ES2964157T3 - Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition and method of operating said refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a mixed refrigerant that combines: a refrigeration capacity equivalent to that of R410A; a sufficiently low GWP; and low flammability (class 2L) according to ASHRAE standards. A composition containing a refrigerant is provided, wherein the refrigerant includes trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132 (E)), difluoromethane (R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene ( R1234yf). . In a three-component composition diagram in which the total amount of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass, the coordinates (x, y, z), where x, y and z are respectively the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf with respect to the total amount of them in the refrigerant, are located within a figure enclosed by the line segments AC, CF, FD and DA that connect the four points of the point A (71.1, 0.0, 28.9), point C (36.5, 18.2, 45.3), point F (47.6, 18.3, 34.1) and point D (72.0, 0.0, 28.0), or located on the line segments, where the line component AC is represented by the coordinates (0.0181y2-2.2288y+71.096, y, -0.0181y2+1.2288y +28.904), the linear component FD is represented by the coordinates (0.02y2-1.7y+72, y, -0.02y2+0.7y+ 28), and the linear components CF and DA are straight lines. (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Composition containing refrigerant, use of said composition, refrigerator having said composition and method of operating said refrigerator

Technical field

The present description relates to a composition comprising a refrigerant, to the use of the composition, to a refrigeration machine having the composition and to a method of operating the refrigeration machine.

Background of the technique

R410A is currently used as an air conditioning refrigerant for household air conditioners, etc. R410A is a two-component mixed refrigerant of difluoromethane (CH<2>F<2>: HFC-32 or R32) and pentafluoroethane (C<2>HF<5>: HFC-125 or R125), and is a composition pseudoazeotropic.

However, the global warming potential (GWP) of R410A is 2088. Due to growing concerns about global warming, R32, which has a GWP of 675, has been increasingly used.

For this reason, several low-GWP mixed refrigerants have been proposed that can replace R410A (PTL 1). PTL 2 refers to a refrigerant working medium comprising (E)-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132). In one embodiment, a ternary composition comprising (E)-HFO-1132, HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf is described.

Appointment list

Patent bibliography

PTL 1: Document WO2015/186557

PTL 2: JP Document 2015-229767 A

Compendium of invention

technical problem

The present inventors conducted an independent examination and conceived the idea that no prior art had developed refrigerant compositions having three types of performance; i.e., a cooling capacity (also called "cooling capacity" or "capacity") equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP, and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the American Society of Heating Engineers standard, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (ASHRAE). An object of the present description is to solve this unique problem.

The solution to the problem is provided in the claims.

Advantageous effects of the invention

The coolant according to the present description has three types of performance; that is, a refrigeration capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

Brief description of the drawing

Figure 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus used to measure burning rate.

Figure 2 is a view showing points A to C, E, G and I to W; and line segments connecting points A to C, E, G, and I to W in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and R1234yf is 100% by mass.

Description of realizations

The present inventors carried out intensive studies to solve the above problem and consequently found that a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (HFC-32 or R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (HFO-1234yf or R1234yf) has the properties described above. The present description has been completed as a result of additional research based on this finding. The present description includes the following embodiments.

Definition of terms

As used herein, the term "refrigerant" includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization) and that are assigned a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) that represents the type of refrigerant with "R" at the beginning; and also includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those refrigerants, even if they have not yet been given a refrigerant number. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Non-fluorocarbon compounds include propane (R290), propylene (R1270), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), carbon dioxide (R744), ammonia (R717) and the like.

In the present specification, the phrase "composition comprising a refrigerant" includes at least (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigeration machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigeration machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, composition (2) is called "refrigerant composition" to distinguish it from the refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). In addition, the working fluid for a refrigeration machine (3) is called "refrigeration oil-containing working fluid" to distinguish it from "refrigerant composition".

In this specification, when the term "alternative" is used in a context where the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of "alternative" means that equipment designed to operate using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant in optimal conditions, optionally with changes of only some parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, filler, expansion valve, dryer and other parts) and adjustment of the equipment. That is, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of "alternative" include "immediate alternative", "near immediate alternative" and "retrofit", in the order in which it is determined that the extent of changes and adjustments necessary to replace the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

The term "alternative" also includes a second type of "alternative", which means that equipment designed to operate using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

In this specification, the term "refrigeration machine" refers to machines in general that extract heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the ambient air temperature and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigeration machines refer to conversion machines that obtain energy from outside to do work and that perform energy conversion to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

In this specification, a refrigerant that has a "lower flammability WCF" means that the most flammable composition (worst case formulation for flammability: WCF) has a burning speed of 10 cm/s or less according to the standard 34-2013 of US ANSI/ASHRAE Additionally, in this specification, a refrigerant having "ASHRAE lower flammability" means that the burning rate of WCF is less than 10 cm/s, which is the composition of the most flammable fraction ( worst case flammability fractionation: WCFF), which is specified by leak testing during storage, shipping, or use in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013 using WCF, has a burn velocity of 10 cm/s or less and that classification flammability per US ANSI/ASHRAE 34-2013. It is determined to be classified as "Class 2L".

1. Coolant

1.1 Refrigerant component

The refrigerant according to the present description is a mixed refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (R32) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf).

The refrigerant according to the present description has various properties that are desirable as an alternative refrigerant to R410A; that is, a refrigeration capacity equivalent to that of R410A, a sufficiently low GWP and a lower flammability (Class 2L) according to the ASHRAE standard.

The coolant according to the present description is a coolant wherein

when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf as a function of their sum is represented respectively by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO -1132(E), R32 and R1234yf are 100% by mass and are within the interval of a figure surrounded by the line segments ON, NU and UO connecting the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments;

the ON line segment is represented by the coordinates (0.0072y2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y2-0.3299y+62.488);

line segment NU is represented by the coordinates (0.0083y2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and

The line segment UO is a straight line. When the above requirements are met, the refrigerant according to this description has a cooling capacity ratio of 80% or more to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less, and a lower flammability according to ASHRAE.

The refrigerant according to the present description may further comprise other additional refrigerants in addition to HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, provided that the above properties and effects are not affected. In this regard, the refrigerant according to the present description preferably comprises HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in a total amount of 99.5% by mass or more, more preferably 99.75% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99.9% by mass or more based on all refrigerant.

Such additional coolants are not limited and can be selected from a wide range of coolants. The mixed refrigerant may comprise a single additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

1.2. Use

The refrigerant according to the present description can preferably be used as a working fluid in a refrigeration machine.

The composition according to the present description is used as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.

2. Coolant composition

The coolant composition according to the present description comprises at least the coolant according to the present description, and can be used for the same use as the coolant according to the present description. Furthermore, the refrigerant composition according to the present description can be further mixed with at least one refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigeration machine.

The coolant composition according to the present description further comprises at least one other component in addition to the coolant according to the present description. The coolant composition according to the present description may comprise at least one of the following components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present description is used as a working fluid in a refrigeration machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least one refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present description does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present description, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 0 to 1% by mass, and more preferably 0 to 0.1% by mass.

2.1. Water

The coolant composition according to the present description may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the coolant composition is preferably 0.1% by mass or less based on the entire coolant. A small amount of water contained in the coolant composition stabilizes the double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that may be present in the coolant, and makes the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds less likely to oxidize, thereby increasing the stability of the coolant composition. refrigerant.

2.2. Tracer

A tracer is added to the coolant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration so that when the coolant composition has been diluted, contaminated or has undergone other changes, the tracer can track the changes.

The coolant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer or two or more tracers.

The tracer is not limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used tracers. It is preferable that a compound that cannot be an impurity inevitably mixed with the coolant according to the present description is selected as a tracer.

Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and nitrous oxide (N<2>O). Particularly preferably, the tracer is a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon or a fluoroether.

Specifically, the following compounds are preferable as tracers.

FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF<4>)

HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH<3>CO

HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF<3>)

HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH<3>CO

HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF<3>CHF<2>)

HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CF<3>CH<2>F)

HFC-134 (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF<2>CHF<2>)

HFC-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane, CF<3>CH<3>)

HFC-143 (1,1,2-trifluoroethane, CHF<2>CH<2>F)

HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CHF<2>CH<3>)

HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH<2>FCH<2>F)

HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH<3>CH<2>F)

HFC-245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, CF<3>CH<2>CHF<2>)

HFC-236fa (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF<3>CH<2>CF<3>)

HFC-236ea (1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, CF<3>CHFCHF<2>)

HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, CF<3>CHFCF<3>)

HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHCF<2>)

HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH<2>ClF)

CFC-1113 (chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF<2>=CClF)

HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF<3>OCHF<2>)

HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF<3>OCH<2>F)

HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF3OCH3)

HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF<3>OCHFCF<3>)

HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF<3>OCH<2>CF<3>)

The tracer compound may be present in the coolant composition in a total concentration of about 10 parts per million by weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. The tracer compound is preferably present in the coolant composition in a total concentration of about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm, and most preferably about 50 ppm to about 300 ppm. 23. Ultraviolet fluorescent dye

The coolant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferably, the ultraviolet fluorescent dye is naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

2.4. Stabilizer

The coolant composition according to the present description may comprise a single stabilizer or two or more stabilizers.

The stabilizer is not limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used stabilizers.

Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers and amines.

Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitrobenzene and nitrostyrene.

Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

The content of the stabilizer is not limited. Generally, the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass, based on the entire refrigerant.

2.5. Polymerization inhibitor

The coolant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

The polymerization inhibitor is not limited and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and benzotriazole.

The content of the polymerization inhibitor is not limited. Generally, the content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 2% by mass, based on the entire coolant.

3. Working fluid containing refrigeration oil

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present description comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present description and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigeration machine. Specifically, the refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present description is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigeration machine with the refrigerant or refrigerant composition. The working fluid containing refrigeration oil generally comprises 10 to 50% by mass of refrigeration oil.

3.1. cooling oil

The composition according to the present description may comprise a single refrigeration oil, or two or more refrigeration oils.

The refrigeration oil is not limited and can be appropriately selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in terms of the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are appropriately selected as necessary.

The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferable, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (P), polyol esters (POE) and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

Refrigeration oil may also contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oiling agents and antifoaming agents. From a lubrication point of view, a refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 400 cSt at 40°C is preferable.

The working fluid containing refrigeration oil according to the present description may optionally further contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include the compatibilizing agents described below.

3.2. Compatibilizing agent

The refrigeration oil-containing working fluid according to the present description may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

The compatibilizing agent is not limited and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. Particularly preferably, the compatibilizing agent is a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

4. Method to operate a refrigeration machine

The method of operating a refrigerating machine according to the present description is a method of operating a refrigerating machine using the refrigerant according to the present description.

Specifically, the method of operating a refrigerating machine according to the present description comprises the step of circulating the refrigerant according to the present description in a refrigerating machine.

Embodiments have been described above; However, it will be understood that various changes can be made in the forms and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Examples

The present description is described in more detail below with reference to the Examples. However, the present description is not limited to the Examples.

The composition of each mixed refrigerant of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf was defined as WCF. A leak simulation was performed using the NIST REFLEAK Standard Reference Database Version 4.0 under the conditions of Equipment, Storage, Shipping, Leak and Recharge according to ASHRAE Standard 34-2013. The most flammable fraction was defined as WCFF.

A burn rate test was performed using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 as follows. First, the mixed refrigerants used were 99.5% pure or higher and were degassed by repeating a freeze, pump, and thaw cycle until no traces of air were observed on the vacuum gauge. The combustion rate was measured by the closed method. The initial temperature was room temperature. Ignition was performed by generating an electrical spark between the electrodes in the center of a sample cell. The duration of the discharge was 1.0 to 9.9 ms and the ignition energy was typically approximately 0.1 to 1.0 J. Flame propagation was visualized using Schlieren photographs. A cylindrical container (inner diameter: 155 mm, length: 198 mm) equipped with two acrylic light transmission windows was used as the sample cell, and a xenon lamp was used as the light source. Schlieren's images of the flame were recorded with a high-speed digital video camera at a frame rate of 600 fps and stored on a computer. Tables 1 to 3 show the results.

Table 3

The results indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, when the coordinates (x,y,z) in the diagram ternary composition shown in Fig. 2 in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass is on the line segment connecting point I, point J, point K and point L, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a lower flammability WCF.

The results also indicate that when the coordinates (x,y,z) in the ternary composition diagram shown in Fig. 2 are on the line segments connecting point M, point M', point W, point J, point N, and point P, or below these line segments, the refrigerant has a lower flammability according to Sh r Ae.

The mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf in the quantities (%) by mass shown in Tables 4 to 32 based on the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf. The Ratio of the coefficient of performance (COP) and the Ratio of the cooling capacity with respect to R410 of the mixed refrigerants shown in Tables 4 to 32 were determined. The conditions for the calculation were as described below.

Evaporation temperature: 5°C

Condensation temperature: 45°C

Superheat degree: 5K

Subcooling degree: 5K

Compressor efficiency: 70%

Tables 4 to 32 show these values along with the GWP of each mixed refrigerant.

Table 8

Table 9

Table 32

*examples marked with an asterisk (*) do not fall within the claimed scope

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, when the coordinates (x,y,z) in a diagram of ternary composition in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass is within the interval of a figure surrounded by line segments IJ, JN, NE and EI connecting the following 4 points:

point I (72.0, 0.0, 28.0),

point J (48.5, 18.3, 33.2),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point E (58.3, 0.0, 41.7),

or on these line segments (excluding points on line segment El),

line segment IJ is represented by coordinates (0.0236y2-1.7616y+72.0, y, -0.0236y2+0.7616 years 28.0),

the NE line segment is represented by the coordinates (0.012y2-1.9003y+58.3, y, -0.012y2+0.9003y+41.7), and

line segments JN and EI are straight lines, the refrigerant has a cooling capacity ratio of 80% or more to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less, and a lower WCF flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, when the coordinates (x,y,z) in a diagram of ternary composition in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass are within the interval of a figure surrounded by the line segments MM', M'N, NV, VG and GM that connect the following 5 points:

point M (52.6, 0.0, 47.4),

point M' (39.2, 5.0, 55.8),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1),

point V (11.0, 18.1,70.9), and

G-spot (39.6, 0.0, 60.4),

or on these line segments (excluding points on line segment GM),

the line segment MM' is represented by the coordinates (0.132y2-3.34 years+52.6, years, -0.132 years2+2.34 years 47.4),

the line segment M'N is represented by the coordinates (0.0596y2-2.2541y+48.98, y, -0.0596y2+1.2541 y+51.02),

the line segment VG is represented by the coordinates (0.0123y2-1.8033y+39.6, y, -0.0123y2+0.8033y+60.4), and

line segments NV and GM are straight lines, the refrigerant according to the present description has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 70% or more to R410A, a GWP of 125 or less and a lower flammability according to ASHRAE.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, when the coordinates (x,y,z) in a diagram of ternary composition in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass is within the interval of a figure surrounded by the line segments ON, NU and U<o>connecting the following 3 points:

point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6),

point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and

point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4),

or on these line segments,

the ON line segment is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y2-0.3299y+62.488),

line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365), and

line segment UO is a straight line, the refrigerant according to the present description has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 80% or more with respect to R410A, a GWP of 250 or less and a lower ASHRAE flammability.

The results also indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, when the coordinates (x,y,z) in a diagram of ternary composition in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass is within the interval of a figure surrounded by the line segments QR, RT, TL, LK and KQ that connect the next 5 points. : Q point (44.6, 23.0, 32.4),

point R (25.5, 36.8, 37.7),

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

point L (28.9, 51.7, 19.4), and

point K (35.6, 36.8, 27.6),

or on these line segments,

the QR line segment is represented by coordinates (0.0099y2-1.975y+84.765, y, -0.0099y2+0.975y+15.235),

the line segment RT is represented by the coordinates (0.0082y2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874),

line segment LK is represented by coordinates (0.0049y2-0.8842y+61.488, y, -0.0049y2-0.1158y+38.512),

line segment KQ is represented by the coordinates (0.0095y2-1.2222y+67.676, y, -0.0095y2+0.2222y+32.324), and

the line segment TL is a straight line, the refrigerant according to the present description has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 92.5% or more with respect to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less and a lower WCF flammability.

The results further indicate that under the condition that the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum is respectively represented by x, y and z, when the coordinates (x,y,z) in a diagram of ternary composition in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass is within the interval of a figure surrounded by the line segments PS, ST and TP connecting the following 3 points:

point P (20.5, 51.7, 27.8),

point S (21.9, 39.7, 38.4), and

point T (8.6, 51.6, 39.8),

or on these line segments,

line segment PS is represented by coordinates (0.0064y2-0.7103y+40.1, y, -0.0064y2-0.2897y+59.9),

the line segment ST is represented by the coordinates (0.0082y2-1.8683y+83.126, y, -0.0082y2+0.8683y+16.874), and

the line segment TP is a straight line, the refrigerant according to the present description has a refrigeration capacity ratio of 92.5% or more with respect to R410A, a GWP of 350 or less and a lower flammability according to ASHRAE.

Description of reference numbers

1: Sample cell

2: High speed camera

3: Xenon lamp

4: Collimator lens

5: Collimator lens

6: Ring filter

Claims (3)

1. Use of a composition comprising a refrigerant as an alternative refrigerant for R410A, comprising refrigerant HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf, wherein when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32 and R1234yf based on their sum in the refrigerant is represented respectively by x, y and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E),<r>32 and R1234yf is 100% by mass are within the interval of a figure surrounded by the line segments ON, NU and UO connecting the following 3 points: point O (22.6, 36.8, 40.6), point N (27.7, 18.2, 54.1), and point U (3.9, 36.7, 59.4), or on these line segments; line segment ON is represented by coordinates (0.0072y2-0.6701y+37.512, y, -0.0072y2-0.3299y+62.488); line segment NU is represented by coordinates (0.0083y2-1.7403y+56.635, y, -0.0083y2+0.7403y+43.365); and The line segment UO is a straight line. 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition is used as a working fluid for a refrigeration machine, wherein the composition further comprises a refrigeration oil. 3. A method of operating a refrigeration machine, comprising the step of circulating the composition as defined in claim 1 or 2 as a working fluid in a refrigeration machine and using the composition as an alternative refrigerant for R410A.