, characterized in that the liter is mentioned: Magnesium compound (a) which is said magnesium dichloride-dimagnesium dialoxide-complex MgCl2 · [Mg (OR ') 2] 2, where R' is a C6-C6 alkyl group reacting with said. Halogen compound (b), which is said phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2, where Ph is o-phenylene. 21. A process according to any one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the formula for said non-complex magnesium dialoxide is (VIE): Mg (OR ') 2 (VEI) where R' is a C1-20 alkyl group or a C7. 27-aralkyl group, advantageously a C 1-6 alkyl group. 22. A process according to claim 21, characterized in that said non-complex magnesium dialoxide is prepared by adding a magnesium dialkyl, advantageously magnesium dialkyl of the formula MgR "2, where R" is a hydrocarbon radical having 1-20 carbon atoms, reacting with an alcohol, advantageously an alcohol of the formula ROH where R 1 is the same as above. Process according to claims 15 and 21, characterized in that said magnesium compound (a), which is said non-complex magnesium dialoxide of the formula Mg (OR ') 2, wherein R is a C1-20 alkyl or a C7. 27-aralkyl, advantageously a Cö -ö alkyl alkyl, react with said halogen compound (b), which is said phthalic acid dichloride Ph (COCl) 2, where Ph is o-phenylene. Process according to any one of claims 10-15, characterized in that said magnesium dihalide and magnesium dialoxide complex is a magnesium dihalide and alcohol formed complex of the formula (VE): MgCl2 (R'OH) q (VE): where R 'is a C1-20 alkyl or a C7.27 aralkyl, advantageously a C6-16 alkyl, and q is 1 to 6. A process according to claim 25. 24, characterized in that said complex of: T: magnesium dihalide and alcohol is prepared by adding magnesium dichloride 3. MgCl 2 react with an alcohol ROH where R is the same as above. • «<• ·» • · ·. ·: ·. Process according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the reaction temperature is poured at 10-100 ° C and the reaction time is 10 - about 90 minutes. 27. A process according to claims 15 and 24, characterized in that said magnesium compound (a) is said magnesium dihalide and alcohol complex and whose formula is MgCl 2 · (R'OH) q, where R is a C1-20 alkyl or a C7.27 aralkyl, advantageously a C6-16 alkyl, and q is 1-6, reacting with said halogen compound (b), which is said phthalic acid dicloid Ph (COCl) 2 , where Ph is o-phenylene. 28. A process according to any one of claims 10 to 27, characterized in that said magnesium compound (a) and said halogen compound (b) react substantially stoichiometricly. Use of a complex prepared according to any one of claims 1-9 or any of claims 10-28 for the production of a polymerization catalyst component containing magnesium, a transition metal, halogen and electron donor. Use according to claim 29, characterized in that said complex for reacting with a titanium halide (c). Use according to claim 30, characterized in that said titanium halide (c) has the formula (EX): (ORM ") pTiX4.p (IX) where R" "is a C1-10 alkyl group or a C7-16 aralkyl group X is a halogen and p is 0 - 3, and it is advantageously a titanium tetrahalide T1X4, where X is the same as above, most advantageously titanium tetrachloride T1CI4. Complex according to any of claims 1-9. , characterized in that in its IR spectrum, the absorption peak for C = 0 ... Mg has been shifted 5-15 cm -1, advantageously to "10" to the right, and the spectrum also has three approaches. * · «• · · 1 • · • · • · · · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 · 1 «· 4« 4% «t« • 4 * «1« * 4