FI102880B - Machine and propulsion device assembly for high speed craft - Google Patents

Description

102880

The present invention relates to an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 for positioning a water jet propulsion device and its gas turbine drive in a vessel.

The most common propulsion system for ships is the conventional propeller system, which generally achieves good efficiency. 10 The propeller drive and drive units are well-known in structure and well-established for reliable construction. However, propulsion operation, especially in high-speed craft, has several weaknesses. One drawback may be the efficiency of the propeller. With a traditional propeller, the efficiency drops when the ship speed exceeds 25-30 knots, so the propeller operation is poorly suited to high-speed vessels. Another problem with propeller operation is the vibrations caused by the propeller in the hull and other structures. These vibrations stress the vessel 20 and reduce the passenger comfort of passenger vessels. As the speed increases, the vibrations naturally increase and move to higher frequencies. A disadvantage of the propeller population is its poor suitability for low-speed vessels.

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In order to avoid the disadvantages of propeller operation, high speed and low I craft nowadays use a common water jet propulsion, also commonly referred to as a water jet or jet. The water jet device has a pump housing 30, from which a suction duct under the ship and a jet after the ship are discharged. The impeller in the pump housing is usually driven by a machine located at the bow of the ship, * and the impeller drive shaft passes through the suction channel wall: *: *.

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The advantages of a water jet device are relatively good efficiency and very smooth running, because the impeller antaa 102880 2 gives the water jet a steady speed and the large number of impeller blades smooth out the running. Water jets provide up to 70% efficiency at high speeds, so the use of this propulsion method is natural in high speed craft.

A propulsion and machine arrangement such as the one described above has several weaknesses. The impeller drive shaft is located on the suction side of the water jet device in axial flow pump based devices and causes interference with the flow of water to the impeller. The pump housing comes relatively high inside the hull, where it is partially emptied of water while the vessel is stationary. When starting, high speeds are required before the device begins to absorb water and a propulsion 15 is achieved. Naturally, high RPM results in high thrust, making it difficult to handle the ship at low speeds and berths. The propulsion unit drive unit must be positioned in the multi-hull vessels on the pontoons, whereby they must have 20 sufficient spaces for the machinery. The machine's air and exhaust gas ducts shall be led up in the web between the pontoon and the ship's hull. Due to the high volume of air required by high-power machines and the amount of exhaust gas produced, the web becomes wide due to the required large diameter ducts: V 25 and the web cannot be optimally designed for traction resistance. These ducts also take up deck space from above decks and since they must be located on the outside walls of the ship, the number of window cabins is reduced. The space required by the ducts is further increased by the fact that they must be soundproofed. 30:. ·. German Patent Application No. 41 05 755 describes a · · water barrier propulsion system, with part of the '· * described above. . the disadvantages of the machining arrangement have been avoided. In this unit, water is pumped by a centrifugal pump. Water is sucked into the pump 35 in the normal way through a direct suction duct below the vessel to the center of the yoke V-wheel. In a centrifugal pump, the flow turns 102880 to 3 sides and the pressure pipe is led to the side of the vessel where it turns backwards. The machine is located immediately behind the pump housing. When using an axial pump, the drive shaft of the pump is easy to transfer to the impeller in this way.

5 However, the device described in DE 41 05 755 has a number of weaknesses which make it unsuitable for large vessels. The propulsion unit machine is positioned at the same level as the pump casing so that in multi-hull vessels it enters the 10 pontoon between the pump casing and the transom. Because the pump housing cannot be moved very far forward, there is little space left in the machine. The machine must be installed in an oblique position because the suction pipe coming from the bottom obliquely to the pump must be brought directly to the pump in the direction of its 15 central axis. The oblique mounting and narrow mounting space prevent the large machine from being used, since large marine diesel engines have to be precisely mounted in an almost horizontal position. Thus, this arrangement is only suitable for boats and small craft, where the power requirement is sufficiently small and machines can be used which can be installed in the desired position and which are suitable for a smaller space. Also, this machine arrangement cannot avoid the air and exhaust gas ducts of gas turbines passing through decks and pontoon webs, so that the pontoon web cannot be reduced in SWATH vessels • V 25 sufficient space required by air and exhaust ducts \ '\ | kia. Because the pressure pipe is guided to the side of the boat, it will: *: * · become complicated and the bends in the pipe will be known to cause flow loss.

30 Centrifugal pump based water jet unit equipped. The handling of this vessel is difficult due to side - opening pressure pipes. Because the pressure pipes are on the sides of the vessel, • »'· *. the vessel cannot be steered by rotating the end of the pressure pipe relative to the vessel's center axis. Thus, the control is implemented by changing the direction of the jet relative to the direction of motion of the vessel, whereby by sliding one of the jets slightly 102880 4 backward or slightly forward, the vessel is rotated by the action of jets acting in different directions. When the jets are set to blow in completely opposite directions, the vessel will be turned almost stationary, but in normal 5 movements, steering movements will reduce forward power. Since jets are coming out of the sides of the ship, such an arrangement is by no means acceptable for ships sailing to commercial ports where the ship is moored sideways, since the side jets blow water easily to the pier.

The device described in German application 41 05 755 cannot therefore solve the problem of a water jet propulsion device on large high-speed craft.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an assembly of propulsion and propulsion apparatus for large high-speed craft powered by gas turbines.

The invention is based on the fact that the flow generating pump of the water jet device is driven by a shaft coming from the discharge side of the pump to the impeller which is rotated by a gas turbine located on the rear of the pump housing and above the discharge pipe.

: V 25 • · *. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas turbine is installed on a deck above the ship's waterline, whereby the arrangement is suitable for large and fast vessels of more than 30 knots and 30 gas turbines are the main engines, especially for multi-hull vessels such as SWATH-. and catamaran and FOIL CAT.

• · ··· • ·· «·. More specifically, the arrangement of the invention 4 4 v. 'Is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1: 35.

• I · 4 I · · · • «· 4 102880 5

The invention provides considerable advantages.

In the device according to the invention, the water can be conducted smoothly to the impeller of the water jet device, because the shaft used does not disturb the flow of incoming water. For this reason, cavitation problems in the impeller are lesser, since the pressure side is more resistant to interference with the drive shaft. The pump housing can be installed deeper into the water and, if desired, the suction pipe can be completely omitted and the water drawn directly into the pump housing. This improves the properties of a large water jet device at low power as the device starts to suck at lower speeds than a conventional device where the pump housing is usually mounted in a water line. The low mass flow rates of the water jet device are useful for docking on the Eten-15, even at low power. The suction pipe can be designed to be straight and shorter, thus reducing losses in the suction pipe. The device allows the transom of the vessels to be raised almost completely above the water surface. This will reduce the vessel's carrying resistance. The pressure side of the new water jet device can also be raised above the water line more easily than the conventional device.

Gas turbines are installed on decks higher than traditional: - 25 second-order water jets and machinery arrangements. When the gas turbines are installed on the upper deck of the pontoon, it is easier to handle turbine hauls, often with the car deck next to the turbine room. The engine rooms (turbine rooms) in the new 30 version can be built very small so-called. turbine compartments. The small turbine spaces allow for the elimination of the sound insulation module t 9 * ···, which lightens the vessel. Turbine suction and • · '. . exhaust ducts are shorter compared to traditional installation. which will reduce turbine losses and make channel betting easier.

* 6 102880 For SWATH vessels, the arrangement of the invention provides a viable propulsion device. The water jet is mounted as low as possible on the SWATH pontoon and the pressure side is led to or just above the water line, 5 making the pressure pipe longer than normal. After the inlet of the device, my bowl is shaped as optimally as possible in terms of passage resistance. In this way, considerable advantages are obtained with the optimally designed pontoon web part, i.e. 10 "starts", the width of which is determined by the strength required now and not by the air and exhaust ducts of conventionally installed gas turbines. In the installation method according to the invention, only the drive shaft of the pump and the pressure pipe of the water jet device pass through the web part. The traditional water jet 15 with pontoon mounted machines is not really suitable for a pure SWATH.

One embodiment of the invention provides an advantageous propulsion arrangement for FOIL CAT type vessels.

20 This solution employs a multi-stage axial pump and the inlet and pump housing can be located in the support structures of the wing. A particular advantage of the solution is that the first impellers of the pump are immersed very deep into the water, whereby the water jet device operates very well even at low power.

The engine room moves afterwards, thus minimizing the service and living areas and reducing the ship's engine room. The controls for the water jet device remain under the room 30 of the machine, and there is no need to build any separate guards for the control units. Docking stern ahead / ·· is more successful with water jets well on the front of the stern, which protects the pressure v. half-pipes and control equipment.

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The invention will now be explained in more detail in the accompanying drawings. · 'Iti

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7 102880 with the help of software.

Figure 1 shows a catamaran vessel having a propulsion and machine arrangement according to the invention.

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Figure 2 is a sectional view of the ship of Figure 1 at the main deck.

Figure 3 is a sectional view of the vessel of Figure 1 at the pontoons.

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Figure 4 shows the propulsion apparatus and machinery of the ship of the type of Figure 1 in more detail.

Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the propulsion apparatus 15 of the type I of Figure 1.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of Figure 5, wherein the water jet device is pumped by a multi-stage axial pump.

Figure 7 is a side view of the propulsion apparatus and machining arrangement of the SWATH as in Figure 4.

Figure 8 is a rear view of the positioning of the propulsion device in the pontoon of a SWATH ship.

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Figure 9 shows, as in Figure 4, a side-by-side arrangement of a propulsion unit comprising a FOIL CAT vessel Γ · *: a multi-stage pump. ta.

• ♦ • · · • ♦ • ·; . ·. Figure 10 is a rear view of a propulsion unit arrangement of a FOIL CAT multi-stage pump.

• · ·

In the following, the pontoon transom refers to the rearmost part of the vessel above the waterline or in the waterline.

• i I <«t · 8 102880

Figures 1-3 are a side view of a catamaran vessel 1 fitted with a propulsion and machine assembly system according to the invention. Inside each of the pontoons 13 of the vessel 1 is a water jet device driven by a gas turbine 10 located in the stern 5 of the vessel. The water jet suction tube 4 opens under the pontoon 13 and leads directly to the pump housing 2 where the shaft of the impeller 3 is At the pressure side 10 of the impeller 3, the pump housing 2 leaves the pressure tube 5, which pivots horizontally and terminates in the transom of the pontoon 13 above the water line 7, by turning the direction of the water jet and thus the vessel 1. The pump housing 2 is almost completely below the water line 7 15 when the vessel is stationary. The waterline 7 shown in the figures is the waterline of the passing vessel as the vessel rises slightly out of the water as the speed increases. In this case, the suction of the jet device and the speed of the vessel keep the pump housing filled with water. The waterline of the stationary vessel is approximately at the center line of the pressure vessel 5.

The water jet device and the gas turbine assembly are shown in more detail in Figure 4. The pump impeller 3 is shown only in a line pattern and the portion of the drive shaft 8 inside the water jet device 25 is depicted by a line 16 running along the center line of the suction pipe 4 and drive shaft 8. is introduced to the pressure side of the impeller 3 through the wall of the pressure pipe 5: * · [: via the through-hole 14. The shaft line 16 is straight from the impeller: 30 to the gearbox 9 at the end of the shaft 8.

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The gear 9 is already at the level of the main deck of the ship, so that only the water jet device and part of the drive shaft 8 are inside the pontoon 13, the gas turbine 10 is mounted on the drive battery ;;; parallel to the spindle 8, whereby the preferred gear having the driving and rotating Y axis can be used as the reduction gear vt '35. Such an installation allows the gas turbine 10 to be operated in any position. The angle of the turbine 10 and the axis line 16 with respect to the horizontal is, of course, dependent on the structure of the vessel, but the mounting angle is generally between 15 and 70 ° 5 to smoothly connect the impeller 3, suction pipe 4 and discharge pipe 5 without large angles. The gas turbine 10 is installed behind the vessel 1 last so that its location does not in any way interfere with the service facilities of the vessel 1 and the space requirement is minimized. As shown in Figure 2, the engine rooms 12 of the turbines 10 occupy little space at the stern corners where space is otherwise difficult to utilize. The exhaust duct to the turbine 10 is short and opens above deck levels in the stern of the vessel, so that the exhaust noise 15 is carried to the front of the vessel to a minimum. Because exhaust ducts 11 can be designed to be large in diameter and short, they can be effectively suppressed without increasing exhaust resistance. Similarly, air ducts can be made sufficiently large in diameter.

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The rear 15 of the lower deck of the ship 1, in this case the main deck, extends behind the transom of the pontoon 13 and above the pilot nozzle 6. The back of the lid 15 thus protects the water jet and prevents it from spreading uncontrollably into the environment 25. The cover also protects the nozzle 6.

Figs. 5 and 6 show an alternative engine arrangement. Here, the gas turbine 10 is located in front of the gearbox 9: * · *: and both shafts of the gearbox are on the same side of the gearbox. The shaft of the gas turbine 10 is connected to the primary shaft of the gearbox • * · · through the gearbox 23. This gearbox 23 may be straight or have a suitable gear ratio if the gas turbine 10 has to be dropped before the gearbox. * ·] '35 gearbox allows you to select a gearbox 9: a gearbox with a lower gear ratio. • · • · 10 102880 gearboxes are cheaper and, due to their simpler construction, are also more durable.

In this machine hoist platform, the gas turbine 10 partially enters 5 below the level of the main deck 15 and the engine room partially extends into the pontoon space. Thus, this solution is suitable for Katama and FOIL CAT vessels, where the pontoons expand upwards and have sufficient space for the gas turbine 10. In this solution, the gas turbine 10 is disposed so that its output shaft points towards the stern of the vessel, as opposed to the solution of Figure 4. By using this mounting method, the stern of the vessel after the pontoons 13 is shorter because the turbine 10 and gearbox 9 are shorter. Although the gas turbine 10 15 is lower in this solution, the air intake pipe 24 and the exhaust duct li are provided above the lid 15 where they are easy to position. The air intake pipe 24 terminates in the large diameter air intake openings 25 located on the sides of the ship and the exhaust duct 11 just above the decks 20 of the ship, so that the passenger areas are not disturbed by exhaust noise and exhaust gases.

The solution of Figure 6 is otherwise similar to the one above, but in which the water jet pump is pumped with a multi-stage axial-25 flag pump. In such a pump, the pump housing 2 is an approximately straight cylinder and is provided with a plurality of consecutive M · impellers 21. The pump housing 2 is longer than the water jet 1 and the first impeller 22 is f2: in very deep water. One advantage of a multistage pump is that; 30 that the first impeller 22 forces water to the following # «· # / r. impellers 21, which provide thrust from the pump even at low rpm, which greatly facilitates handling of the ship in ports and at slow speeds.

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Figures 7 and 8 show a SWATH vessel having the -V of the invention; arrangement. My SWATH vessel consists of a floating section 17 below the water 7, which is connected via a narrow web 18 to the main body 19. The Kel-reading section is shaped as follows: that its drag in water is minimized and that the web thickness is also kept to a minimum to minimize drag. Figures 7 and 8 clearly show how, by means of the arrangement according to the invention, the propulsion device can be fitted to the Pont tone so that the pontoon part 17, 18 can be shaped almost freely only with the minimization of travel resistance. In this embodiment, the gas turbine 10 is most advantageously mounted behind the gearbox 9, since the web 18 has no space for the turbine and its exhaust and air intake ducts.

The pump housing 2 of the water jet device is located inside the float section 17 so that it is always below the water line 7 and the suction pipe 4 becomes very short. The pressure pipe 5 opens above the water line 7 at the rear end of the pontoon web 18 so that the pressure pipe 5 becomes longer than in the case of the catamaran vessel 20. The propulsion arrangement with the gas turbine 10 with gears 9 and the drive shaft 8 is otherwise similar to that of the catamaran, but the drive shaft 8 becomes slightly longer because the gas turbine must be positioned above the pontoon web 18. With this arrangement, the web 25 in section 18 passes only the drive shaft 8 and the pressure pipe 5 and the '· * *!' Web can in practice be made as narrow as possible in structure. The transom of the pontoon section 20 • * • * ·· is also made to rise smoothly out of the water, since the transom and propulsion are not limited by the pro- * · j '/ · pulse system; 30 snacks.

«· · · ♦ f ·« ♦ * 7 r ·}

Figures 9 and 10 further illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention. The machine arrangement itself is identical to that of the vessels 35 shown in Figures 4, 7, and 8 with gas turbines 10 behind the gearbox 9.

V. * However, here the propulsion apparatus is adapted to the so-called. FOIL

> »*« «» 12 102880 CAT, so the placement of suction tube 4 and pump housing 2 differs from the embodiments described above. The FOIL CAT has two pontoons 29, just like a regular Katama-ran ship, but they are shallower and the bottom of the pontoons 29 is shaped flat. Under each of the pontoons there are hydrofoils 26, which, via the support structure 27, engage the pontoons 29. As the vessel moves rapidly, it rises from the pontoons 29 to the hydrofoils 26. The waterline then moves from the stationary vessel waterline 10 to the moving vessel waterline 28. Thus, the pontoons 29 are completely above the water. In a FOIL CAT vessel, the suction pipe 4 must be positioned in the support structure 27 of the carrier wing 26 below the waterline 28 of the moving vessel to provide water to the pump housing 2 as the vessel moves 15. If a multi-stage pump is used as in Figure 9, the pump housing 2 is easily located very close to the mouth of the suction tube 4 and the first pump impeller is immersed very deep in water and the pump housing is at least partially below the waterline 28 of the moving vessel. The suction opening can be directed directly into the vessel's direction of travel, whereby water is effectively pushed to the pump as the vessel moves. This design is made possible by the fact that there is a · · · · · support structure 27 underneath the hull of the ship, so that there is no need for separate transport resistance structures 25 for the suction pipe 4 • · '.

In addition to the above, the present invention has other embodiments.

The invention can be applied to other high-speed gas turbine powered vessels, whereby the main advantage (/ aa is that the engine room of the turbine is provided in a small space and in the stern where it least disturbs the utilization of other spaces in the vessel. need to be installed in a skewed position, but if there is an angle difference between the n »turbine and the impeller shafts," · 13 102880 will have to use angular gear or some other way to transfer the turbine power over the corner, but angular gear is more expensive than simple gearbox. 5, it is easy to connect multiple gas turbines if desired .Pump pulse device pumps are multi-stage axial pumps, or so-called mixed flow pumps, in which the water flows partly from the pump impeller to the radial direction, but the main flow direction is the flow channel. ton 10 center axis such that the pump housing 2 clearly divides the duct into the pressure side and the suction side.

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Claims (10)

A machine and propulsion device in particular for fast-moving vessels (1), comprising 5 - a pump housing (2) arranged inside the hull of the vessel (1), - at least one impeller 10 (3) arranged in the pump housing (2) which together with the pump housing (2) forms a pump by which a substantially axial flow is effected - a suction pipe (4) for feeding water to the impeller (3), which suction pipe opens under the hull of the vessel (1) and leading to the pump housing (2), a pressure tube (5) exiting from the pump housing (2), which opens on the aft side of the vessel (1), an axis (8) arranged to pass through the wall of the pressure tube (5) to the impeller ( 3) on the impeller side of the impeller for rotating the impeller (3) and pumping out water from the pump casing (2) via the pressure tube (5), characterized in that • · «· · • <• ♦ • * ·. - At least one gas turbine (10) is provided as: T: the power unit of the ship (1) for rotating the shaft 30 (8), and h the gas turbine is arranged in the stern of the vessel (1) above the outlet of the pressure pipe (5) and behind the pump housing (2), - the engine room (12) of the vessel (1) is arranged / arranged at least partially behind the transom tili the ship's pontoons (13), and the pump housing (2) are at least partially below the water line and are provided with a short suction pipe (4). Device according to claim 1 for catamaran vessels or the corresponding multi-hull vessel with a pontoon part (13) / on which the ship is stiff, characterized in that the gas turbine (10) and its reduction gear (9) are arranged above the pontoon part (13) in the ship (1). 10 Device for multi-hull vessels according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gas turbine (10) and the reduction gear (9) in the unit are arranged in the stern of the vessel behind the transom of the pontoons (20). 15 4. A device as claimed in claim 1 for SWATH vessels having a pontoon which comprises a float (17) located below the waterline (7), ρέ which the vessel steals, and a life (18) connecting the float (17) to the vessel (19). ), characterized in that the gas turbine (10) and its reduction gear (9) are arranged above the life (18) of the vessel (1). «T · Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mounting angle of the gas turbine (10) is 1 - 70 ° in relation to the horizontal plane. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in: T: not characterized by the pump housing (2) being at least partially below the water line for a stationary vessels (1). • · · ··· • ♦ 1 • · « Device according to claim 4, characterized ... V of the pressure tube (5) opening at the life (18) at the level of the water line (7) or above it. • I · »· • ·« »« 1 102880 19 Device according to any one of claims 1-3 or 5 to 6, characterized in that the input shaft (9) of the reduction gear (9) is located on the same side of the gear (9) and the gas turbine (10) is located in front of the gear 5 (9) and behind pump housing (2). Device in a FOIL CAT vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suction pipe (4) and the pump housing (2) are arranged in a supporting structure (27) for the rear carrier plane (26) of the vessel. in such a way that the suction pipe is directed towards the vessel's direction of travel and the pump housing (2) is at least partially located below the water line (28) of the stiffening vessel. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a multiphase pump is used as a pump for the propulsion device, which multiphase pump comprises several successive impellers (21, 22). • · • · I «t« · • · · • • • • »» 4 • · · • • • · • · · 1 \ '· ·