FI102122B - Generation of frequencies in a multi-mode radio system - Google Patents

Description

102122

The invention relates generally to the generation of frequency signals internal to a radio device. In particular, the invention relates to the generation of frequencies in a multimode device capable of operating according to the specifications of several different ice systems.

Digital radio equipment requires several constant frequency signals of different frequencies.

10 Transmission and reception usually take place frame by frame, which may be further divided into slots. Certain clock signals are required to generate and interpret these in a timely manner. In order to implement modulation and demodulation according to bits and / or combinations of bits at the agreed bit rate, its own timing signals are required, which depend not only on the bit rate but also on the multiple access and modulation method. Many ice systems have several communication modes that require different bit rates.

Figure 1 schematically shows a radio device whose transmitter part 10 and receiver part 11 are under the control of a common timing and control block 12 and use the same frequency synthesizer 13 to generate radio frequencies 20. The transmitter part is connected in series with a speech encoder 10a the radio frequency part 1 Of of the transmitter, the last of which is connected to the antenna 15 via the antenna switch 14. The antenna switch 14 can connect the antenna 15 to the radio frequency part of the receiver for reception. 25 11a, followed by a series-connected A / D converter 1lb, a detector block 1e1, a de-interleaving block 1I1, a channel decoder 1e1 and a speech decoder 11l. The timing and control block 12 provides the multi-use method implementation block 10d with constant frequency signals synchronizing frames, time slots and symbols (bits or combinations of bits) and a sampling frequency signal to the modulator 10e, on the basis of which the modulator generates the required signals. In addition, the timing and control block 12 provides constant frequency signals synchronizing frames, time slots, and sampling to the radio frequency portion 1 Of the transmitter. The frequency synthesizer 13 provides the reference frequency of the PLL (Phase Locked Loop; not shown separately) to the block 12 and produces the necessary mixing frequencies for the radio frequency 35 sections 10 and 11a of the transmitter and receiver. The timing and control block 12 further provides a signal controlling the sampling frequency to the A / D converter 1 Ib and the synchronization signals of the frames, time slots and symbols to the detector block 11c.

2 102122

Existing digital mobile communication systems, such as the European GSM (Global System for Mobile telecommunications) and the DCS 1800 (Digital Communications System at 1800 MHz) and PCN (Personal Communications Network), the US D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service) and 5 PCS (Personal Communications Services) and the Japanese PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) are the so-called second-generation systems and their coverage is country-specific (although almost pan-European for GSM). A number of international bodies are aiming for a third generation system that could be available across the globe. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 10 has a proposal for a third generation system called UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). Within the ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union, Radio communication sector), the third generation system is called FPLMTS (Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System) or IMT-15 2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications at 2000 MHz). There is no comprehensive consensus on the implementation of the air interface of the new system, so it is likely that the third generation digital terminal must be able to communicate via multiple air interfaces. In addition, the terminal should also act as a terminal for second generation ice systems to allow a smooth transition to the new 20 system. By air interface is meant all the determinations that need to be made in terms of, for example, the modulation method, the multi-use method, the frequency and timing selections and the data rates in order for the data transmission between the terminal and the base station to be successful.

25 A terminal that operates in more than one communication system is commonly referred to as a multimode terminal. As an exemplary multimode terminal, this patent application mainly deals with a device that acts as a second generation GSM / DCS terminal and a third generation UMTS terminal, where UMTS operation means in particular the utilization of broadband data transmission features that are not available in GSM / DCS. on offer. A version of UMTS based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is considered separately. In addition, it is considered to combine the two so that a certain transmission frame is divided on a TDMA principle into time slots, which are further divided between several users on a CDMA principle. Base station design encounters largely similar problems if a single piece of equipment is to act as a base station for multiple systems. Thus, for the most part, the following analysis can be generalized to multimode base stations.

3 102122

Multimode terminals represent a new telecommunication concept for which it is difficult to find examples of the state of the art. The simplest and most obvious way to construct a multimode terminal is to take separate terminals from different ice systems and connect them into a single mechanical entity. It is clear that the device thus created is clumsy in its external characteristics and technically disadvantageous because it has a lot of hardware-level redundancy. In a more preferred solution, different ice systems may use some of the same components. In this case, the problem is how to adapt the operation of the same basic components to the specific requirements of different ice systems. An example of special requirements is the need for constant frequency signals mentioned at the beginning.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for generating constant frequency signals in a multimode terminal. It is an object of the invention that the method and device according to it are technically advantageous, which requires a relatively small number of components.

15

The objects of the invention are achieved by deriving the constant frequency signals required for operation according to different systems from the same reference frequency oscillator signal.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the operating modes of the multimode radio device 20 comprise a first operating mode corresponding to a second generation digital cellular radio system and a second operating mode, wherein the constant frequency signals required by the first operating mode are derived constant frequency signals.

The invention also relates to a reference clock circuit for generating constant frequency signals in a multimode terminal or base station. The reference clock circuit according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises one reference frequency-30 oscillator and successive integer dividers for deriving the constant frequency signals required by all operating modes from the common reference frequency produced by the reference frequency oscillator.

The invention further relates to a terminal and a base station of a cellular radio system. The terminal and the base station according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise at least one reference clock circuit as described above.

According to the invention, it is possible to use one common, constant frequency reference signal to produce all the necessary constant frequency signals, regardless of which combination of GSM / DCS functions and TDMA-type or CDMA-type broadband communication features is implemented in the multimode terminal. The use of a common reference oscillator significantly simplifies the design and construction of a multimode terminal and base station and reduces power consumption and manufacturing costs, since an accurate reference oscillator is not only an electrical power consuming factor but also a relatively expensive component; the use of multiple parallel oscillators according to the prior art would multiply the cost of generating reference frequencies and the electricity consumption. In addition, if the radio has separate reference oscillators for different systems, flexible switching from one system to another is cumbersome and the sum and / or difference frequencies of the oscillators are easily interfered with. The oscillation frequency of the common reference oscillator is most preferably 26 MHz, but in some embodiments of the invention a 13 MHz, 39 MHz, 52 MHz or 104 MHz reference oscillator may also be used. Almost all the necessary frequencies are obtained from the frequency of the reference oscillator by a simple integer division, which is an operation easily performed at the component level.

The use of a common reference oscillator according to the invention requires that the time and frequency parameters of different systems, such as bandwidths, bit rates, frame lengths, time slots, sampling rates, and the like, be selected so that a frequency and / or integer integer times and integer quotients are directly available in another system. Since the GSM / DCS system, in which the communication channels are located on the frequency axis at 200 kHz intervals, is considered here as an exemplary second generation system, the bandwidth of the TDMA version of the UMTS system is shown to be 1.6 to 25 MHz, which is an integer multiple of said 200 kHz. The bandwidth of CDMA-based UMTS is not 1.6 MHz but some multiple of 200 kHz, which is higher than the chip frequency. The channel spacing is not yet fixed in CDMA in the same way as in the TDMA and TDMA-CDMA concepts designed to be GSM compatible, but one preferred option is some 1.6 MHz multiple (e.g. 4.8 to 30 MHz) which can be facilitates the allocation of frequencies in a situation where several air interfaces are operating simultaneously. The 200 kHz carrier frequency reference required by the GSM system is obtained directly by integer division from the frequency of the reference oscillator and can be easily formed into a 1.6 MHz carrier frequency reference of TDMA-UMTS by means known to a person skilled in the art. In addition, the length of frame-35 in the UMTS ice system should be chosen to be the same as in the second generation system (4.615 ms in GSM / DCS) or a fraction or an integer multiple of this frame length.

5,102,122

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplary preferred embodiments and the accompanying figures, in which Figure 1 schematically shows the known use of constant frequency signals in a radio device, Figure 2 shows a proposal for a UMTS frame structure, Figures 3a to 3e show frame structure slots a preferred principle for frequency derivation according to the invention, Fig. 5 shows in more detail a frequency derivation, Fig. 6 shows in more detail a second frequency derivation, Fig. 7 shows in more detail a third frequency derivation, Fig. 8 shows in more detail a fourth frequency derivation, Fig. 9 shows in more detail a fifth frequency derivation derivation, Fig. 10 shows a sixth frequency derivation in more detail, Fig. 11 shows a batch in more detail of the seventh frequency conduction, Fig. 12 shows the eighth frequency conduction in more detail, and Fig. 13 shows the ninth frequency conduction in more detail.

In the above description of the prior art, reference has been made to Figure 1, so in the following description of the invention and its preferred embodiments, reference is made mainly to Figures 2-13. In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the corresponding parts.

Figure 2 shows a representation of the frame structure of the UMTS system when using time division multiple access. As a difference from the GSM system, the mo-25 usage shown in Figure 2 is hereinafter referred to as W-TDMA (Wideband Time Division Multiple Access). This figure and the related figures 3a to 3e are relevant to the invention in that they show for what different purposes constant frequency signals derived from one reference frequency oscillator according to the invention are required. The length of the frame 20 in the embodiment of Figure 2 is chosen to be 4.615 30 milliseconds, which is the same as in the GSM system. The frame covers the 1.6 MHz bandwidth and is further divided into eight time slots 21 in the same way as in the GSM ice system. Another possible option is to divide the frame into sixteen time slots. In this patent application, it is assumed that in the TDMA format of UMTS, each time slot can be further divided into smaller parts in both frequency and time directions, if necessary, whereby each time slot part can be separately assigned for the use of a certain connection. The system thus allows connections to be established between the base station and the terminal with different data transmission capacities: the maximum capacity is on the connection that accesses the whole frame 6 102122 20 all time slots 21, in the capacity sequence the connections are one or more complete time slots 21, and the minimum capacity units are divided into 21 parts of the time slots. The transmitting device, which has a certain time slot or a part thereof, transmits information in that time slot or a part thereof in the form of a burst 5 (burst). When calculating the available capacity, the so-called a training sequence belonging to each burst and having a certain constant length, in which case its effect of reducing the usable capacity becomes apparent, especially in the smallest parts of the time interval.

The frame length could also preferably be a fraction of 4.615 ms or an integer multiple. For example, a 2.308 ms frame would be half the length of a GSM / DCS frame and could be divided into three, four, five, or six basic time slots, which can be further subdivided in the same manner as shown in Figure 2 and Figures 3a-3e below. Digital communication usually involves time interleaving of 15 frames, in which the transmitting device spreads the bits belonging to a particular logical frame into several successive transmission frames so that a sudden error in the communication does not destroy the entire logical frame. If the frame length is short (e.g. 2.308 ms mentioned above), more transmission frames can be used for time interleaving than in the case of long frames. This is useful if the transmission frequency is varied between the transmission frames 20 (so-called frequency hopping); the more transmission frames used in time interleaving, the better the time interleaving and frequency hopping spread the content of a particular logical frame, and the less a particular sudden interference can affect a single logical frame. In some cases, it may also be advantageous to use a longer frame, such as 9.231 ms (double (compared to a GSM / DCS frame) or some other multiple of the frame length known from second generation systems. A long frame may facilitate the placement of some control structures (so-called logical control channels)). in a frame structure because very little communication capacity is required for the needs of these channels.Assigning a constant time slot or a portion thereof from each frame to 30 logical control channels can use too much of the entire system capacity if the frame length is short.

The data transmission capacity represented by the frame and its time slots depends on e.g. a modulation method, which may be, for example, Bin-O-QAM (Binary Offset Quadrature 35 Amplitude Modulation) or Quat-O-QAM (Quaternary Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). The bandwidth efficiencies of these methods have been assumed to be 1.625 bit / s / Hz and 3.25 bit / s / Hz, respectively. It is assumed that the latter method is used, in which case the total capacity of a signal with a bandwidth of 1.6 MHz is about 5.2 Mbit / s. Assuming that 10% of the total capacity must be used for the synchronization and other general control needs of the frame structure, the estimated useful capacity for data transmission of one 1.6 MHz wide UMTS carrier is about 4.659 Mbit / s. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the data to be transmitted is convolution-coded (e.g. in a ratio of 1/3) and punctured, in which case it can be assumed that one UMTS carrier frequency can transmit data between the terminal and the base station at a maximum speed of about 2 Mbit / s. In the case of a symmetrically time-duplexed carrier frequency, the useful data rate is a maximum of 1 Mbit / s in each direction. Of the modulation methods in the previous 10 (Bin-O-QAM), all capacity estimates are about half of the above.

Figures 3a-3e show five exemplary ways of handling time slots. In Fig. 3a, the time slot 21 is shown for the use of a single connection, the time slot representing, according to the above reasoning, a capacity of about 582 kbit / s (one-eighth of 4.659 Mbit / s) when the effect of convolutional coding is not taken into account. In Figure 3b, the time slot 21 is divided into two parts 30. In Figure 3c, the time slot 21 is divided into four parts, one of which has a capacity of about 132 kbit / s with Quat-O-QAM modulation and about 66 kbit with Bin-O-Qam modulation. / s, where the effect of the teaching period is taken into account. In Fig. 3d, the time slot 21 is divided into eight parts, whereby the capacity of one part 32 corresponds approximately to the talk slot capacity of the current GSM system (in GSM the bandwidth is 200 kHz and the talk slot length is the same as the length of the slot 3d in Fig. 3d). With bin-O-QAM modulation, the useful data transmission capacity of part 32 of Figure 3d has been estimated to be 28.8 kbit / s, taking into account the effect of the training period and convolutional coding with a 1/3 ratio and suitable puncturing. In Figure 3e, the time slot 21 is divided in the frequency direction into eight parts, each part 33 corresponding in both the bandwidth and the duration of the speech time interval of the current GSM system. In addition to the options shown in Figures 3a to 3e, the time slots of the frame can also be divided in other ways, for example in the time direction into two, three, five, six, ten or twelve parts. In addition, the ai-30 slot can be shared by the CDMA method, with a plurality of simultaneous connections spread over an available frequency band by orthogonal or near-orthogonal spreading codes over a period of time.

Based on the time slots described above and parts thereof, it can be stated that at least the following frequencies are required in the multimode terminal (or base station) according to the invention: 8 102122 216.667 Hz frame clock, corresponding to frame length (4.615 ms) 1.733 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to time slot length ( 0.577 ms) 3.467 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/2 time slot length (0.288 ms) 6.933 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/4 time slot length (0.144 ms) 5 13.867 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/8 time slot length (0.072 ms) 200 kHz GSM carrier frequency range 270.833 kHz GSM bit clock 325 kHz Enhanced GSM bit clock (refers to the application of Bin-O-QAM modulation in a GSM-compliant system) 2.6 MHz bit / symbol clock corresponding to the frame 2.6 Mbit / s capacity with Bin-O-QAM modulation 5.2 MHz bit / symbol clock corresponding to the 5.2 Mbit / s capacity of the frame with Quat-O-QAM modulation.

15

It has been indicated above that one W-TDMA time slot can also be further divided by the CDMA principle. It is assumed that the length of one CDMA time unit (so-called chip time) is then about 0.462 με, which corresponds to a chip frequency of 2.166667 MHz. The reception requires at least twice the frequency for sampling, so that the list of required frequencies can be continued on the following lines: 2.166667 MHz chip frequency in W-TDMA-CDMA multipurpose 4.333 MHz sampling frequency in W-TDMA-CDMA reception.

25 If a W-TDMA time slot of 0.577 ms is divided into other than two, four and / or eight parts, instead of the 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 time slot frequencies above, at least part of the following frequencies.

30 5.2 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/3 time slot length (0.192 ms) 10.4 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/6 time slot length (0.096 ms) 20.8 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/12 time slot length (0.048 ms) 8.667 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/5 time slot length (0.115 ms) 17.333 kHz time slot clock, corresponding to 1/10 time slot length (0.0577 ms).

35

If the frame length is different from the above 4.615 ms, clock signals other than those listed above may be required to clock the frames: 9 102122 108.333 Hz frame clock, corresponding to twice the frame length (9.231 ms) 433.333 Hz frame clock, corresponding to half the frame length (2.308 ms).

Next, instead of W-TDMA multi-use, W-CDMA multi-use 5 is considered, i.e. the allocation of the available bandwidth by orthogonal or almost orthogonal spreading codes between different connections. The required frequencies then depend on the chip frequency of the icing and the spreading ratio. In a time-division ice system, different sizes of time and frequency intervals represent the capacity allocated to different connections; In a W-CDMA type system, a high spreading ratio 10 corresponds to a low user data rate of the connection and vice versa. In practice, the spreading ratio is likely to be at a minimum of 4 and at a maximum of 255 or 256. The symbol frequency required for a given spreading ratio is obtained by dividing the chip frequency of the system by the spreading ratio. The reception of a code division transmission requires a sampling frequency that is most preferably four to five times that of the chip frequency.

15

Figure 4 shows the principle according to which the frequencies required by the different modes of the multimode terminal (or base station) are derived from the reference frequency oscillator 40 in different branches. Block 41 describes the derivation of the frequencies required for the device to be compatible with a second generation digital mobile communication system, such as a GSM system. Block 42 illustrates the derivation of frequencies required for W-TDMA operation and block 43 illustrates the derivation of W-CDMA frequencies. The versatile UMTS multimode terminal (or base station) has all the blocks 41, 42 and 43 implemented, so that the device can operate in the UMTS system, regardless of which multifunction mode (TDMA or CDMA) is used in the system.

For example, the simpler may comprise only blocks 41 and 42 or blocks 41 and 43, where the narrowband communication services are compatible with the second generation system and the high capacity broadband services operate on either multi-purpose principle. Of course, a device with only blocks 42 and 43 or only one of them can also be shown. The device with only block 30 41 corresponds to the current second generation device. In some cases, the frequency conductions described by blocks 41, 42 and 43 are not clearly separate, but for example, a GSM / DCS frequency is first derived from the oscillator frequency, from which a W-TDMA frequency is further derived. Detailed embodiments of the invention for deriving certain frequencies are discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 5-13. 35

The fundamental frequency produced by the oscillator 40 is at least 13 MHz, because this frequency is common as the fundamental frequency in GSM devices and because it provides most of the required frequencies by integer division according to the examples below. In the study leading to the invention, the most preferred fundamental frequency of the oscillator 40 has been found to be 26 MHz, especially in a device with a second generation compatible (GSM / DCS compatible) narrowband communication portion and a W-TDMA type wideband portion. It can also be 39 MHz, 52 MHz 5 or 104 MHz, but a higher frequency means higher power consumption in the oscillator and increases the susceptibility of the oscillator to interference. In addition, an oscillator operating at 104 MHz would be exposed to interference from FM frequencies in broadcast use. In addition, the signal from oscillators of 52 MHz and higher produces intermodulation products that interfere with 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radio signals.

Figure 5 shows the derivation of constant frequency signals from a reference frequency of 26 MHz according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a device having a second generation compatible (GSM / DCS compatible) narrowband communication portion 15 and a W-TDMA type wideband portion and having a frame interval of 0.577 ms is divided into a maximum of eight parts. The frequency of the oscillator 40 is 26 MHz. Each block 50-58 represents the frequency division by an integer described within the block. The resulting frequencies are 200 kHz, 2.6 MHz, 325 kHz, 270.833 kHz, 13.867 kHz, 6.933 kHz, 3.467 kHz, 1.733 kHz, and 216.677 Hz, with the 20 uses listed above.

Figure 6 shows the derivation of constant frequency signals from a reference frequency of 13 MHz when the device is otherwise similar to the case of Figure 5. Blocks 60-63 produce the same frequencies at 200 kHz, 2.6 MHz, 325 kHz, and 270.833 kHz as blocks 50-53 in Fig. 5. Similarly, blocks 65-68 produce frequencies of 6.933 kHz, 3.467 kHz, 1.733 kHz, and 216.677 Hz at the same time. as block 55-58 in Figure 5. Block 64 does not represent an integer division but a frequency multiplier known per se as the device, which generates the frequency of 13.867 kHz required for clocking 1/8 time slots by multiplying the frequency of 6.933 kHz by two. The required clocking of 1/8 time slots can also be solved by using the frequency of 6.933 kHz (1/4 time slot) as a reference and counting symbols (in transmission) or samples (in reception).

Figures 7 and 8 show the derivation of constant frequency signals from the 13 MHz reference frequency when the device is similar to that of Figure 6, but the W-TDMA time-35 intervals are divided into 12 parts (Figure 7) or 10 parts (Figure 8). Blocks 70-73 and 80-83 correspond to blocks 60-63 in Figure 6. Blocks 74-78 and 84-87 are all integer divisions that result in the required frequencies.

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Figure 9 shows the derivation of constant frequency signals from a reference frequency of 13 MHz according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a device having a second generation compatible (GSM / DCS compatible) narrowband communication portion and a W-CDMA type wideband portion having a chip frequency of 4.3333 5 MHz. GSM / DCS compatibility requires a 200 kHz carrier frequency reference, a 270.833 kHz bit rate signal, a 1.733 kHz slot clock signal, and a 216.667 Hz frame clock signal. These are generated in blocks 90, 91, 92, 93, and 94. Block 95 divides the 200 kHz carrier frequency reference by 2000 to produce a 100 Hz CDMA frame sync signal (here, the CDMA frame length is assumed to be 10 to 10 ms). Block 96 produces a chip frequency of 4.33333 MHz and block 97 contains alternative integer divisions corresponding to spreading ratios of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256, resulting in symbol frequencies of 1083.333 kHz, 541.667 kHz, 270.833 kHz. , 135.417 kHz, 67.708 kHz, 33.854 kHz and 16.927 kHz. In some cases, the spreading ratio 256 may be replaced by a spreading ratio 255 in the downlink communication, whereby the corresponding symbol frequency is 16,993 kHz.

Figure 10 otherwise corresponds to Figure 9, but the frequency of the oscillator 40 is 26 MHz and the chip frequency is 5.2 MHz. Due to the higher chip frequency, the symbol frequencies corresponding to different spreading ratios are also higher than in Figure 9. Block 100 divides the 20 oscillator frequencies by two, after which blocks 101-106 produce the same frequencies as blocks 90-95 in Figure 9 with the same and collapse operations. Block 107 produces 5.2 MHz chip frequency and block 108 contains alternative integer divisions corresponding to spreading ratios of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256, from which the symbol frequencies are 1300 kHz, 650 kHz, 325 kHz, 162.5 kHz, 81.25 kHz , 40.625 kHz and 20.3125 kHz. Here again, the spreading ratio 256 can be replaced in the downlink data transmission by a spreading ratio 255, whereby the corresponding symbol frequency is 20.392 kHz.

Figure 11 shows a combination of the embodiments of Figures 9 and 10. The frequency of the oscillator 40 is 26 MHz and blocks 110 to 116 produce the same frequencies from it in the same operations as blocks 100 to 106 in Figure 10. Block 117 divides the oscillator frequency by 6: 11, resulting in a chip frequency of 4.3333 MHz in the same manner as in Figure 9. The integer divisions contained in 118 produce the same spreading ratios corresponding to the same frequencies as block 97 in Figure 9.

Figure 12 shows the derivation of constant frequency signals from a reference frequency of 39 MHz in a three-function multimode device with all the functions represented by blocks 41, 42 and 43 of Figure 4. Block 40 is a 39 MHz oscillator. Block 120 provides a direct integer division sampling rate of 4.333 MHz for the W-TDMA-CDMA function. The other GSM / DCS and W-TDMA frequencies are derived from the 13 MHz frequency produced by block 121. Blocks 122-130 correspond to blocks 60-61 and 63-68 in Figure 6, slightly reordering (122 = 61, 123 = 64, 124 = 65, 125 = 66, 126 = 67, 127 = 68, 128 + 129 = 63, 130 = 60) and a block dividing by 5 to 40 could easily be added alongside block 128 to produce a frequency of 325 kHz. Block 132 provides a chip frequency of 2.166667 MHz for W-TDMA-CDMA operation.

Block 131 produces a frequency of 100 Hz, which corresponds to a frame length of 10 ms used in the W-CDMA function. The W-CDMA portion of the device of Figure 12 supports two alternate second chip frequencies, which are 4.875 Mchip / s and 9.75 Mchip / s. The quadruple sampling frequency of 39 MHz corresponding to the latter chip frequency is obtained directly from the oscillator 40. The quadruple sampling frequency (19.5 MHz) corresponding to the previous chip frequency (4.875 Mchip / s) is obtained from block 133. The actual chip frequencies are obtained from blocks 134 and 136 and block. 135 produces a symbol frequency of 19.080235 kHz and 38.235294 kHz corresponding to the spread ratios 511 and 255 at a higher chip frequency. Block 137 produces a symbol frequency of 19.117647 kHz corresponding to a spreading ratio 255 at a correspondingly lower chip frequency. The highest spreading ratios (511 at a higher and 255 at a lower chip frequency) have been considered here in particular for the use of downlink, i.e. transmission from the base station to the terminal. If necessary, a spreading ratio of 256 may also be used in the downlink. Block 138 includes a plurality of alternative integer divisions corresponding to the spreading ratios of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256. The corresponding symbol frequencies are, respectively, 2.4375 MHz, 1.21875 MHz, 609.375 kHz, 304.6875 kHz, 152.34375 kHz, 76.171875 kHz, 38.085938 kHz and 19.042969 kHz.

25

Figure 13 shows the derivation of constant frequency signals from the 26 MHz reference frequency in a three-mode multimode device. In the case of W-TDMA in particular, this is a more advantageous embodiment than that shown in Fig. 12 above, because the clock frequency of the 1/8 time slot is also obtained by dividing the integer frequency by the reference frequency. Block 140 corresponds to block 120 of Figure 12, however, with a division number of 6 instead of 9. Block 141 produces a frequency of 2.6 MHz directly with one division from the reference frequency and block 142 produces the desired 1/8-slot clocking frequency with a single division. Block 143 produces a 13 MHz frequency signal from the reference frequency, of which blocks 144-147 produce the same frequencies as blocks 124-127 of FIG. Blocks 148 and 149 correspond to blocks 130 and 131 in Figure 12. Blocks 150-152 produce the same frequencies as blocks 128, 129 and 132 in Figure 12.

13 102122

In Fig. 13, the maximum frequency available for the W-CDMA function is the 26 MHz frequency of the oscillator, which is used in the embodiment of Fig. 13 as a five-fold sampling frequency corresponding to the 5.2 MHz chip frequency (block 153). Block 154 produces symbol frequencies 1300 5 kHz, 650 kHz, 325 kHz, 162.5 kHz, 81.25 kHz, 40.625 kHz, 20.3125 kHz, and 20, corresponding to symbol rates 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 255. , 392157 kHz. The spreading ratio 255 is most preferably used in the downlink transmission, but a spreading ratio 256 may also be used.

In Figures 12 and 13, it is assumed that the W-TDMA portion uses a 0.577 ms time-10 interval division into two, four and eight. However, in the embodiments shown in Figures 7 and 8, it is shown how the required frequencies are derived from the 13 MHz signal when the time slot is otherwise divided. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the "splitters" of Figures 7 and 8 may be associated with a 13 MHz frequency in the embodiments of Figures 12 and 13 (below block 121 in Figure 12 and below block 15 143 in Figure 13, with these alternatives included in Figure 12). and 13. Similarly, either of the ways shown in Figures 10 and 11 generates W-CDMA frequencies from the 26 MHz reference frequency may be set in place of blocks 153 and 154 in Figure 13.

20 It has been indicated above that the frame length may also be something other than 4.615 ms known from GSM / DCS. For example, a frequency of 433.333 Hz corresponding to a half shorter frame length (2.308 ms) is most preferably obtained in the embodiments of Figures 5-13 from a block producing a frequency of 1.733 kHz corresponding to a time slot length of 0.577 (blocks 57, 67, 77, 86, 92, 103, 113 , 126 and 146) by further dividing the frequency given by this block 25 by 4. Correspondingly, a frequency of 108.333 Hz corresponding to twice the frame length (9.231 ms) is most preferably obtained from a block producing a frequency of 216.667 Hz corresponding to a frame length of 4.615 ms (blocks 58, 68, 78, 87, 93, 104, 114, 131 and 147). by further dividing the frequency given by this block by 2: 11.

The above embodiments cover a very large number of frequencies and their generation to demonstrate the versatility of the invention. If, in a particular terminal or base station, the system specifications do not require any of the individual frequencies mentioned in the above descriptions, its formation may simply be omitted.

35

It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the divisions shown in the figures showing the detailed embodiments can be combined if necessary. For example, if frequency X is obtained from frequency Y by dividing it first by 2 and then by 3, the invention does not require these divisions to be separate operations, but to produce frequency X, frequency Y can be divided directly by 6. Similarly, divisors can be divided by their factors. For example, if the frequency XX is obtained from the frequency YY by dividing it by 9 and the frequency ZZ is obtained from the same frequency YY by dividing it first by 3 and then by 6: 11, a common pre-divider with a division number of 3 can be used. by dividing it first by 3 and then by 3, and ZZ is obtained by dividing YY first by 3 and then by 6.

The invention shows how a single constant frequency reference oscillator can be used to produce all the required constant frequency signals of a multimode terminal (or base station) in a simple manner. This avoids the need for multiple oscillators and the resulting increase in manufacturing costs and electricity consumption. In addition, the inconveniences associated with changing the oscillator during operation are eliminated. The reference clock circuit according to the invention can, of course, also be used in a radio device which has only one operating mode, but which is intended to operate in a multi-mode compatible system.

c.

Claims (19)

A method for deriving signals at standard frequency required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as spreading, modulation and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus, characterized in that the multi-mode radio device's function state comprises a first state of operation, which corresponds to the function of a second-generation digital cell radio system, and a second mode of operation, wherein the signals of standard frequency assumed by the first mode of operation are derived from a common reference frequency (40) and the signals of the second mode of operation are derived by standard divisions by integer divisions; / or multipliers from the signals provided by the first mode of operation at standard frequency. A method according to claim 1 for deriving signals at standard frequency required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as modulation and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus, whose operating state is GSM / DCS and broadband TDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 26 Mhz and derived from it the following frequencies with the following integer divisions: 20/1875/2/2/2/8 -> 216,667 Hz (58) / 1875/2/2/2 -> 1,733 kHz (57) / 1875/2/2 -> 3,467 kHz (56) / 1875/2 -> 6,933 kHz (55) / 1875 -> 13,867 kHz (54) 25/130 -> 200 kHz (50) / 96 - > 270,833 kHz (53) / 80 -> 325 kHz (52) / 10 -> 2.6 MHz (51). 30 The method of claim 1 for deriving standard frequency signals required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as modulation and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose operating state is GSM / DCS and broadband TDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) ) is 13 Mhz and derived from it the following frequencies with the following integer divisions: / 1875/2/2/8 -> 216,667 Hz (68) / 1875/2/2 -> 1,733 kHz (67) 102122/1875 / 2 -> 3,467 kHz (66) / 1875 -> 6,933 kHz (65) / 65 -> 200 kHz (60) / 48 -> 270,833 kHz (63) 5/40 -> 325 kHz (62) / 5 -> 2 , 6 MHz (61). 4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the method, the frequency 13,867 kHz is derived from the reference frequency with integer division / 1875 (65) and doubling multiplier (64). The method of claim 1 for deriving signals of standard power required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as modulation and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose operating condition is The method of claim 1 for deriving signals at standard frequency required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as modulation and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose operating state is GSM / DCS and broadband TDMA, characterized in that reference frequency is 13 Mhz and derived from it the following frequencies with the following integer divisions: 35/750/2/5/8 -> 216,667 Hz (87) / 750/2/5 -> 1,733 kHz (86) / 750/2 -> 8.667 kHz (85) / 750 -> 17.333 kHz (84) 102122/65 -> 200 kHz (80) / 48 -> 270.833 kHz (83) / 40 -> 325 kHz (82) 15 -> 2.6 MHz ( 81). 5 The method of claim 1 for deriving standard frequency signals required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as spreading, modulating and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose function permits are GSM / DCS and broadband CDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 13 Mhz and that the following frequencies are derived with the following integer divisions: / 2/3750/8 -> 216,667 Hz (93) / 2/3750 -> 1,733 kHz (92) 15 / 2/24 -> 270,833 kHz (91) / 65/2000 -> 100 Hz (95) / 65 -> 200 kHz (94) / 3 -> 4.3333 MHz (96) 20 and with at least one of the following integer divisions at least one of the following frequencies (97): / 3/4 -> 1083,333 kHz / 3/8 -> 541,667 kHz 25/3/16 -> 270,833 kHz / 3/32 -> 135,417 kHz / 3/64 -> 67,708 kHz / 3/128 -> 33,854 kHz / 3/255 -> 16,993 kHz 30/3/256 -> 16,927 kHz. The method of claim 1 for deriving standard frequency signals required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as spreading, modulating and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose functional state is GSM / DCS and broadband CDMA. , characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 26 Mhz and that the following frequencies are derived with the following integer divisions: 102122/2/2/3750/8 -> 216,667 Hz (104) / 2/2/3750 -> 1,733 kHz (103) / 2/2/24 -> 270,833 kHz (102) / 2/65/2000 -> 100 Hz (106) 5/2/65 -> 200 kHz (105) / 5 -> 5.2 MHz (107) and with at least one of the following integer divisions, at least one of the following frequencies (108): 10/5/4 -> 1300 kHz / 5/8 -> 650 kHz / 5/16 -> 325 kHz / 5/32 -> 162.5 kHz 15/5/64 -> 81.25 kHz / 5/128 -> 40,625 kHz / 5/255 -> 20,392 kHz / 5/256 -> 20,3125 kHz. 20 A method according to claim 1 for deriving signals of standard power required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as spreading, modulating and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose function state is GSM / DCS and broadband CDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 26 Mhz and that the following frequencies are derived with the following integer divisions: / 2/2/3750/8 -> 216,667 Hz (114) / 2/2/3750 -> 1,733 kHz (113) / 2/2/24 -> 270,833 kHz (112) 30/2/65/2000 -> 100 Hz (116) \ / 2/65 -> 200 kHz (115) / 6 -> 4,3333 MHz (117) and with at least one of the following integer divisions, at least one of the following frequencies (118): / 6/4 -> 1083,333 kHz / 6/8 -> 541,667 kHz 102122/6/16 -> 270,833 kHz / 6 / 32 -> 135,417 kHz / 6/64 -> 67,708 kHz / 6/128 -> 33,854 kHz 5/6/255 -> 16,993 kHz / 6/256 -> 16,927 kHz. The method of claim 1 for deriving signals at standard frequency required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as spreading, modulating and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio device whose function state is GSM / DCS, broadband TDMA and broadband CDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 39 Mhz and that the following frequencies are derived with the following integer divisions: 15/3/1875/2/2/8 -> 216,667 Hz (127) / 3/1875 / 2/2 -> 1,733 kHz (126) / 3/1875/2 -> 3,467 kHz (125) / 3/1875 -> 6,933 kHz (124) / 3/65 -> 200 kHz (130) 20/3 / 48 -> 270,833 kHz (128) / 3/5 -> 2.6 MHz (122) / 3/65/2000 -> 100 Hz (131) / 2/2/2 -> 4.875 MHz (136) / 2 / 2 -> 9.75 MHz (134) 25/2 -> 19.5 MHz (133) and at least one of the following frequencies (135, 137, 138) with at least one of the following integer divisions: 30/2/2/255 - > 38.235294 kHz / 2/2/511 -> 19.080235 kHz / 2/2/2/2 -> 2.4375 MHz / 2/2/2/4 -> 1.21875 MHz / 2/2 / 2/8 -> 609, 375 kHz 35/2/2/2/16 -> 304.6875 kHz / 2/2/2/32 -> 152.33475 kHz 102122/2/2/2/64 -> 76.171875 kHz / 2/2 / 2/128 -> 38.085938 kHz / 2/2/2/256 -> 19.042969 kHz. 5 11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that in the process the frequency 13,867 kHz is also derived from the reference frequency with integer division / 3/1875 (124) and with doubling multiplier (123). Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, in the process 10, the following frequencies are derived from the reference frequency with the following integer divisions: / 3/6 -> 2.166667 MHz (132) / 9 -> 4.333 MHz (120). 15 The method of claim 1 for deriving standard frequency signals required by bit, symbol, burst and frame synchronization as well as spreading, modulating and carrier frequency references in a multi-mode radio apparatus whose function permits are GSM / DCS, broadband TDMA and broadband CDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 26 Mhz and that the following frequencies are derived with the following integer divisions: / 2/1875/2/2/8 -> 216,667 Hz (147) / 2/1875/2 / 2 -> 1,733 kHz (146) 25/2/1875/2 -> 3,467 kHz (145) / 2/1875 -> 6,933 kHz (144) / 2/65 -> 200 kHz (148) / 2/3/16 -> 270,833 kHz (151) / 1875 -> 13,867 kHz (142) 30/10 -> 2.6 MHz (141) / 2/65/2000 -> 100 Hz (149) / 5 -> 5.2 MHz ( 153) and at least one of the following frequencies (154) with at least one of the following integer divisions: 102122/5/4 -> 1300 kHz / 5/8 -> 650 kHz / 5/16 -> 325 kHz / 5/32 -> 162.5 kHz 5/5 / 64 -> 81.25 kHz / 5/128 -> 40,625 kHz / 5/256 -> 20,3125 kHz / 5/255 -> 20 , 392157 kHz. 10 Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the method further derives the following frequencies from the reference frequency with the following integer divisions: / 2/3/2 -> 2.166667 MHz (152) / 6 -> 4.333 MHz (140). 15 A reference synchronization coupling for generating signals at standard frequency in a multi-mode radio apparatus, whose mode of operation includes a first mode of operation corresponding to the function of a second generation digital cellular radio system, and a second mode of operation, characterized in that it comprises a reference frequency oscillator (40) as well as integer divisors and / or multipliers to derive signals at standard frequency that are assumed by all modes of operation from the common reference frequency generated by the reference frequency oscillator. GSM / DCS and broadband TDMA, characterized in that said reference frequency (40) is 13 Mhz and that the following frequencies are derived with the following integer divisions: / 625/2/2/3/8 -> 216,667 Hz (78) 20 / 625/2/2/3 -> 1.733 kHz (77) / 625/2/2 -> 5.2 kHz (76) / 625/2 -> 10.4 kHz (75) / 625 -> 20.8 kHz (74) / 65 -> 200 kHz (70) 25/48 -> 270,833 kHz (73) / 40 -> 325 kHz (72) / 5 -> 2.6 MHz (71). Base station apparatus in a cellular radio system, characterized in that it comprises at least a reference synchronization coupling according to claim 15. 17. A base station apparatus in a cellular radio system according to claim 16, characterized in that it is a multi-mode radio unit, whose operating state is a combination of the following: GSM / DCS, broadband TDMA, broadband CDMA. 30 The base station apparatus of a cell radio system, characterized in that it comprises at least one reference synchronization coupling according to claim 15. 19. A base station apparatus in a cellular radio system according to claim 18, characterized in that it is a multi-mode radio unit, whose operating state is a combination of the following: GSM / DCS, broadband TDMA, broadband CDMA.