ES2903291A1 - Recycling and recyclable product based on vegetable fibers from debris (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Recycling and recyclable product based on vegetable fibers from debris (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2903291A1 ES2903291A1 ES202030989A ES202030989A ES2903291A1 ES 2903291 A1 ES2903291 A1 ES 2903291A1 ES 202030989 A ES202030989 A ES 202030989A ES 202030989 A ES202030989 A ES 202030989A ES 2903291 A1 ES2903291 A1 ES 2903291A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
PRODUCTO RECICLADO Y RECICLABLE COMPUESTO A BASE DERECYCLED AND RECYCLABLE PRODUCT COMPOSED BASED ON
FIBRAS VEGETALES PROCEDENTES DE DESECHOSVEGETABLE FIBERS FROM WASTE
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La invención, tal como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un producto reciclado y reciclable compuesto a base de fibras vegetales procedentes de desechos, aportando, a la función a que se destina, ventajas y características, que se describen en detalle más adelante, que suponen una mejora del estado actual de la técnica.The invention, as expressed in the title of this specification, refers to a recycled and recyclable product made up of vegetable fibers from waste, providing, to the function for which it is intended, advantages and characteristics, which are described in detail later, which represent an improvement of the current state of the art.
El objeto de la presente invención recae en un producto, que puede tener una forma y composición variable en función del uso a que se destine, y que por ejemplo pueden ser suelas de zapatos, placas insonorizadoras, placas aislantes térmicas, ladrillos, u otros, que se distingue por el hecho de estar compuesto, principalmente, a base fibras vegetales compactadas, preferentemente fibra de palmera o algas posidonia, aunque pueden ser cualquier otro tipo de fibras, sea cual sea su procedencia, como vid, coco, café, caña, corcho, u otras, en todo caso consistentes en desechos o residuos inservibles, que además, como elemento aglutinante con que se compactan dichas fibras para conseguir su conglomerado, comprende resinas que, a su vez, también están hechas, prácticamente en su totalidad, a base de materiales biocompuestos, como aceites de soja, alcoholes, etc., y que, además, en su obtención, de dicho producto, se han utilizado procesos y maquinas respetuosos con el medio ambiente, de modo que su huella de carbono es ínfima. The object of the present invention lies in a product, which can have a variable shape and composition depending on the use to which it is intended, and which, for example, can be shoe soles, soundproofing plates, thermal insulating plates, bricks, or others, which is distinguished by the fact that it is composed mainly of compacted vegetable fibers, preferably palm fiber or posidonia algae, although they can be any other type of fiber, whatever its origin, such as vine, coconut, coffee, cane, cork, or others, in any case consisting of waste or unusable residues, which also, as a binding element with which said fibers are compacted to achieve their conglomerate, comprises resins that, in turn, are also made, practically entirely, from based on biocomposite materials, such as soybean oils, alcohols, etc., and that, in addition, in obtaining said product, processes and machines that respect the environment have been used, so that that its carbon footprint is negligible.
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
El campo de aplicación de la presente invención se enmarca dentro del sector de la industria dedicada a la fabricación de productos reciclados a base de materiales compactados.The field of application of the present invention falls within the sector of the industry dedicated to the manufacture of recycled products based on compacted materials.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Como es sabido, la reutilización de los materiales de desecho para fabricar nuevos productos es una de las principales herramientas para conseguir reducir la huella de carbono de dichos productos y, consecuentemente, favorecer la protección del medio ambiente, siendo este el principal objetivo de la presente invención, es decir, el desarrollo de un producto, para fabricar distintos tipos de objetos, que suponga mejorar al máximo la huella de carbono del mismo, es decir, aquel indicador medioambiental que pretende reflejar la totalidad de gases de efecto invernadero emitidos por efecto directo o indirecto del mismo y que, por tanto, afectan tanto a la composición del mismo como a la materia prima con que está fabricado, como a los procesos de obtención de dicha materia prima y de obtención del propio producto.As is known, the reuse of waste materials to manufacture new products is one of the main tools to reduce the carbon footprint of said products and, consequently, favor the protection of the environment, this being the main objective of this invention, that is to say, the development of a product, to manufacture different types of objects, which supposes to improve its carbon footprint to the maximum, that is, that environmental indicator that intends to reflect all the greenhouse gases emitted by direct effect or indirect thereof and which, therefore, affect both its composition and the raw material with which it is manufactured, as well as the processes for obtaining said raw material and for obtaining the product itself.
Como referencia al estado de la técnica, cabe señalar que, si bien se conocen diferentes documentos que describen desarrollos relacionados con el reciclaje de materiales vegetales fibrosos, al menos en los que el solicitante tiene conocimiento, presentan sustanciales diferencias con lo que la presente invención propone, ya que en la mayoría de ellos, o bien no se recicla de la misma manera, o en la misma proporción o se trata de materiales no de desecho o de distinta índole o incluyen, especialmente en las resinas, materiales no ecológicos (provenientes del petróleo).As a reference to the state of the art, it should be noted that, although different documents are known that describe developments related to the recycling of fibrous plant materials, at least in which the applicant is aware, they present substantial differences with what the present invention proposes. , since in most of them, either they are not recycled in the same way, or in the same proportion, or they are non-waste materials or of a different nature, or they include, especially in the resins, non-ecological materials (from the Petroleum).
Así, por ejemplo, se conoce la existencia de un fabricante de zapatos a base de fibras de palmera, sin embargo, a diferencia del producto de la presente invención, solo utiliza la madera de los troncos de un determinado tipo de palmera, concretamente la palmera datilera que es una especie protegido, por lo que la producción se verá limitada a las palmeras que mueran. A diferencia de ello, el producto de la presente invención incluye como parte de su composición fibra de cualquier parte y tipo de palmera, en particular la procedente de la poda, que se obtiene cada año en abundancia, puesto que es una tarea necesaria para la propia salud de la planta y un residuo costoso de utilizar para otros fines.Thus, for example, the existence of a shoe manufacturer is known to based on palm fibers, however, unlike the product of the present invention, it only uses the wood from the trunks of a certain type of palm tree, specifically the date palm, which is a protected species, so production will be limited to the palm trees that die. Unlike this, the product of the present invention includes as part of its composition fiber from any part and type of palm tree, in particular from pruning, which is obtained in abundance every year, since it is a necessary task for the plant's own health and an expensive waste to use for other purposes.
Por otra parte, aunque actualmente hay infinidad de productos sostenibles y ecológicos en todos los sectores industriales, no todos son realmente lo que dicen ser, ya sea por porcentaje de materia reciclada (ponerle un 5% de algo reciclado a un producto no debería ser considerado como tal) como por el proceso para conseguirlo (puedes tener un producto ecológico pero el proceso para conseguirlo contamina más que uno normal).On the other hand, although there are currently countless sustainable and ecological products in all industrial sectors, not all of them are really what they claim to be, either by percentage of recycled material (putting 5% of something recycled in a product should not be considered as such) as for the process to get it (you can have an ecological product but the process to get it pollutes more than a normal one).
Un producto debe de ser considerado más o menos sostenible si la suma de todos los procesos, desde la recogida hasta su puesta en venta cumple con el requisito de "contaminar menos”: Actualmente todo ello es medible mediante la "Huella de Carbono”.A product must be considered more or less sustainable if the sum of all the processes, from the collection to its sale, meets the requirement of "polluting less": Currently all this is measurable through the "Carbon Footprint".
Por otra parte, ya existen productos hechos con fibras vegetales, pero el proceso para procesarlos y las resinas para conglomerarlos no son del todo sostenibles.On the other hand, there are already products made with vegetable fibers, but the process to process them and the resins to conglomerate them are not entirely sustainable.
Un ejemplo son las algas del mar muertas en la playa, principalmente la posidonia y que con ella ya se conoce la fabricación de una especie de textil. Sin embargo, el proceso para reciclar esas algas es muy costoso, especialmente para el medio ambiente, ya que consiste, básicamente, en: - Recoger esas algas mediantes tractores en las playas. Pongamos de ejemplo que unos días de recogida suponen unos diez camiones llenos. Lo que se recoge es una mezcla de alga (casi todo agua salina) y arena de playa.An example is the dead seaweed on the beach, mainly Posidonia, and with which the manufacture of a kind of textile is already known. However, the process to recycle these algae is very costly, especially for the environment, since it basically consists of: - Collect those algae by means of tractors on the beaches. Let's take as an example that a few days of collection suppose about ten full trucks. What is collected is a mixture of algae (almost all saline water) and beach sand.
- Se llevan a unos basureros especializados en su tratamiento y se separa la arena del alga. Un camión devuelve esa arena a la playa porque está protegida.- They are taken to garbage dumps specialized in their treatment and the sand is separated from the algae. A truck returns that sand to the beach because it is protected.
- Mediante secadores industriales se deshidratan las algas.- By means of industrial dryers the algae are dehydrated.
- Finalmente, se incineran, lo cual genera gases contaminantes.- Finally, they are incinerated, which generates polluting gases.
Es por tanto un proceso poco ecológico.It is therefore a not very ecological process.
Así pues, al menos por parte del solicitante, se desconoce la existencia de ningún otro producto que presente unas características técnicas, y constitutivas iguales o semejantes a las que presenta el que aquí se reivindica y cuyo objetivo es proporcionar un producto 100% sostenible, reciclado, reciclable, biocompuesto y económicamente viable, que sea más económico que uno equiparable normal, es decir, no reciclado.Thus, at least by the applicant, the existence of any other product that has technical and constitutive characteristics equal or similar to those presented by the one claimed here and whose objective is to provide a 100% sustainable, recycled product is unknown. , recyclable, biocomposite and economically viable, which is cheaper than a normal comparable one, that is, not recycled.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
El producto reciclado y reciclable compuesto a base de fibras vegetales procedentes de desechos que la invención propone se configura como la solución idónea al objetivo anteriormente señalado, estando los detalles caracterizadores que lo hacen posible y que lo distinguen convenientemente recogidos en las reivindicaciones finales que acompañan a la presente descripción.The recycled and recyclable product composed of vegetable fibers from waste that the invention proposes is configured as the ideal solution to the aforementioned objective, with the characterizing details that make it possible and that distinguish it conveniently collected in the final claims that accompany the present description.
Concretamente, lo que la invención propone, como se ha apuntado anteriormente, es un producto, que puede tener una forma y composición variable en función del uso a que se destine, por ejemplo para suelas de zapatos, placas aislantes insonorizadoras, placas aislantes térmicas, ladrillos, u otros, que se distingue por el hecho de tener una composición que comprende, mayoritariamente, fibras vegetales compactadas, que pueden ser cualquier tipo y procedencia, pero en todo caso consistentes en desechos o residuos inservibles, comprendiendo, además, como elemento aglutinante con que se compactan dichas fibras para conseguir su conglomerado, resinas que, a su vez, también están hechas a base de materiales biocompuestos y sostenibles, y distinguiéndose asimismo en que, además, dicho producto es un producto obtenido por compactación de sus componentes mediante la utilización de procesos y maquinas sostenibles y respetuosos con el medio ambiente, de modo que su huella de carbono es ínfima.Specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is a product, which can have a variable shape and composition depending on the use to which it is intended, for example for soles of shoes, soundproofing insulating plates, thermal insulating plates, bricks, or others, distinguished by the fact that they have a composition that comprises, mainly, compacted vegetable fibers, which can be of any type and origin, but in any case consisting of waste or useless waste, also comprising, as a binding element with which said fibers are compacted to achieve their conglomerate, resins that, in turn, are also made from biocomposite and sustainable materials, and also distinguishing themselves in that, in addition, said product is a product obtained by compacting its components through the use of sustainable and environmentally friendly processes and machines, so that its carbon footprint is negligible.
Preferentemente, los desechos o residuos inservibles de fibras vegetales compactadas que comprende básicamente la composición del producto de la invención consisten en fibras de palmera procedente de poda y/o en algas posidonia acumulada en playas, si bien no se descarta que pueda tratarse o mezclarse con cualquier otro tipo de fibra vegetal que se desecha una vez obtenido el fruto, por ejemplo de la vid, el coco, el café, la caña, y/o que se descarta una vez usado, por ejemplo el corcho.Preferably, the waste or unusable residues of compacted vegetable fibers that basically comprise the composition of the product of the invention consist of palm fibers from pruning and/or posidonia algae accumulated on beaches, although it is not ruled out that it can be treated or mixed with any other type of vegetable fiber that is discarded once the fruit is obtained, for example from the vine, coconut, coffee, cane, and/or that is discarded once used, for example cork.
Además, eventualmente, el producto de la invención también contempla la inclusión en su composición, mezclado y compactado con las antedichas fibras vegetales y las resinas, de otros materiales de desecho que son inservibles y que, en la mayoría de los casos, cuesta dinero deshacerse de los mismos. En particular la composición del producto comprende adicionalmente la goma EVA (etileno-vinil-acetato) o foamy que, aunque es un polímero termoplástico, se producen toneladas de desecho del mismo, por lo que su reutilización supone un aporte medioambiental.In addition, eventually, the product of the invention also contemplates the inclusion in its composition, mixed and compacted with the aforementioned vegetable fibers and resins, of other waste materials that are useless and that, in most cases, cost money to dispose of. thereof. In particular, the composition of the product additionally includes EVA rubber (ethylene-vinyl-acetate) or foamy which, although it is a thermoplastic polymer, produces tons of waste, so its reuse represents an environmental contribution.
Por su parte, las resinas que comprende la composición del producto de la invención como agente ligante para conseguir la compactación del resto de componentes, preferentemente, son resinas hechas a base de biocompuestos como aceites de soja, alcoholes, etc. En concreto hechas casi en un 90% de fuentes sostenibles, es decir, no provenientes del petróleo. Con ello, dado que dichas resinas, preferentemente, constituyen un 20% de la mezcla final, el producto será cercano al 98% totalmente biocompuesto.On the other hand, the resins that comprise the composition of the product of the invention as a binding agent to achieve the compaction of the rest of the components, preferably, they are resins made from biocompounds such as soybean oils, alcohols, etc. Specifically, made almost 90% from sustainable sources, that is, not from oil. With this, given that said resins preferably constitute 20% of the final mixture, the product will be close to 98% totally biocomposite.
Dependiendo el producto que se vaya a hacer (una placa aislante, una suela para calzado, un ladrillo...) el producto reciclado de la invención variará su composición, pudiendo comprender, en unos casos un tipo de fibra vegetal y en otros otro o la mezcla de varios tipos de fibra vegetal y/o de algún otro tipo de material desechable.Depending on the product to be made (an insulating plate, a shoe sole, a brick...) the recycled product of the invention will vary in composition, and may comprise, in some cases, one type of vegetable fiber and in others another or the mixture of various types of vegetable fiber and/or some other type of disposable material.
Así, por ejemplo, cuando el producto es una suela para calzado, su composición comprende, preferentemente algas, EVA y corcho compactados; en cambio cuando es una placa acústica, su composición comprende poda de palmera y EVA; y cuando es un ladrillo, poda de palmera y corcho.Thus, for example, when the product is a shoe sole, its composition preferably comprises algae, EVA and compacted cork; On the other hand, when it is an acoustic plate, its composition includes palm tree pruning and EVA; and when it is a brick, palm and cork pruning.
Por su parte, como se ha comentado, el producto es, además, un producto obtenido mediante la utilización de procesos sostenibles y maquinas que utilizan energías renovables, para ser respetuosos con el medio ambiente, contribuyendo a que su huella de carbono se reduzca al mínimo.For its part, as has been mentioned, the product is, in addition, a product obtained through the use of sustainable processes and machines that use renewable energies, to be respectful of the environment, helping to reduce its carbon footprint to a minimum. .
Así, por ejemplo, cuando la fibra vegetal que comprende la composición del producto consiste en alga posidonia procedente de la que se acumula en las playas, el proceso de obtención de la misma, a diferencia de lo que hasta ahora se viene realizando, como se ha descrito en el apartado de antecedentes, es un proceso mucho más sostenible que consiste, básicamente, en lo siguiente:Thus, for example, when the vegetable fiber that comprises the composition of the product consists of Posidonia algae from which it accumulates on the beaches, the process of obtaining it, unlike what has been carried out up to now, as described in the background section, is a much more sustainable process that consists, basically the following:
- Se instalan unas casetas en las mismas playas y se echan las algas ahí mismo. Dichas casetas disponen de unos conductos de ventilación de aire caliente con placas solares que deshidratan rápidamente las algas. Con ello se ahorra toda la "huella de carbono” relacionada con la deshidratación.- Some booths are installed on the beaches themselves and the algae are thrown right there. These booths have hot air ventilation ducts with solar panels that quickly dehydrate the algae. This saves the entire "carbon footprint" associated with dehydration.
- Una vez deshidratadas las algas, un solo camión se lleva esas algas a su procesado. Con esto se ahorra más "huella de carbono” al utilizar solo un camión en vez de diez (el alga una vez deshidratada ocupa un 10% de espacio). Además como se seca en la misma playa, la arena se decanta ahí mismo y, por tanto, se ahorra otro camión de arena de vuelta.- Once the algae are dehydrated, a single truck takes the algae to be processed. With this, more "carbon footprint" is saved by using only one truck instead of ten (once the algae is dehydrated, it occupies 10% of space). In addition, since it dries on the beach itself, the sand settles right there and, thus saving another truckload of sand back.
- Finalmente, en lugar de incinerar las algas, con lo que se provoca más huella de carbono, mediante una máquina (alimentada eléctricamente por placas solares) que aplica un sistema de compactación parecido al que se utiliza para hacer tacos de corcho, se compactan las algas mezcladas con la resina aglutinante.- Finally, instead of incinerating the algae, which causes more carbon footprint, by means of a machine (powered electrically by solar panels) that applies a compaction system similar to the one used to make cork blocks, the algae mixed with the binder resin.
El proceso de compactación con la descrita máquina se utiliza igualmente para otros tipos de fibras vegetales que comprenda la composición. El material obtenido se usa para hacer productos de diversa índoles, tal como suelas de zapatos, placas insonorizadoras, placas térmicas, ladrillos, ....Todo ello compactado por la mencionada resina que, a su vez, es casi en su 100% de materia sostenible (aceites de soja, alcoholes, etc...).The compaction process with the described machine is also used for other types of vegetable fibers that comprise the composition. The material obtained is used to make products of various kinds, such as shoe soles, soundproofing plates, thermal plates, bricks, .... All this compacted by the aforementioned resin which, in turn, is almost 100% of sustainable material (soybean oils, alcohols, etc...).
Además, una vez finalizada la vida útil del producto reciclado descrito, al tratarse de un producto cuya composición es básicamente vegetal, es a su vez, un producto reciclable de nuevo, ya que se puede someter a procesos de retriturado y recompactado para dotarlo de una nueva forma, o servir como compost o como biomasa combustible, según la composición concreta en cada caso.In addition, once the useful life of the described recycled product has ended, since it is a product whose composition is basically vegetable, it is, in turn, a recyclable product again, since it can be subjected to regrind and recompact processes to give it a new shape, or serve as compost or biomass fuel, depending on the specific composition in each case.
En definitiva, el producto de la invención es un producto reciclado y reciclable obtenido por compactación de sus componentes mediante procesos y maquinas medioambientalmente sostenibles, cuya composición comprende, mayoritariamente, fibras vegetales compactadas, consistentes en desechos o residuos inservibles, y resinas hechas a base de materiales biocompuestos en que, al menos, un 80% son no provenientes del petróleo, como elemento aglutinante con que se compactan dichas fibras vegetales para conseguir su conglomerado, pudiendo dichas fibras vegetales consistir, en función del tipo de uso del producto, en un único tipo de fibra o en una mezcla de varias distintas de entre las que, preferentemente, se escogerá las fibras de palmera procedente de poda y las algas posidonia procedentes de restos acumulados en playas, así como también corcho desechado y/o usado.In short, the product of the invention is a recycled and recyclable product obtained by compacting its components using environmentally sustainable processes and machines, whose composition comprises, mainly, compacted vegetable fibers, consisting of unusable waste or residue, and resins made from biocomposite materials in which at least 80% are not derived from oil, as a binding element with which said vegetable fibers are compacted to achieve their conglomerate, said vegetable fibers being able to consist, depending on the type of use of the product, in a single type of fiber or in a mixture of several different ones, among which, preferably, palm fibers from pruning and Posidonia algae from debris accumulated on beaches, as well as discarded and/or used cork will be chosen.
Con ello, el valor de sostenibilidad del producto, independientemente de la forma y uso que tenga, será la suma de lo reciclado más el uso de resina bio más el tipo de proceso y maquinaria aplicados, produciendo el máximo de ahorro de "huella de carbono”.With this, the sustainability value of the product, regardless of its form and use, will be the sum of what is recycled plus the use of bio resin plus the type of process and machinery applied, producing the maximum savings in "carbon footprint". ”.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no se considera necesario hacer más extensa su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan. Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages derived from it.
Claims (8)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES202030989A ES2903291A1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Recycling and recyclable product based on vegetable fibers from debris (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES202030989A ES2903291A1 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Recycling and recyclable product based on vegetable fibers from debris (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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