ES2909203T3 - locking device - Google Patents

Abstract

Locking device that can be switched between a locked state and a released state, comprising at least one switching device with a switching member (4, 12) adjustable between a locked position and a released position and an electromagnetic drive for regulating the switching member (4, 12), so that the locking device is in the locked state in the locked position of the switching member (4, 12) and in the released state in the released position of the switching member (4, 12), the electromagnetic drive having at least one induction coil (5, 5') and a permanent magnetic anchor (4, 14) movable back and forth between two extreme positions by the action of the induction coil (5, 5'), characterized in that the permanent magnetic anchor (4, 14) magnetically interacts in both end positions with one or, respectively, a ferromagnetic or magnetic element. or permanent, to retain the anchor (4, 14) in the respective final position.

Description

DESCRIPTION

locking device

The invention relates to a locking device that can be switched between a locked state and a released state, comprising at least one switching installation with a switching member adjustable between a locked position and a released position and an electromagnetic drive for the regulation of the switching member, so that the locking device is in the locking position of the switching member in the locking state and in the release state in the releasing position of the switching member, presenting the electromagnetic actuation of the switching member at least one induction coil and a permanent magnetic anchor that can be moved electromagnetically back and forth between two end positions by the action of the induction coil.

GB 2208678 A, US 2016017636 A1, as well as WO 2004067885 A1 show prior art closure devices.

The hitherto known technical locking devices are usually mechanical or electronic locking devices. Above all, mechanical devices, such as all kinds of door locks, padlocks or the like, have been known for a long time. The advantage of these constructions is the simple and inexpensive production with long-known technologies. An important drawback, however, is the sometimes insufficient security of said locks against unauthorized subsequent locking, as well as the set locking authorizations, which are difficult to change.

Electronic locking devices provide greater protection against unauthorized access and more flexible authorization assignment, since the locking information on such devices is encrypted and difficult to duplicate with known technologies, although it can be changed by authorized persons easily, for example, in a software. However, it is normally disadvantageous that complicated electronic and mechanical components are required for changing a switching member between a locking position and a release position in such technical locking devices and that a high power consumption occurs. Due to the generally complex structure of such electronic locking devices, the constructions are expensive in production and also often error-prone due to the large number of components.

To actuate a locking device, an actuating member, such as a handle, a latch, a key or the like, is usually provided, the movement of which is coupled directly or via intermediate switching of a coupling device to a locking member , such as a locking lug or a locking pin, for opening or closing a lock, the coupling facility engaging the actuating member with the locking facility typically only when an access authorization has been determined. In this connection, access authorization can be determined mechanically by inserting a suitable key or electronically by identification by means of an electronic code. Especially in the case of electronic locks, conventional coupling installations are complicated in structure and require maintenance, since the coupling members usually have to be driven by motors or other electromagnetic drives to move between an engaged and disengaged position. In addition, precautions must be taken against tampering of any kind, for example by the application of force, shock, or by means of strong magnets. Construction is normally very space demanding, so miniaturization is not easily possible.

The present invention aims to avoid the above mentioned disadvantages and to create a locking device that is economical in production and has less need for maintenance and higher locking security. In addition, the energy consumption required for the drive must be minimised.

The invention also aims to reduce the construction size in such a way that all the electrical and mechanical assemblies can be integrated into a technical closing device of the conventional type, such as a cylinder lock.

To solve this problem, the locking device of the mentioned type is essentially developed in such a way that the permanent magnetic anchor interacts magnetically in both end positions with one or one ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic element in order to hold the anchor in the respective end position.

Through the use of an electromagnetic drive, in which at least one induction coil magnetically attracts or repels an anchor moving forwards and backwards with corresponding current supply, the movement required for the switching movement in extremely low consumption mode is brought about. low, because only a short current pulse is required for movement. Due to the fact that the anchor is formed by a permanent magnet, a relatively weak magnetic field of the at least one induction coil may also suffice, which reduces energy consumption. The electromagnetic drive preferably has an open ferromagnetic circuit, such as an iron circuit. In another preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic drive does not have a separate ferromagnetic circuit, such as an iron circuit. In others In preferred embodiments, the permanent magnetic anchor may, but need not, reach the at least one induction coil. In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one induction coil can be configured as an air coil.

With conventional electromagnets, the power supply must be maintained to hold the anchor in a final position, which causes high power consumption. In contrast, according to the invention, the permanent magnetic anchor is held in the final position without current, the anchor magnetically interacting with a ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic element in the final position. In this connection, the ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic element is preferably arranged in such a way that it is in contact with the anchor as soon as the anchor reaches the final position.

A ferromagnetic or permanent magnet element is arranged in each of the two end positions, so that the anchor is held magnetically in both end positions without current flowing through the induction coil. In this way, a bistable switching device is created, which only requires a short current pulse to change the anchor from one end position to the other end position.

The at least one induction coil may preferably be arranged such that it encloses the anchor over at least a partial axial length of the anchor. Alternatively, the at least one induction coil can also be arranged in such a way that it is attached to the anchor in the direction of the anchor's forward and backward movement or is at least sufficiently located in its field of action. However, in all these cases provision is made for the geometric axis of the at least one induction coil to be aligned with the longitudinal axis of the armature, which extends in the direction of forward and backward movement. In this connection, it is preferably provided that no closed iron circuit is formed.

The permanent magnetic anchor is preferably polarized in the direction of its forward and backward motion, ie the north pole and south pole are at opposite end regions of the anchor with respect to forward and backward motion.

The permanent magnetic anchor may preferably have a square, rectangular, circular, triangular or elliptical cross-section.

If a single induction coil is provided, the desired direction of movement of the anchor can be achieved by proper biasing of the induction coil. If two induction coils are provided, as corresponds to a preferred configuration, in a further preferred embodiment a polarity reversal of the induction coils can be dispensed with in the event of a change of direction if one induction coil is responsible for the forward movement. forward and the other induction coil is responsible for the backward movement. However, in another preferred embodiment, one coil can respectively repel the anchor and the second attracts it at the same time. In this way, a greater force effect on the anchor is achieved, since a coil is very close to each of the two end positions and, due to the small distance, a high force effect can be developed. For the movement of the anchor in the opposite direction, both coils are reversed in polarity. The coils can also be controlled at different times.

In the case of two induction coils, these preferably enclose the two opposite end areas of the anchor or are arranged next to them.

The ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic elements provided for maintaining the final position of the anchor can preferably be arranged in or on the induction coil. In the case of two induction coils, provision can be made for each induction coil to have a ferromagnetic or permanent magnet element that defines the respective end position.

Preferably, the at least one induction coil is arranged stationary and the anchor is movably guided back and forth relative to the stationary induction coil. In this way, moving electrical contacts, such as sliding contacts, can be dispensed with.

The anchor is preferably made of a permanent magnetic material that has a high magnetic flux density. For example, the armature is configured as a neodymium-iron-boron (Nd2FeuB) magnet.

An advantage of the drive according to the invention lies in the small number of components and the resulting reliable mode of operation. Furthermore, due to the simple structure, miniaturization is possible, so that with a correspondingly small construction size an arrangement within the locking device becomes possible without having to exceed the specified construction size, for example, of a conventional lock cylinder. .

Furthermore, extremely short positioning times are possible with the drive according to the invention, so that particularly short locking and unlocking times are achieved.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the permanent magnetic anchor forms the switching member responsible of the switching of the locking device between a locked state and a released state. In this case, therefore, no separate switching member is provided, but rather the anchor takes over the function of the switching member.

However, the anchor material is mainly selected with respect to its permanent magnetic properties, so the anchor does not have sufficient mechanical stability for some application cases. Therefore, provision is preferably made for the switching member to be configured as a separate element from the permanent magnet anchor, with which the anchor interacts during actuation. The material of the anchor and the material of the switching member can be selected taking into account the respective requirements, that is, the material of the anchor with respect to permanent magnetic properties and the material of the switching member with respect to sufficient mechanical stability. In this case, the switching member may preferably be made of a ferromagnetic material.

According to another preferred embodiment, the switching member is movably guided along a straight adjustment path between the locking position and the release position. The translational movement of the switching member allows the back and forth movement of the anchor to be converted directly into a corresponding back and forth movement of the switching member. If the switching member is configured as a separate component of the anchor, it can be directly pushed in or out by the anchor, the necessary coupling of the anchor with the switching member being able to be effected by the magnetic force of the permanent magnet anchor.

In order to switch the locking device between the locking state and the released state with the aid of the switching device, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment that the locking device comprises two components, one of which is movable, in particular rotatable, relative to each other, and that the switching member joins the two components in the locking position or in the release position rigidly, in particular non-rotatably, and releases relative movement in the other position respectively.

Preferably, a particularly compact embodiment is achieved in this respect, with the electromagnetic drive of the switching member being accommodated in one of the two components. In particular, the electromagnetic drive, which comprises the at least one induction coil and the anchor, can be housed in a preferably cylindrical receptacle of one of the two components.

Provision is preferably made for the locking device to be configured as a lock cylinder with a lock cylinder housing and a cylinder core rotatably mounted in a recess of the lock cylinder housing.

In this case, the switching member can advantageously be configured as a locking pin, which non-rotatably connects the locking cylinder housing and the cylinder core in the locking position and retracts completely into the locking cylinder housing. or the cylinder core in the release position. In the non-rotatably attached state, actuation of the locking device is thereby prevented.

In a particularly structurally simple manner, provision can be made here for the locking pin to plunge into a recess in the locking cylinder housing starting from the cylinder core or into a recess in the locking position. of the cylinder core from the lock cylinder housing.

The switching member, in particular the locking pin, can serve in this connection to lock or release the movement of a locking member of the locking device, which is effected manually or by means of another drive.

Alternatively, the switching member, in particular the locking pin, can serve in this connection to lock or release the movement of an actuating element, such as a handle, of the locking device, which is effected manually or by means of another actuation.

In the case of locking devices, coupling facilities can be used which, for example, couple or uncouple an actuating element with the locking member. When the drive member is disengaged from the locking member, the drive member can be freely moved without any effect, eg a drive latch can only be freely rotated. Only when the actuating element is engaged with the locking member, an actuation of the actuating element causes a corresponding movement of the locking member. Within the scope of the present invention, a preferred development in this context provides that the locking device has an actuating element, such as a handle, which can be coupled with the cylinder core for its movement under intermediate switching of a coupling device, the coupling device having a drive element movable between a coupled position and an uncoupled position, which is formed by the switching element. Such an electromagnetic drive of the drive element leads to extremely reliable operation, such a drive being easily integrated into the coupling device due to the small overall size of the switching device. Preferably, the drive element is translationally guided in this case. Advantageously, the drive element is guided in a translational manner in one direction transverse or parallel to the axis of rotation of the drive element, whereby a particularly secure coupling of the drive member with the locking member can be effected.

The invention can be used in the field of different technical closing installations. Therefore, provision is preferably made for the locking device to be designed as a lock cylinder, a double-latch lock cylinder, a double-latch lock cylinder with key insertion function on one or both sides for mechanical overlocking, lock cylinder with a single latch, with or without key insertion function on the side of the lock cylinder opposite the latch,

double locking cylinder, double locking cylinder with mechanical or electronic or mechatronic authorization query on both sides, half-cylinder, half-cylinder with latch, half-cylinder with mechatronic authorization query, half-cylinder with electronic authorization query, latch, hardware with latch and/or pin drive, assembly lock, self-locking assembly lock, cabinet lock, cabinet lock cylinder, padlock, or toggle cylinder.

The invention is explained in more detail below by means of the embodiments schematically represented in the drawing. In it, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show locking devices according to the state of the art, Fig. 3 shows a first configuration of the locking device according to the invention and Fig. 4 shows another modified configuration. In Fig. 1 a lock cylinder is shown comprising a stationary lock cylinder housing 1 and a cylinder core 2 rotatably mounted thereon. A rotation of the cylinder core 2 actuates a locking lug (not shown) engaged with the cylinder core 2, which in turn moves a locking element, such as a bolt or a locking pin. Actuation of the cylinder core 2 can be effected in the conventional manner by means of a suitable mechanical key inserted into a key channel of the cylinder core 2 or by means of a handle non-rotatably attached to the cylinder core or non-rotatably engageable. An access control is carried out by checking electronic access authorization data, which is stored on a suitable data carrier, the electronic access authorization data being read by a suitable reading device and being verified in an evaluation circuit with respect to to access authorization. If an access authorization is determined, a release is carried out by means of a switching device that has a switch member that can be adjusted between a blocking position and a release position and an electromagnetic drive for adjusting the switching element.

In the present example, the switching member is formed by a permanent magnetic anchor 4 which is housed in a gap 3 of the cylinder core 2 and is guided in the gap 3 in the direction of the arrow 6 in a displaceable manner. In this connection, the anchor 4 can be moved from the release position shown in Fig. 1 to a locking position, in which the anchor 4 is moved into a recess 7 formed in the lock cylinder housing 1, by means of which which the ability of the cylinder core 2 to rotate with respect to the lock cylinder housing 1 is blocked. The actuation of the anchor 4 is effected with the aid of a schematically shown induction coil 5, which is arranged next to the anchor 4. Alternatively , the induction coil can also enclose the anchor 4, as indicated by the reference sign 5'.

In the event of a power supply to the induction coil 5 or 5', a magnetic field is generated with a current pulse, causing the anchor to repel in the direction of the arrow 6. A return of the anchor 4 from the locking position to the release position is effected by supplying current with reversed polarity to the induction coil 5, or 5', so that the anchor 4 is magnetically attracted.

In the alternative model according to Fig. 2, a ferromagnetic element 8 is arranged in the recess 7, which is configured to magnetically retain the permanent magnetic anchor 4 in the locking position which is immersed in the recess 7.

According to the invention, as represented in Fig. 3, another ferromagnetic element 9 is arranged in the gap 3 to magnetically retain the anchor 4 also in the release position. As a result, the end positions of the anchor 4 can also be retained without power supply from the induction coil 5 or 5'. Another configuration is shown in Fig. 4, in which the locking device has an actuating element, such as a handle, which is engageable with the cylinder core for movement thereof under intermediate switching of a coupling facility. , the coupling installation presenting a drive element movable between a coupled position and a disconnected position. In this case, in Fig. 4 only the coupling installation is shown, as well as the actuation of the driving element or of the switching member.

The coupling device comprises a rotatable coupling part 10, which is non-rotatably connected to the handle (for example, the push button of a hardware) which is not shown. The coupling installation also includes a rotatable coupling part 11, which is non-rotatably attached to the assembly lock (not shown hereafter with the assembly lock latch). The drive element is designated 12 and configured as a switching member, which is in the locking position in Fig. 4, so that the locking device is in the locked state. In this connection, the handle can freely rotate together with the coupling part 10. In order to couple the coupling part 10 with the coupling part 11 in a non-rotatable way, the switching member 12 must be moved upwards so that it is plunge into the recess 13 formed in the coupling part 10 when the recess 13 is in a position aligned with the switching member 12.

The actuation of the switching member 12 is in turn effected electromagnetically with the aid of a permanent magnetic anchor 14 with a north pole N and a south pole S. The anchor 14 is housed in an elongated guide and can be moved up and down. down in the direction of the double arrow 15. On both sides of the anchor 14 an induction coil 16 and 17 is arranged respectively. The anchor 14 is rigidly connected to a rod 18, which in turn is rigidly connected to another permanent magnet 19 , which has a north pole N and a south pole S. The permanent magnet 19 is coupled with the switching member 12. The operation is now as follows.

The two induction coils 16 and 17 are controlled to move the anchor 14 upward from the position shown in Fig. 4, the induction coils being able to act together by supplying current to the induction coil 16, so that this exerts a repulsive force on the anchor 14 and by supplying current to the induction coil 17, so that it exerts an attractive force on the anchor 14. The induction of the two induction coils can take place sequentially, so that first the induction coil 16 and then the induction coil 17 be supplied with current to achieve the required raising of the anchor 14 with minimum energy consumption. The movement of the anchor 14 is transmitted through the rod 18 to the permanent magnet 19, which pushes the switching member 12 upwards. For the reverse movement it is provided that the switching member 12 is made of a ferromagnetic material, so that the permanent magnet 19 magnetically pulls the switching member 12 during downward directed movement.

In order to retain the switching member 12 in the respective final position, ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic elements (not shown) are in turn provided.

If the parts to be coupled are not aligned, the resulting magnetic spring between the anchor 14 and the respective ferromagnetic or permanent magnet element can be prestressed in such a way that the anchor moves a little towards the new end position, so that the anchor 14 or the permanent magnet 19 mechanically coupled with it enters the field of action of the respective ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic element and is brought to the respective final position by the action of the magnetic spring as soon as the parts to be coupled are aligned.

The construction shown in FIG. 4 can also be accommodated, for example, in a cylinder latch or, correspondingly miniaturized, in other parts of a lock cylinder or lock cylinder core.

Claims (17)

1. Locking device that is switchable between a locked state and a released state, comprising at least one switching installation with a switching member (4, 12) adjustable between a locked position and a released position and a electromagnetic drive for the regulation of the switching member (4, 12), so that the locking device is in the locked state in the locking position of the switching member (4, 12) and in the released state in the position release of the switching member (4, 12), the electromagnetic drive presenting at least one induction coil (5, 5') and a permanent magnetic anchor (4, 14) movable forwards and backwards between two extreme positions by means of the action of the induction coil (5, 5 '), characterized in that the permanent magnetic anchor (4, 14) interacts magnetically in both final positions with one or, respectively, a ferromagnetic or magnetic element. permanent attic, to retain the anchor (4, 14) in the respective final position. 2. Locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic drive has an open ferromagnetic circuit, such as an iron circuit. Locking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electromagnetic drive does not have a ferromagnetic circuit, such as an iron circuit. Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electromagnetic drive for holding the end positions of the anchor (4, 14) and for the forward and backward movement of the anchor (4, 14) It does not feature a mechanical spring. Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a magnetic spring results between the anchor (4, 14) and the respective ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic element. Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the permanent magnetic anchor (4, 14) forms the switching member (4, 12). Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the switching member (12) is designed as a separate element from the permanent magnetic anchor (4, 14), with which the anchor (4, 14) interacts. ) on the drive. Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the switching member (4, 12) is movably guided along a straight adjustment path between the locking position and the release position. . Locking device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the locking device comprises two components, one of which is arranged to be movable relative to the other, in particular rotatable, and in that the switching member (4, 12) rigidly, in particular non-rotatably, joins the two components in the locking position or in the release position and releases the relative movement in the respective other position. Locking device according to claim 9, characterized in that the electromagnetic actuation of the switching member (4, 12) is accommodated in one of the two components. Locking device according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the locking device is designed as a lock cylinder with a lock cylinder housing (1) and a cylinder core (2) rotatably mounted on it. a recess in the lock cylinder housing (1). Locking device according to claim 11, characterized in that the switching member (12) is configured as a locking pin, which in the locked position connects the locking cylinder housing (1) and the cylinder core ( 2) non-rotatably and, in the released position, fully retracts into the lock cylinder housing (1) or cylinder core (2). 13. Locking device according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking pin is immersed in the locking position starting from the cylinder core (2) in a recess of the locking cylinder housing (1) or starting from the housing lock cylinder (1) into a recess in the cylinder core (2). 14. Locking device according to claim 11, characterized in that the locking device has an actuation element, such as a handle, which can be coupled to the cylinder core (2) for its movement under intermediate switching of an installation. coupling device, the coupling device having a drive element (12) movable between a coupled position and an uncoupled position, which is formed by the switching element. 15. Locking device according to claim 14, characterized in that the driving element is guided translationally in a direction transverse or parallel to the axis of rotation of the actuating element. 16. Blocking device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the drive element is made up of a ferromagnetic material that interacts magnetically with a permanent magnet (19) different from the anchor (4, 14), interacting the anchor (4, 14) optionally with the permanent magnet (19) in the actuation with intermediate switching of a displaceable connecting element. 17. Locking device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the locking device is designed as a lock cylinder, double-latch lock cylinder, double-latch lock cylinder with one-sided key insertion function or both sides for mechanical overlocking, single latch lock cylinder, with or without key insertion function on the side of the lock cylinder opposite the latch, double lock cylinder, double lock cylinder with mechanical authorization query or electronic or mechatronic on both sides, half-cylinder, half-cylinder with latch, half-cylinder with mechatronic authorization query, half-cylinder with electronic authorization query, latch, hardware with latch and/or bolt actuation, assembly lock, self-locking assembly lock, cabinet lock, cabinet lock cylinder, padlock or switch cylinder.