ES2976092A1 - INSTALLATION, MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE AND FILTER FOR REDUCING TAR AND TOXIC COMPOUNDS IN TOBACCO (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation, manufacturing procedure and filter to reduce tar and toxic tobacco compounds. Installation (1) and manufacturing procedure of a filter (20) that reduces tar and toxic compounds from tobacco smoke, where said filter (20) comprises a primary membrane (M1) intended to be in intimate contact with a distal end of a tobacco column (T), and comprising a disc of impermeable or semipermeable material, cylindrical in shape, which is perforated by at least one hole (21) that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane (M1), in such a way that the perforated surface has a free passage section of between 0.2% and 30% of the total section of the primary membrane (M1), where the primary membrane (M1) is inseparably sealed with a distal end of a fibrous membrane (M3). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

INSTALLATION, MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE AND REDUCING FILTER

TAR AND TOXIC COMPOUNDS FROM TOBACCO

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention can be included within the technical field of cigarette filters, in particular combined filters and installations and processes for their manufacture. More specifically, the object of the invention relates to an installation, manufacturing process and filter as a final product, where the resulting filter comprises a primary membrane of impermeable or semipermeable material intended to be in intimate contact with one end of a tobacco column, which is perforated by at least one hole of specific dimensions that provide important advantages, and said primary membrane is inseparably sealed with the classic fibrous membrane of traditional filters.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Tobacco smoke contains more than 8000 chemical compounds [J.P. Schaller, D. Keller, L. Poget, P. Pratte, E. Kaelin, D. McHugh, G. Cudazzo, D. Smart, A.R. Tricker, L. Gautier, M. Yerly, R. Pires, S. Le Bouhellec, D. Ghoh, Hofer, I. García, E. Vanscheeuwijck, S. Maeder Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 2: Chemical Composition, Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Physical Properties of the Aerosol, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., (81) (2016), pp. S27-S47, DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.10.001] and more are being identified as different studies are completed and more sensitive analytical equipment becomes available. Many of them, in the order of 100 (Federal Register /Vol. 77 , No. 64 /Tuesday, April 3, 2012) are considered toxic and/or carcinogenic. Therefore, tobacco consumption represents a major public health problem worldwide, but it also represents an important business, which has generated since For many years there has been a huge conflict of interests, sociological, political, economic and scientific. Thus, both tobacco companies and numerous researchers are developing interesting research work aimed at reducing the toxicity of tobacco smoke, reduction of the doses inhaled by smokers, the development of new substitute products and even legal restrictions on additives, emissions and even their use.

All the components of cigarettes have been intensively studied, from paper, additives, tobacco and filters.

For example, the effect of paper permeability has been studied (“Effect of potassium inorganic and organic salts on the pyrolysis kinetics of cigarette paper” by Deqing Zao et al., (Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 102 (2013) 114-123). Self-extinguishing papers have been developed (e.g., that described in PCT/KR2009/003425).

Genetic modifications of tobacco have been studied to reduce the generation of nicotine and tars (WHO study group on tobacco product regulation, Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulations: Fifth report of a WHO group study, ISBN 97892241209892, 2015), as well as the use of additives or catalysts capable of reducing the emission of toxic products (Reduction of tobacco smoke components yield in commercial cigarette brands by addition of HUSY, NaY and Al-MCM-41 to the cigarette rod, A. Marcilla et al., Toxicology Reports (Open access), 2 (2015b) 152-164), or tobacco-specific nitrosamines (J. Asensio, Doctoral thesis 2020, Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of nicotine and NNK and NNN, two tobacco-specific nitrosamines).

The effect produced by the interposition of an orifice in a steam stream has been known for a long time. The use of this system for the condensation of tar from tobacco smoke has also been known for some time, and numerous patents have been registered on the subject, ranging from the initial ones from the 1960s (Tamag Basel AG, Patent Specification 996,891 Date of Application and Filing Complete Specification April 12 1962 No. 14139/62 (Application made in Austria (N0. 2969) April 14, 1961 Filter Suitable for Cigarettes Cigars or Filter Cartridges) which involved the interposition of a perforated membrane in the smoke stream and which was placed between the conventional filter and the tobacco column, to more or less sophisticated systems that include special designs of mouthpieces to be placed after the conventional cigarette filter. These systems respond to later patents, although they use the same principle of the first patent, that is, passing the smoke stream through an orifice. As well as these systems, based on the same physical principle as the initial patent, they have been marketed and exist There are a number of very similar products on the market, based on the same concepts and including slight variations, all of them protected by their corresponding patent. There is no known product that uses exactly what is reflected in the aforementioned application.

Filters have been studied extensively, both in terms of their design and the materials they are made of. Cellulose acetate is the material that has been established and is the most widely used. Various configurations have been described that modify the path of smoke through the filter, where active substances are used, adsorbents capable of reducing the inhalation of tars, for example WO2008142420 and WO2008018617 where the active elements are on supports of granular materials.

Numerous special designs have been described, such as those that include concentric cylinders of adsorbent material inside the cellulose acetate filter; ventilated structures with different membranes (DE19924205658); or helix-shaped slots with adsorbents, (EA200401360). The hydrodynamics of the filtration process and the different mechanisms involved have also been studied in depth, thus developing highly effective systems such as the well-known “targard” system, protected by a large number of patents (for example: US3434480).

They all have, in addition, a common characteristic, which is their high cost, since they are plastic parts with a more or less complex design that includes more than one part. However, there is no record of any commercial system of the type described in the 1961 patent. This system could be much cheaper than those marketed later. The reason for this lack of presence on the market may be due to various causes. The main one could be the lack of a machine capable of manufacturing these filters that incorporate these membranes, which, together with the increased resistance to smoking that this obstacle represents in the main flow of smoke, has prevented this product from reaching the market.

The main reason for the absence of a product of this type on the market could be the difficulty of adapting conventional filter manufacturing machines to incorporate it, which are not designed to incorporate this type of membrane in conventional filters or in cigarettes. This difficulty could be overcome by RYO or MYO tobacco users, who could incorporate them manually when making their cigarettes, but this obviously represents a serious handicap for their commercialization.

Numerous patents have subsequently appeared claiming that smoking strength is maintained with increasing number of puffs (e.g. EP 0364256 A1 of 19899 by Liew, Tow Pin of Rothmans International Tobacco (UK) Limited, Cigarette filter rod elements and cigarettes incorporationg such filter rod elements). However, none of these have been translated into a commercial product and their costs are high.

An interesting study, “The intractable cigarette ‘filter problem” (by B Harris, Tobacco Control, 2011 20 suppl 1, i10-i16) analyses the history and problems of filters and highlights the existence of a conflict of interests. In addition to the technical difficulties in their design, the strategies of the different actors, tobacco companies, authorities, etc., are addressed, as well as the cost problem in many of the most sophisticated designs. All the solutions adopted have possible advantages and disadvantages and the effectiveness of cellulose acetate filters, which are the most popular commercially, is concluded, as well as the efficiency of ventilation in them. Nevertheless, this article shows that the problem is still unsolved, so new solutions need to be developed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention aims at solving at least one of the drawbacks of the state of the art. More particularly, a first aspect of the present invention describes a filter comprising a primary membrane intended to be in intimate contact with a distal end of a tobacco column, and comprising a disk of impermeable or semipermeable material, cylindrical in shape, which is perforated by at least one hole that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane, such that the perforated surface has a free passage section of between 0.2% and 30% of the total section of the primary membrane, where the primary membrane is inseparably sealed with a distal end of a fibrous membrane.

Furthermore, the filter may be elongated and provided with two primary membranes which are inseparably joined to both ends of the fibrous membrane which in turn comprises a weakened section so that a user can manually or instrumentally cut through said weakened section. Thus, each of these elongated filters would represent two filters ready for use, for example, in roll-your-own tobacco, each of them in contact with separate tobacco columns. They may also be used in conventional cigarette making machines.

A second aspect of the present invention relates to an installation for manufacturing this type of filters, comprising:

- a mould comprising a base and a housing part which in turn comprises one or more through openings defining one or more compartments, - a sheet with an adhesive face intended to come into intimate contact with the distal end of the fibrous membrane, and

- a die-cutting press configured to press the sheet onto the upper surface of the housing part and onto the distal ends of the fibrous membranes introduced into the compartments, such that, upon pressing, the sheet is inseparably sealed with the distal end of the fibrous membrane.

Preferably, the one or more through openings in an upper surface of the housing part comprise ribs around the perimeter delimited by the openings, said ribs provided with an edge, of a configuration such that, when the base is placed under the housing part and a fibrous membrane is introduced into the compartment, the distal end of the fibrous membrane is introduced and positioned flush with the edge of the ribs.

For the introduction of the filters into the compartments of the mould housing part, the installation may be provided with a filter loading part comprising a plurality of feed channels which are concentric to the through openings when the filter loading part is placed or coupled on top of the mould. Note that the filter loading part may have a perimeter configuration similar or equal to that of the housing part.

The filter loading part can be coupled by means of coupling elements arranged in such a way that when coupling the feed channels they are aligned and centered concentrically to the compartments.

There are multiple options for applying the necessary hole of the product filter with the necessary dimensions and that penetrates the primary membrane that is the final result of the adhesive sheet once it has been die-cut and sealed on the fibrous membrane. For example, the sheet can have holes with a surface of between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane, said holes made in order to coincide with the through openings when the sheet is placed on the housing piece, before pressing, such that when pressing the sheet on the distal end of the fibrous membrane, a plurality of filters are simultaneously manufactured provided with a primary membrane sealed inseparably with a distal end of a fibrous membrane with a hole that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane.

In another embodiment, by way of example, the extraction piece may be provided with spikes on the projections that extend from a distal portion of said projections, where said spikes have a cross-sectional or cutting surface that is between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross-section of the fibrous membrane, such that, simultaneously with the extraction of the fibrous membranes already inseparably joined with the main membranes, the hole is perforated giving rise to the filters described above. The spikes may be concentric to the compartments, or may include more than one asymmetric spike in order to perforate more than one hole with the dimensions described above (between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross-section of the fibrous membrane).

Preferably, the installation comprises a conveyor belt provided with a feeding station provided with the filter loading part for positioning and introducing the fibrous membranes into the housing part, a press station where the press is arranged.

In addition, the installation may have a scrubbing station equipped with extraction elements that remove the residual film portion on the upper surface of the housing part after pressing and sealing the film on the fibrous membranes. Note that, it may also include a hole punching station or this punching may be included in an extraction station using the extraction part.

A third aspect of the present invention relates to a manufacturing process for any of the filters described above, which comprises the steps of:

a. ) introducing a plurality of fibrous membranes into compartments of a mould, where said compartments are configured to receive and house each of the fibrous membranes flush with each other,

b. ) placing a sheet with an adhesive face in intimate contact with the distal end of the fibrous membranes that are introduced into the compartments of the mold, c. ) pressing, using a press, the sheet that is arranged adjacent to the mold and in intimate contact with the fibrous membranes, thus inseparably sealing the fibrous membrane with contact portions of the sheet that are in contact with the distal end of the fibrous membranes.

The method may comprise an additional step comprising removing the fibrous membranes sealed to the sheets from the mould, and simultaneously with the removal drilling holes in the portion of the sheet that has been sealed to the fibrous membrane, said holes having a cross section of between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane, thereby removing a plurality of filters with a fibrous sheet inseparably sealed to a main membrane comprising the hole.

Alternatively, the method may comprise a step in which holes are made in the sheet prior to pressing. The holes may be concentric to the cross section of the fibrous membrane, may be one non-concentric hole, or may be more than one arranged asymmetrically with respect to the cross section of the fibrous membrane.

If the final product is to be produced as elongated filters with a weakened intermediate section intended to be cut by the smoker, the process also includes the following steps:

d. ) reintroducing the fibrous membranes in a direction opposite to that of step a.) into the mold compartments, where said compartments are configured to receive and house flush with each of the fibrous membranes, e. ) placing a sheet with an adhesive face in intimate contact with the proximal end of the fibrous membranes that are introduced into the mold compartments,

f. ) pressing using a press, the sheet that is arranged adjacent to the mold and in intimate contact with the proximal end of the fibrous membranes, thus inseparably sealing the distal proximal end of the fibrous membrane with contact portions of the sheet.

As for the creation of the holes in the main membranes, these can be drilled before pressing or during extraction, in any of the embodiments mentioned above, in this case, by drilling both ends or with sheets that already have the holes in the desired location before pressing/sealing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description being made and in order to assist in a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of its practical implementation, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description, in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1a.- Shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the filter that reduces tars and toxic compounds from tobacco smoke according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 1b.- Shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of the filter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the filter manufacturing facility, where the mold, the sheet, the press, the extractor piece, among others, are illustrated.

Figure 3.- Shows a sectional view of the mold, the press and the extractor piece according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1a shows a perspective view of the filter (20) for reducing tars and toxic compounds from tobacco smoke, object of the present invention, comprising a primary membrane (M1) intended to be in intimate contact with a distal end of a tobacco column (T), and comprising a disk of impermeable or semipermeable material, cylindrical in shape, which is perforated by at least one hole (21) that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane (M1), such that the perforated surface has a free passage section of between 0.2% and 30% of the total section of the primary membrane (M1), where the primary membrane (M1) is inseparably sealed with a distal end of a fibrous membrane (M3).

Figure 1b comprises a filter according to the present invention, of the type further comprising a secondary membrane (M2) inseparably attached to the opposite end of the fibrous membrane (M3) which in turn comprises a weakened section for a user to cut through said weakened section.

The filter (20) of Figure 1b, can also be an intermediate product of the process that will be described later, which comprises cutting the fibrous membrane (M3) in half, generating two filters (20) of the type represented in Figure 1a, said filters (20) ready to be used by the user or smoker, or in conventional cigarette making machines.

Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing installation (1) of any of the filters (20) of Figure 1a or 1b.

More particularly, according to the preferred embodiment of Figure 2, the installation comprises a conveyor belt (2) provided with a feeding station (15) provided with a filter loading part (13) for positioning and introducing the fibrous membranes (M3) into the housing part (3), a press station (16) where the press (8) is arranged and a cleaning station provided with extraction elements, for example of the clamp type (not shown), which remove the portion of sheet (7) residual on the upper surface (17) of the housing part (3) (the one that has not been sealed), after pressing and sealing portions of the sheet (7) on the fibrous membranes (M3).

As shown in Figure 2, the object of the invention relates to a mould (4) comprising a base (11) and a housing part (3) comprising one or more through openings (5) defining one or more compartments, a sheet (7) with an adhesive face configured to come into intimate contact with the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3), and a die-cutting press (8) configured to press the sheet (7) onto the upper surface (17) of the housing part (3) and onto the distal ends of the fibrous membranes (M3) introduced into the compartments, such that, upon pressing, the sheet (7) is inseparably sealed with the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3).

Likewise, Figure 2 also shows a filter loading part (13) comprising a plurality of feed channels (14) that are concentric to the through openings (5) when the filter loading part (13) is placed or coupled on top of the mold (4).

In the preferred embodiment of Figure 2, the sheet (7) is perforated with one or more holes per compartment, so it comprises one or more holes per compartment that have already been perforated before pressing, said holes with a surface of between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane (M3). The holes can be configured to coincide with the through openings when the sheet is placed on the housing piece, such that when pressing the sheet on the distal end of the fibrous membrane, a plurality of filters are simultaneously manufactured, provided with a primary membrane (M1) sealed inseparably with a distal end of a fibrous membrane (M3) with a hole (21) that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane (M1). Alternatively, it can have more than one hole that may not be concentric, and may be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically with respect to the cross surface of the fibrous membrane (M3).

Figure 3 shows in more detail that, in a preferred embodiment, the one or more through openings (5) in an upper surface (17) of the housing part (3) comprise ribs (6) provided with an edge (12), of a configuration such that, when the base (11) is placed under the housing part (3) and a fibrous membrane (M3) is introduced into the compartment, the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3) is introduced and positioned flush with the edge (12) of the ribs (6),

Likewise, Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the extractor piece (9), which comprises projections (10) with spikes (19) concentric to the projections (10) that extend from a distal portion of said projections (10), where said spikes (19) have a transverse or cutting surface that is between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane (M1), such that, simultaneously with the extraction of the fibrous membranes (M3) already inseparably joined with the primary membranes (M1), the hole (21) is perforated giving rise to the filters (20).

EXAMPLES

To illustrate the effect of these membranes, as well as the possible methods of manufacture and use, various smoking experiments were carried out with 3R4F tobacco from the University of Kentucky. The conditioning and smoking conditions described in ISO 3308 were used for both the reference cigarettes and those using the different membranes in the examples. To prepare the cigarettes, the tobacco was emptied from the 3R4F cigarettes. The same 3R4F tubes were always used, with the filters described incorporated, either the filters themselves (which were removed and re-inserted) or the filters including the corresponding membrane (M1). A smoking machine was used that complied with the specifications of ISO 3308. The gases obtained were analysed, as well as the composition of the condensed matter in Cambridge filters placed after the filters studied, which corresponds to the tars that the smoker would inhale. Various experiments have been carried out with membranes made of paper, cardboard and 2 mm thick EVA foam boards, all of them obtained by die-cutting and placed in the appropriate position in the 3R4F cigarette tubes, as well as with membranes obtained by surface fusion of the end of the filter in contact with the tobacco and subsequent perforation, by deposition of a film of a cellulose acetate solution on the same end of the filter and subsequent perforation, by painting with acrylic paint and subsequent perforation, as well as other realizations. All of them have provided the same results depending on the diameter of the holes, so only some of them are presented.

In all cases, 15 cigarettes were smoked following the specifications of the ISO 3308 standard (2 s puffs, 35 mL inhalation volume, 60 s puff frequency and pressure loss in the puff less than 300 Pa, up to 4 mm of the filter is smoked). All samples generated pressure losses lower than those specified.

Cigarettes are conditioned at room temperature and 60% relative humidity, keeping them in a desiccator provided with a saturated solution of sodium nitrite, for at least 48 hours before being smoked.

Condensable products retained in the trap after the filter are extracted with 2-propanol, ensuring that all compounds retained in the trap are recovered. The extract is then dried with sodium sulphate and reserved for subsequent GC analysis.

The determination of the CO and CO2 content in the non-condensable fraction is carried out by GC, using a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) and a CTRI concentric column, in a SHIMADZU GC-14A equipment, using a calibration with external standards. The quantification has been carried out by calculating the response factor.

The compounds present in the condensed fraction are analyzed by GC with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS), using an HP-5MS column.

Compounds have been identified using the Wiley MS library.

Below we will describe some exemplary realizations of the results of using this type of system in smoking experiments.

Realization 1

The first example shows the result of using a membrane consisting of an 8 mm diameter filter cardboard circle with a 1 mm diameter perforation. This primary membrane is placed between the tobacco column (T) and the 8 mm diameter and 17 mm long cellulose acetate filter of the 3R4F cigarettes.

Significant tar condensation occurs immediately after the hole. The end of the conventional filter in contact with the smoker is considerably less dirty than if the perforated membrane were not used. Table 1 shows the nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide collected in the gas stream and in the condensed matter in the Cambridge filter located downstream of the cigarette, as well as that of a series of major compounds in the chromatogram corresponding to the gases and the condensed products. The perforated membrane has generated a reduction of around 57% in nicotine and tar. In the case of CO and other compounds present in the gases, the reduction obtained is less.

Table 1. Reductions obtained by using the 8mm diameter perforated cardboard membrane with a 1mm diameter hole and conventional filter (MF), compared to the use of only the conventional filter (F). (Reduction=100x(product mass using F-product mass using MF)/product mass using F)

Realization 2

Cigarettes have been smoked using filters of the same type as those described in the first embodiment but with holes of different diameters (0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1 mm). It has been observed that the reductions increase as the diameter of the hole decreases, but the pressure loss increases considerably, so it would not be feasible to use a single perforation of less than 0.9 mm in diameter. An increase in the number of holes of the same diameter has also been tested, and it has been found that the reductions decrease as the number of them increases.

Table 2. Reductions (%) obtained with filters with membranes with a hole of 0.8, 0.9, 1 and 1.1 mm.

Realization 3

Modified filters for the inclusion of the perforated membrane have been prepared by two procedures. The first of these has been carried out in a prototype machine that includes a mould where the filter is positioned, a hot plate with controlled temperature that allows partial fusion of the filter material and a tool that allows the perforation of the molten layer. Another alternative procedure has consisted of the preparation of a concentrated solution of cellulose acetate in acetone, the impregnation of one of the external surfaces of the filter with said concentrated solution and the subsequent evaporation of the solvent, to generate the impermeable film (membrane). The membrane has subsequently been perforated with the tool described above. The results obtained with these filters, which include the membrane with a 1 mm hole, have been completely analogous to those described in embodiment 1. This system has the additional advantage that the membrane is inseparable from the filter, which is a very important aspect for the user, allows the mass production of these filters and is the main advance of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A filter (20) comprising a primary membrane (M1) intended to be in intimate contact with a distal end of a tobacco column (T), and comprising a disc of impermeable or semipermeable material, of cylindrical shape, which is perforated by at least one hole (21) that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane (M1), such that the perforated surface has a free passage section of between 0.2% and 30% of the total section of the primary membrane (M1), where the primary membrane (M1) is inseparably sealed with a distal end of a fibrous membrane (M3). 2. The filter (20) of claim 1, wherein two primary membranes (M1) are inseparably attached to both ends of the fibrous membrane (M3) which in turn comprises a weakened section for a user to cut through said weakened section. 3. - Manufacturing plant (1) for filters of any one of claims 1 or 2, comprising: - a mould (4) comprising a base (11) and a housing part (3) comprising one or more through openings (5) defining one or more compartments, the one or more through openings (5) in an upper surface (17) of the housing part (3) comprising ribs (6) provided with an edge (12), of such a configuration that, when the base (11) is placed under the housing part (3) and a fibrous membrane (M3) is introduced into the compartment, the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3) is introduced and positioned flush with the edge (12) of the ribs (6), - a sheet (7) with an adhesive face configured to come into intimate contact with the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3), - a die-cutting press (8) configured to press the sheet (7) onto the upper surface (17) of the housing part (3) and onto the distal ends of the fibrous membranes (M3) introduced into the compartments, such that, upon pressing, the sheet (7) is inseparably sealed with the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3). 4. - The installation of claim 3, comprising an extraction piece (9) provided with a plurality of projections (10) that, in use, are introduced at least in part into the compartments defined by the through openings (5). 5. - The installation of claim 3, comprising a filter loading part (13) comprising a plurality of feed channels (14) that are concentric to the through openings (5) when the filter loading part (13) is placed or coupled on top of the mold (4). 6. - The installation according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a conveyor belt (2) provided with a feeding station (15) provided with a filter loading part (13) for positioning and introducing the fibrous membranes (M3) into the housing part (3), a press station (16) where the press (8) is arranged. 7. The installation of claim 6, further comprising a scrubbing station provided with extraction elements that remove the residual sheet portion (7) on the upper surface (17) of the housing part (5) after pressing and sealing the sheet (7) on the fibrous membranes (M3). 8. - The installation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sheet comprises holes with a surface of between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane (M1), where said holes are configured to be coincident with the through openings when the sheet is placed on the housing piece, such that when pressing the sheet on the distal end of the fibrous membrane (M3), a plurality of filters (20) are simultaneously manufactured, provided with a primary membrane (M1) inseparably sealed with a distal end of a fibrous membrane (M3) with a hole (21) that passes through it in a direction perpendicular to the cross section of the primary membrane (M1). 9. - The installation of claim 4, wherein the extraction piece (9) comprises spikes (19) concentric to the projections (10) that extend from a distal portion of said projections (10), where said spikes (19) have a transverse or cutting surface that is between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane (M3), such that, simultaneously with the extraction of the fibrous membranes (M3) already inseparably joined with the primary membranes (M1), the hole (21) is perforated giving rise to the filters (20). 10. - Process for manufacturing the filters of any one of claims 1 or 2, comprising the steps of: a.) introducing a plurality of fibrous membranes (M3) into the compartments of a mould (4), where said compartments are configured to receive and house each of the fibrous membranes (M3) flush with each other, b. ) placing a sheet (7) with an adhesive face in intimate contact with the distal end of the fibrous membranes (M3) that are introduced into the compartments of the mould (4), c. ) pressing using a press (8), the sheet that is arranged adjacent to the mould and in intimate contact with the fibrous membranes (M3), thus inseparably sealing the fibrous membrane (M3) with contact portions of the sheet (7). 11. The method of claim 10, comprising removing from the mold (4) the fibrous membranes (M3) sealed to the sheets (7) using an extraction piece (9) with projections (10) comprising spikes (19), and simultaneously with the extraction thereof, perforating holes in the portion of sheet (7) that has been sealed to the fibrous membrane (M3), said holes having a section of between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane (M3), thus removing a plurality of filters with a fibrous sheet (M3) inseparably sealed with a primary membrane (M1) comprising the hole (21). 12. - The method of claim 10, further comprising drilling holes in the sheet (7) before step c.), wherein said holes are concentric to the compartments and have a section between 0.2% and 30% of the total cross section of the fibrous membrane (M3). 13. - The method of claim 10, further comprising: d. ) reintroducing the fibrous membranes (M3) in a direction opposite to that of step a.) into the mould compartments (4), where said compartments are configured to receive and house flush with each of the fibrous membranes (M3), e. ) placing a sheet (7) with an adhesive face in intimate contact with the proximal end of the fibrous membranes (M3) that are introduced into the compartments of the mold (3), f. ) pressing using a press (8), the sheet that is arranged adjacent to the mold and in intimate contact with the proximal end of the fibrous membranes (M3), thus inseparably sealing the distal proximal of the fibrous membrane (M3) with contact portions of the sheet (7).