FI103931B - Transformer - Google Patents

Description

, 103931

Transformer

The present invention relates to a transformer comprising a primary having a coil structure and a core structure and a secondary having a coil structure and a core structure and wherein the transformer has a distributed primary.

The invention relates to transformers used in alternating current (AC) technology. The transformer is constituted by a structure having at least two coils with an average of 10 such inductances. The coils may or may not be galvanically or conductively connected to each other. The transformer coil into which energy is supplied is called a primary. The energy is taken from the secondary. Often, a ferromagnetic core is used to connect the magnetic flux produced by the current passing through the primary 15 to the secondary. The path of the magnetic force lines generated by the reel is always closing. The ferromagnetic heart provides the magnetic flux with a low-loss and natural path to return to the primary where it left off. At the same time, most of the magnetic flux produced by the 20 primary is circulating through the secondary and effective inductive coupling is achieved.

Transformers are used for a variety of purposes. Electric transformer can be used to transfer • power between circuits without a conductive or galvanic connection: \ Q5 between circuits. When transferring electricity from the circuit] ..! voltage to voltage and current can be converted from one to the other • · ·

*** choose one for example by converting a 220V supply to a 12V supply

• · · to the output voltage. The transformer can influence the voltage levels and currents of current · · · circuits, so it can also be used as an impedance adapter.

• · · v · A transformer having an I-shaped heart is known from the prior art, in which the primary and secondary are coiled over a common I-shaped heart. Also known from the prior art is a transformer having an E-shaped heart, wherein the primary •; * 35 and the secondary are wound on different branches of the common heart, which • · · 2 103931 has the advantage of lower capacitive coupling between the primary and secondary. The toroidal transformer has a 5-ring made of ferromagnetic material, onto which the primary and secondary are wound. The toroidal transformer achieves a good inductive coupling between the primary and secondary. divided into two parts, the structure being such that a core 10 is wound to act as a primary coil. Second, a part of the primary coil is used to load the energy by "taping" the primary coil. The disadvantage of the transformer structure is that the secondary voltage is always lower than the primary voltage .

Electrical power is also converted into heat in the transformer, and for this reason the efficiency of the transformer is always less than 100%. The electrical power in the transformer converts to heat due to the series resistances of the coils of the coils and the eddy currents of the transformer core. Difficult situations for transformer efficiency are those where high secondary voltages have to reach significantly lower secondary voltages or vice versa. In this case, the conversion ratios must be made either small or large. In these situations, the number of turns of the known transformer primary or secondary must be high. This again causes an increase in resistive losses: \ '25 in the transformer. Also for transformers with conversion ratios ···. are closer to one, it would be advantageous to get • • * '! where the number of turns of the windings can be minimized.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel type of transformer which avoids the problems associated with known solutions.

V · This object is achieved by a · · · transformer according to the invention, characterized in that the coil structure and the core structure of the distributed primary I are such that the primary comprises at least three to three primary units, each having a core, and «• · · 3 103931 two or more coils for each heart.

The transformer according to the invention is based on the idea that the primary is distributed around the secondary into a plurality of discrete primary units, each of which may have one or more coils. At least three primary units are required.

The transformer according to the invention achieves several advantages. The transformer according to the invention can be implemented with coils having a low number of turns. It is possible to achieve a high conversion ratio with relatively small number of turns of the primary and secondary coils. Thus, the resistive losses in the transformer will be small, as will the inductances of the primary and secondary coils. Preferred embodiments of the invention emphasize the advantages of the invention.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a top view of a transformer core, Fig. 2 is a side view of a transformer core, Fig. 3 is a top view *: Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the primary unit,: V: Figure 7 shows a secondary embodiment.

First of all, with reference primarily to Figures 1-3, it is noted that • · · ·, ···. Is a transformer for converting electrical energy into a primary element 1-6 having coils or coils. The coil structure 11-16, and the core structure 21-26, comprising the cores 21-26. In addition, the transformer A comprises a secondary 31, 30, wherein the coil structure 41 and at least one coil 41 comprises a core structure 51 and a core structure 51. The core structure also includes a base 101;. · Ϊ and a cover 102.

The first 1-6 comprises at least three primary units, for example 6 primary units 1-6, each having at least one • · 'Γ35 coil and core. At least three, for example 6 primary units, are provided in a circumference around the secondary 31, which is best seen in Figures 1 and 3.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transformer is such that said at least three primary units 1-6 are substantially the same distance from secondary 31. In a further preferred embodiment, the transformer is such that said at least three primary units are equally spaced on the circumference of the circle. preferred embodiments make the 10 transformers symmetrical in structure, which improves the operation of the transformer. The magnetic flux is then more effectively coupled from the primary to the secondary 31.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transformer is such that the cores 21-26, 51 of the primary coil structure 11-16 and the secondary coil structure 15 are ferromagnetic material, and that the primary and secondary coil cores 21-26 and 51 are ferromagnetic terminals 101 and 102 between the end pieces 101, 102. The end pieces 101, 102 in a way form the base of the transformer 101 and the cover 102. The coil structure 11-16 of the transformer is wound between the upright pins 21-26 between the cover 102 and the bottom 101. \ l around. The cores 21-26 of primers 1-6 are most preferably pin-like. Most preferably, the pin-shaped cores 21-26 are yhteydessä · • '• * • 25 at their upper and lower ends communicating with cover 102 and bottom 101 •. such that the magnetic flux has free passage through the connections.

• * This allows the magnetic flux to efficiently circulate between the primary · · · and the secondary. In a preferred embodiment, the cores 21-26 of the coils • · · ** * 11-16 are formed of separate pin-shaped pieces and are connected to the end pieces • 101 · 102, e.g. supported on the end pieces, because • · ·; the structure is the simplest in terms of manufacturing technology.

A preferred embodiment is also, for example, casting *. ···. a structure in which one or more pins are provided on the first • · 35 by being fixedly fixed on one end piece and • 103931 at one end of the pins resting on the other end piece. It is also possible to use a structure where some of the pins are the same casting with the base and some of the pins are with the same casting with the lid. Instead of casting 5, other methods can be used to provide a uniform structure. In a molded or otherwise uniform structure, the magnetic flux is efficiently transferred and is easy to fabricate.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more primary units 1-6 each may have multiple coils. In the example shown in the figures, each of the six primary units 1-6 of the primary unit coil structures 11-16 has a plurality of coils, i.e., as shown in Figure 4, 6 coils in each primary unit. In the first primary unit 1, the core 15 21 has a coil structure 11 comprising coils 111-116, in the second primary unit 2 the core 22 has a coil structure 12 comprising coils 121-126, in the third primary unit 3 the core 23 has a coil structure 13 comprising coils 131-136, in the fourth primary unit 4, the core 24 has a coil structure 20 14 comprising coils 141-146, in the fifth primary unit 5 the core 25 has a coil structure 15 comprising coils 151-156, in the sixth primary unit 6 the core 26 has a keel. comprises coils 161-166.

Figure 5 shows a first embodiment of the primary unit • · i'.25. Let the primary unit shown in Figure 5 be an example, ···. si The primary unit 1. The primary unit 1 comprises a coil structure • · 11, which thus comprises, for example, 6 coils 111-116. In addition, the primary unit 1 comprises a core 21 on which the coils 111-116 0 9 * '· * * are wound. In the example of Figure 5, the coils 111-116 in the same primary unit 30, e.g., the primary unit 1, are electrically disconnected. In this example, 6 threads are wound around parallel core pins • ·· V "21 of the primary unit 1, so that each wire forms its own coil 111-116. * 35 switching points are formed by 6 switching points la-6a, and lower 10 '3110 corresponds to 6 switching points lb-6b. Between the corresponding points la-lb, 2a-2b, etc., the switching is mainly inductive. it is necessary to have 6, but the number may be any one up to 5. It should be noted that in Fig. 4 all the primary units 1-6 are of the same type as in Fig. 5, i.e. the coils in the same coil structure are connected separately.

Figure 6 shows another embodiment of a primary unit showing a version in which the same primary unit 1 has 10 at least four coils which are connected in pairs. The coils on the vertical pivot of the outer periphery can thus also be connected to each other. For example, 12 threads are wrapped around the core pin 21 of the Entry 1. For example, the coils of these wires are coupled in pairs or otherwise to a series of 15, resulting in 6 coupling points 1a-6a at the top of the pivot pin 21 and 6 coupling points Ib-6b at the bottom of the pivot pin. The coupling between the counterpoints la-lb, 2a-2b, etc. so formed is mainly capacitive. In Fig. 6, at the upper end of the primary pin, the second and 20th threads are connected to each other, in addition, the sixth and ninth threads are connected to each other, and further, the tenth and twelfth threads are connected to each other. In Fig. 6, at the lower end of the primary pin, the first (twelfth lowest) · · and third wire are connected to each other, further the fourth and: v.25 the seventh are connected to each other, and further the eighth and * .. I eleventh are connected to each other.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the transformer is such that the coils 111-116, 121-126, * · * * 131-136, 141-146, 151- of the primary units 1-6. 156, 161-166 comprise first connection points 1a-6a and second connection points 1b-6b.

In this case, the transformer is most advantageously such that the first switching points \ of the coils in the different primary units 1-6, for example the switching points la, are connected together by a first * "* switching means, for example by a switching means • · **; ** 35 211a. The second coupling points, e.g. coupling points Ib, of the coils in the primary units 1-6, for example the coupling points Ib, are interconnected by the second coupling means, for example the coupling means 211b.

In the more advanced version of the figures, the primer units 1-6 each have a plurality of coils, for example six coils each. In a preferred embodiment, the transformer is such that the transformer comprises a first coupling means 211a-216a connecting the first coupling points of the coils in different primary units 1-6, and that the transducer comprises a second coupling means 211b-216b connecting the second coils in different primary units 1-6 The switching points.

With respect to the first coupling points 1a-6a of the coils 1-6, the structure according to Fig. 4 is such that the twisting wire formed by the first coupling means 211a-216a connects the connecting points 1a, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161 of the coils 1-6, 20th switch points 2a, then switch points 3a, then switch points 4a, then switch points 5a, and then switch points 6a.

For the second coupling points 1b to 6b of the coils 1-6. 4 is such that the twisting wire formed by the second coupling means 211b to 216b connects the coupling points of the coils 111, 121, 131, *** 141, 151, 161 in the different primary units 1-6 Ib, then the switching points 2b, then the switching points 3b, then the switching points 4ba, then the switching points 5b and then the switching points 6b.

Between the switching means 211a and 211b a • · · ϊ transformer primary input IN is formed, which is supplied with a transformer: *: * alternating voltage or current.

•

The use of multiple coils in the same primary unit and connecting the coils in different primary units together as described above improves the transformer operation efficiency and efficiency.

In particular, Figures 3 and 4 show that, in a preferred embodiment, the coupling means 211a to 216a and the coupling means 211b to 216b are arranged around a transformer in a circumference formed by the engaging units 1-6. Most preferably, the coupling means consist of a wire.

Fig. 7 shows a secondary 31 comprising a coil assembly 41 and most preferably a pin-shaped core 51. In a preferred embodiment, the coil 41 of the secondary 31 is completely enclosed by a transformer center pin 51. The ferromagnetic center pin 51 may be coiled (e.g. three parallel coils 411-413). In Fig. 7, the first coil 411 comprises interfaces 10a and 10b between which a first output OUTI is formed. The second coil 412 comprises interfaces 11a and 11b between which a second output OUT2 is formed. The third coil 413 comprises interfaces 12a and 12b between which a third output OUT3 is formed.

It can be seen in Fig. 4 that the transformer primary 1-6 20 comprises an input IN into which the voltage / current to be converted is supplied. The transformer secondary 31 comprises one or more, for example, three outputs OUTI, OUT2 and OUT3. When AC voltage is supplied to the input IN of the primary 1-6, this causes the primary coil structure 11-1 ', 25 16 with its coils 111-116, 121-126, 131-136, 141-146, 151- 156, \ .l 161-166 generates a variable magnetic flux which, by means of the ends 101, 102 of the cardiac field, and / or directly couples to the coil structure of the · ··· * secondary 31 and induces the AC voltage supply. * * to reels 411-413 of coil structure 41 of section 31. AC voltage is induced between the ends of each of the different coils 411-413 on the core 51 of the secondary 31, i.e. the center pin 51.

If the rotation speeds of reels 411-413 of secondary 31 are different ♦ *. ret, even the induced voltages are different.

Because of the symmetry of the transformer structure, the magnetic fluxes generated by the coil structures 11 through 9 103931 16 of all the outer studs 21-26 of the primary 1-6 * ··· '35 return to the secondary 31 most preferably via the ferromagnetic center pin 51 or secondary core 51. thanks to the ferromagnetic material of the base 101, the magnetic flux remains within the core structure of the transformer 5 and hardly escapes outside.

Thus, a voltage (Vtoise) is induced between the ends of the secondary coils 411-413 of the secondary coil structure 41 wound around the center pin 51 of the primary 31, the magnitude of which can be estimated by equation (1); 10 Second Edition '_ * K * M * Ven8it> (1)

Nensiö 15 where

N = conversion = the number of turns of the secondary pin secondary winding NenSiö = the number of turns of one parallel primary winding on the vertical pin

Vensi = primary voltage applied to the input 20 K = number of vertical pins in the outer ring, M = number of coils in parallel wound on the vertical pivot

The above diagrammed connection allows the connection of K * M from the supply: ·, · 25 coils in parallel. wasteful resistance must therefore be small as the coils are in parallel with each other. Due to the symmetric structure · ··· *, the same current flows through each coil.

Since the coefficients K and M increase the value of the conversion ratio, the above formula (1) shows that a high conversion ratio can be achieved with relatively small coils of primary and secondary coils. round amounts. Thus, the resistive losses in the transformer become small as well as *. the inductances of both primary and secondary coils.

• · ·

Although the invention has been described above with reference to the examples in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto but can be varied in many ways within the scope of this invention.

Claims (14)

A transformer which comprises a primary winding (1-6) having a coil assembly (11-16) and core assembly (21-26), and a secondary winding (31) having a coil assembly (41) and core assembly (51), and wherein the primary winding transformer (1-6) has been split into portions (1-6), characterized in that the coil construction and the core structure of the split primary winding are such that the primary winding (1-6) comprises around the secondary winding (31) which a ring provides at least three such primary units (1 - 6), each having a core (21 - 26) and in connection with each core two or more coils (111 - 116, 121 - 126, 131 - 136, 141 - 146, 151 - 156, 161 - 166). Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least three primary units (1-6) are substantially at the same distance from the secondary winding (31). 3. Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least three primary (1 - 6) units (1 - 6) are at an even distance from: each other on the circumferential periphery. . :; *; 25 4. Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the cores (21 - 26 and 51) at the coils of the primary winding (1 - 6) and the secondary winding (31) ... coils are ferromagnetic material, and that the primary winding • The coil cores of the winding (1 - 6) and the secondary winding (31) * · · 30 (21 - 26 and 51) are located between ferromagnetic ## * j * end pieces (101, 102) comprising the transformer (A) and star in contact with the end pieces (101, 102). # 5. Transformer according to claim 4, characterized in - • · · ** '. characterized in that the cores of the coils (21 - 26 and 51) are pin-shaped and are in contact with the end pieces 103931 (101, 102). Transformer according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the cores of the coils (21 -26 and 51) are formed of separate pin-shaped pieces, which are supported at the end pieces (101, 102). Transformer according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the cores (21-26 and 51) of the coils are spigot-shaped and are the same, by casting or otherwise manufactured, uniform piece of material as at least one end piece (101 or 102). Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary winding (1-6) forming a ring around the secondary winding (31) comprises at least six primary units (1-6). Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the coils located in the same primer unit (1-6) are separately connected. 10. A transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that the same primary unit '(1): **: has at least four coils which are connected together: V: in pairs. 11. Transformer according to claim 1, characterized in. ···. characterized in that the coils (1, 6) of the primary units (111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161) comprise a first · · 1 ′ and a second junction (1a, 1b), and that the first * · The connection points at the coils (111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161) of the various primary units (1-6) have been interconnected by a first coupling means, and the second the coupling points at the coils (111, 121,.: 131, 141, 151, 161) in the various primary units (1 - 6) «* ·«. ···. have been connected by a second coupling means. • · Ί * Transformer according to claim 11, characterized in that the primary units (1-6) have several coils (111 - 116, 121 - 126, 131 - 136, 103931 141 - 146, 151 - 156, 161 - 166) and that the coils ( 111 - 116, 121 - 126, 131 - 136, 141 - 146, 151 - 156, 161 - 166) comprise first and second switching points (1a-6a, 1b - 6b), and the transformer (A) comprises a first coupling means (211a - 216a) joining the first coupling points (1a - 6a) at the coils (111 - 116, 121 - 126, 131 - 136, 141 - 146, 151 - 156, 161 - 166) in the various primary units (1 - 6), and the transformer (A) comprises a second coupling means (211b - 216b) joining the other coupling points (1b - 6b) at the coils (111 - 116, 121 - 126, 131 - 136, 141 - 146, 151). 156, 161 - 166) in the various primary units (1 - 6). Transformer according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the coupling means are arranged around the transformer (A) on the ring formed by the primary units (1-6). Transformer according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the coupling means 20 (211a-216a, 211b-216b) are formed by a conduit tree. • »♦ · · • 1 ♦ ·« «« • · · • · »φ» • «· • · • · •« · ♦ · • · ··· ♦ · · • ♦ «♦ ·· ··· • · · • ♦ ♦ • «· ♦ · ♦ ♦ • · · · · · · · · · · · ···· 1 1 • ♦ • · • ·« • · · · • · · · · ·