ES2899523B2 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR THE ELABORATION OF PREFABRICATED - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR THE ELABORATION OF

PREFABRICATED

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention falls within the technical field of construction and materials technology. In particular, it refers to a new construction material specially designed for the production of prefabricated modules for social housing, made up of a mixture of plaster, water, polyacrylamide, coconut fiber and vermiculite. This material has optimal characteristics for the production of prefabricated blocks with good thermal performance, low density and short setting times.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There is currently a wide variety of modular prefabricated buildings made with materials with good thermal, acoustic and physical-mechanical properties, which allow us to satisfy the growing global demand for quality social housing. In this sense, the main objective of these materials for the production of prefabricated elements is to improve the energy efficiency of new buildings of a social nature, without reducing their structural properties and maintaining an economical and attractive design. In addition, these prefabricated modules must always take into account the importance of lightening the weight of hardened materials to reduce execution times.

One of the most commonly used materials for the production of prefabricated elements is plaster (or plaster in its absence), whose raw material is found in the form of sedimentary rock in nature in the form of gypsum. This construction material has a series of characteristics that give it good properties as a construction material. It is worth noting its rapid setting time when the plaster powder comes into contact with water, due to the intensity of the exothermic reaction that is generated during kneading. In addition, it is an ideal material for interior cladding, due to its good adherence, high hygrothermal regulation capacity, good acoustic performance, warmth and fire resistance.

However, as has already been mentioned, the growing industrialization of the construction sector has led many researchers to innovate in the process of executing prefabricated plaster. These innovation processes involve improving the setting times, increasing the mechanical resistance of the prefabricated elements made with this material and reducing the density of the hardened modules. That is to say, in short, it is intended to maintain the characteristics of traditional construction, but improving the manufacturing processes based on the new materials available.

On the other hand, despite the fact that the use of dry partition walls, plates for false ceilings and modular cladding is currently widespread in the building sector, their incorporation into this branch of the industry has been slow and gradual. In fact, initially they were not very well accepted as a result of their low deformation capacity, ease of breakage and unstable behavior in joints. Many of these problems have been solved with the incorporation of additives, reinforcing fibers and alternative designs, trying not to vary the dimensions of the prefabricated modules. However, even today, progress continues towards the search for new, more efficient and salable alternative solutions.

In this sense, the present invention falls within the group of industrial prefabricated elements, showing a new construction material for the production of modular blocks specially conceived for social housing. It is a material and construction system with a high degree of industrialization, economical, easy to execute and with good technical performance. In this way, a new concept of social housing is created with a revolutionary plaster material, valid for any type of housing or communal unit.

Below are some examples of the state of the art related to the object of the present invention.

The international application WO2017069989 refers to a new product of waterproof plaster whose manufacturing process incorporates a polymerizable siloxane compound and an anionic polyacrylamide. Although it is a gypsum or plaster compound with polyacrylamide, the purpose of the superabsorbent polymer object of the present invention is completely new and inventive. In particular, it makes it possible to reduce the weight of the hardened material, generate an internal network of pores and reduce setting times. Therefore, both the technical problem and the solution of the present invention are not related in any way to the invention disclosed in said international application, the composition of the mixture being also different.

Patent application CN108892460 presents a waterproof gypsum block that belongs to the field of construction materials. This material contains a mixture of different chemical compounds, among which polyacrylamide stands out, which gives it a waterproof effect and good properties for use as a construction material. However, the aforementioned invention, although it uses polyacrylamide in the plaster or plaster mixture, is not related to the objective of the present invention and its composition.

Patent application US2020377422 describes a grout for manufacturing gypsum or plasterboard, which comprises calcined gypsum, water, a foaming agent and a thickening agent. Examples of thickeners cited in said invention include copolymers containing varying degrees of polyacrylamide and acrylic acid. Despite this, although they include the use of polyacrylamide in their composition, the resulting material is different, since at no time is the incorporation of a coconut fiber substrate and expanded vermiculite described for the production of light prefabricated and modular construction. .

Patent AU2016203716 describes a gypsum panel with reduced weight and density that includes high-expansion vermiculite with fire resistance capabilities that are at least comparable, if not better, than those achieved with commercial gypsum panels. Although it is a material for manufacturing lightweight prefabricated elements with good physical-mechanical properties, the composition of the prefabricated module is different from that described in the present invention.

Patent RU2016121212 refers to gypsum panels with reduced mass and density, with better thermal insulation properties. In said invention, the use of vermiculite particles with a high expansion factor in an amount of up to about 10% of the weight of the building plaster is described. Although it is true that the use of vermiculite during the kneading process is described, no reference is made to the use of polyacrylamide and coconut fiber substrate in its kneading process. In addition, the final properties of the hardened material for the production of prefabricated elements are different from those of the modules specially designed for social housing described in the present invention.

Finally, patent ES2385587 describes a lightweight plaster and coconut panel for use in construction, especially for use in interior and exterior partition walls. This invention refers to a new construction material and the execution process of prefabricated elements incorporating fibers and coconut shell. As a difference, the material object of the present invention uses a coconut fiber substrate, which is associated with a synergistic effect when combined with a superabsorbent polyacrylamide polymer and low-density expanded vermiculite, in such a way that the prefabricated products obtained from said materials are not comparable.

Consequently, no material is currently known that meets the technical characteristics of the present invention or that is associated with the technical effects that are achieved thanks to it.

Therefore, the object of the present invention, unlike the materials and their production methods described in the state of the art, is to present a new construction material specially designed for the production of prefabricated elements with lower density and good mechanical properties, by adding superabsorbent polyacrylamide, expanded vermiculite and coconut fiber substrate during the kneading process. In this way, blocks for modular construction can be obtained that will reduce execution times, while maintaining good technical performance, in social housing and other communal units in which interior partitions and linings can be made.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A first object of the invention is a construction material that is especially suitable for making prefabricated elements, characterized in that it comprises a water/conglomerating material ratio equal to or greater than 0.8, where said conglomerating material is preferably selected from plaster and plaster, and where said conglomerating material construction additionally comprises the following components, in percentage by weight referred to the total weight of binder material:

• 1 to 5% low density expanded vermiculite, between 60 and 140 kg/m3 at a temperature between 21°C and 23°C, and 60% relative humidity;

• 1 to 3% powdered superabsorbent polyacrylamide; Y

• 1 to 3% organic coconut fiber substrate.

For the purposes of this patent, prefabricated means any construction element, or part thereof, previously manufactured in a place other than its final location. Preferably, said construction element may consist of prefabricated modules, panels for interior divisions, ceilings and false ceilings, all of them of any surface and thickness.

Any type of plaster or commercial plaster can be used as conglomerating material, the use of plaster type E-35 or similar being preferable due to its good mechanical properties. The E-35 plaster is basically made up of semi-hydrated calcium sulphate (CaSO4-%H2O), although it may also include setting regulator additives. It has a minimum resistance to flexotraction of 3.5 N/mm2 and is frequently used in the execution of prefabricated partitions and false ceilings, as well as in the elaboration of interior linings and ceilings. In particular, the construction material may comprise a minimum amount of binder material (preferably plaster) of 1 kg.

Expanded vermiculite is a mineral formed by iron or magnesium silicates from the mica group, whose chemical formulation is as follows:

(Mg,Ca)o.7(Mg,Fe,Al)a[(Al,Si)8O2o)](OH)4.8H2O

Its incorporation in the construction material allows to reduce the final weight of the mixture, once hardened. It is a low-density compound with an irregular shape, which can be included with different granulometries during the kneading process, and it is recommended not to incorporate particles with an average diameter greater than 4 mm. It is an economical, non-polluting material with good thermal and acoustic performance, where it is worth noting its low thermal conductivity (0.053 kcal/hm°C, measured at 20°C), in addition to not reacting chemically with the other components of the mix during the kneading process.

On the other hand, the polyacrylamide powder compound is characterized by having a particle diameter of between 200 and 300 μm. It consists of a superabsorbent polymer whose reduced chemical formulation is: (C3H5NO)n. This compound has a gelatinous texture after absorbing the mixing water and subsequently generates an internal network of pores when dried. It is therefore a component that speeds up the setting process of the construction material, also favoring better thermoacoustic performance.

Finally, the coconut fiber substrate is a compound of organic origin capable of absorbing up to five or eight times its weight in water. The incorporation of this compound during the kneading favors the aeration and sponginess of the final mixture, in addition to improving the thermal properties of the hardened material and its mechanical resistance to flexotraction. Preferably, it will be added in powder form (preferably with a particle size between 1 mm and 10 mm) and shredded during the kneading process, favoring a homogeneous distribution of the fibers and avoiding caking inside the binder matrix. This material helps in turn to improve the fire resistance of the resulting construction material, once hardened.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the construction material object of the invention may additionally comprise artificial fibers or natural fibers in a percentage by weight preferably between 2% and 5% by weight. reference to the total weight of binder material.

The method for obtaining the construction material described above is also an object of the invention, characterized in that it comprises:

(a) mixing the powdered conglomerate material with the superabsorbent polyacrylamide, the low-density expanded vermiculite (crushed or uncrushed) and the coconut fiber substrate, giving rise to a first mixture of components;

(b) adding said first mixture of components by sprinkling it in a container with water and starting a kneading process, which comprises the following steps:

(b.1) stir the mixture with water for a time between 15 and 30 seconds, preferably describing movements in the form of eight;

(b.2) letting the mixture obtained in (b.1) stand for a time between 30 seconds and one minute;

(b.3) stir the mixture obtained in (b.2) for a time between 15 and 30 seconds, preferably describing movements in the form of an eight, giving rise to a homogeneous paste that corresponds to the construction material claimed in state cool.

Additionally, the object of the invention is a process for obtaining prefabricated elements (being especially suitable for the manufacture of social housing) from the construction material in the fresh state obtained by means of the method described above. In particular, said process may comprise:

(1) introduce the fresh construction material obtained by the claimed method, gradually and progressively, into at least one formwork mould, smoothing after pouring the external surface of the material introduced into the mould. Preferably, prior to pouring the material into the mould, its walls will be smeared with oil or grease in order to facilitate the subsequent stripping process;

(2) letting the building material introduced into the mold rest for the time required for the material to set, generally for a time between 20 and 60 minutes;

(3) stripping the construction material after the setting or hardening process, giving rise to the prefabricated object of the process.

Optionally, the claimed method may comprise an additional stage, prior to stage (b), of adding artificial or natural fibers to the container with water to which the first mixture of components is then added.

Optionally, this process may also include a subsequent stage of drying in an oven, between 6 and 7 days after the completion of setting. Preferably, this drying stage can be carried out for 24 hours at a temperature between 45°C and 55°C, thus improving the thermal resistance of the hardened material.

It should be noted that the method object of the invention is carried out in accordance with the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard.

The prefabricated elements obtained by means of the claimed construction material will preferably be used for modular construction. In particular, they can be used to make interior cladding and partition walls to separate rooms, due to their multiple manufacturing possibilities, as well as for the production of ceilings and false ceilings.

Especially useful is its application in the construction of interior partitions using lightweight blocks that reduce execution times compared to traditional prefabricated plaster blocks. These partitions can be continuous or removable. In addition, the lightened blocks can comprise hollow cells or filled with thermal insulation such as rock wool, expanded polyurethane or the like. The dimensions of the blocks can be indicative, but not limiting, of 400x500 mm2 of surface and variable thickness, although preferably not less than 20 mm if they are not flat or 50 mm if they contain vertical alveoli. Although the material presented manages to lighten the panel's own weight, improving the thermal resistance and not reducing the mechanical properties, it is not advisable to exceed dimensions of 1000 mm in width and 2400 mm in height to facilitate the work of the operator and avoid possible breakage caused by due to possible buckling efforts that may arise in the pieces.

In addition, in the case of using this type of material to make plates for false ceilings, it is possible to use counter molds on the back of the plate during the setting process of the material object of the invention, thus reducing the thickness in the central area of the plate, leaving it with nerves and cells.

In the case of rectangular pieces, it is advisable to reinforce them by using synthetic fibers (such as fiberglass, basalt or polypropylene) or vegetable fibers (such as wood fiber or hemp) to increase cohesion and rigidity of these, especially improving their resistance to flexotraction. In turn, it is possible to incorporate metallic aluminum devices on the back of the false ceiling plate, which allow it to be placed on the anchoring elements. These elements can be incorporated during the setting process of the described material.

Finally, it can be noted that the use of prefabricated construction products made with the construction material object of the present invention allows to reduce the execution times in the assembly of interior partition walls and enables the construction of interior partitions of houses with good thermal and mechanical performance. . These characteristics are especially interesting when building buildings that must be built quickly and meet the necessary conditions of habitability and thermal comfort.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The claimed material, as previously described, is a new lightweight construction material, fast-setting and with good thermal and mechanical properties.

In particular, the claimed material has a series of physical-mechanical characteristics that give it significant advantages over other alternative materials of the state of the art. In this way, it presents very low density values, close to 20% less than the density values of traditional plasters. In particular, its apparent density in the hardened state will be between 820 kg/m3 and 980 kg/m3 at a temperature between 21°C and 23°C temperature and 60% relative humidity, compared to traditional plasters that present values above 1200 kg/m3, again at a temperature between 21°C and 23°C temperature and 60% relative humidity.

On the other hand, it is a fast-setting material. In particular, the setting start time is less than 10 minutes from the start of the kneading process.

Regarding the physical properties, it can be stated that it has surface hardness values between 82 and 90 Shore C units, a flexotraction resistance between 3.20 and 4.30 MPa and a compressive strength equal to or greater than 8 MPa. Finally, its thermal conductivity coefficient is between 0.07 and 0.11 W/mK. This low thermal conductivity favors its application in the elaboration of partition walls and interior cladding for social housing. It should be noted that the parameters described in this description are measured in accordance with the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard.

In particular embodiments of the invention, the claimed construction material may additionally comprise other fibers other than coconut fiber, both natural and synthetic, which may improve the mechanical performance of the claimed construction material. In particular, this addition of fibers in the binder matrix can allow, among other things, to improve the flexural strength of the prefabricated modules obtained from the claimed construction material, avoiding a possible brittle breakage of said modules. Fibers of natural origin can be from hemp, straw or wood, among others, and fibers of synthetic origin can be glass, polypropylene, basalt or polyamide, among other examples.

Regarding the method of manufacturing the claimed construction material, in addition to the essential stages thereof, said method may also comprise a stage prior to step (b), in which said natural or synthetic fibers are incorporated in a percentage preferably comprised between 2% and 5% by weight with respect to the total binder material.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture of the added compounds (expanded vermiculite, polyacrylamide and coconut fiber substrate, with the conglomerating material in powder, preferably gypsum or stucco) will be carried out in a dry state, to later sprinkle the mixture of all the components on the kneading water.

In particular, the claimed process may use at least 1 kg of binder material (preferably plaster) for the preparation of the mixtures. The use of a minimum amount of conglomerating material during the kneading process allows to achieve a homogeneous mixture of all its components, as well as an optimal workability of the material.

In the present invention, the claimed construction material has a water/conglomerating material ratio (preferably E-35 type plaster or similar) equal to or greater than 0.8. It should be noted that water (or mixing water) is the name given to the amount of water that is added to the mixture to obtain the binder material, which is calculated based on the water/binder material ratio by weight and can be determined using methods standards, where the saturation kneading method or the paste fluidity measurement method described in the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard stand out for their ease of execution.

The joint kneading of the components according to the procedure described is what gives the final physical and mechanical properties to the developed construction material. In this way, the main advantages that are extracted from the composition of the new material object of this invention are, as mentioned above: a significant decrease in the final density of the construction material obtained compared to other materials known from the state of the art and, consequently, of the own weight of the elements and construction systems specially conceived for social housing, as well as an improvement in the thermal behavior of the material, good mechanical resistance and a reduced setting time.

Thanks to the optimal properties of the claimed material, it is a particularly suitable material for the production of prefabricated modules. Preferably, said prefabricated modules may be used in dwellings social or other buildings that must be executed in short periods of time.

For the purposes of this patent, social housing is understood to be those constructions enabled for residence that are owned by the state and are intended for the sector of the population that has fewer own resources, in order to facilitate their access to decent housing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Along with this description, for an illustrative and non-limiting nature, a series of figures are shown showing different possible embodiments of the new claimed binder material, suitable for the manufacture of modular interior linings especially designed for use in social housing. Three well-differentiated solutions have been presented for this type of precast:

Figure 1. Plan and elevation view of a hollow prefabricated type block. Figure 2. Perspective view of a type of hollow prefabricated block.

Figure 3. Plan and elevation view of a planar prefabricated type block. Figure 4. Perspective view of a type of planar prefabricated block.

Figure 5. Plan and elevation view of a hollow prefabricated type block with the addition of thermal insulation.

Figure 6. Perspective view of a hollow prefabricated type block with the addition of thermal insulation.

Figure 7. Perspective view of the execution process of an interior cladding for modular construction with hollow prefabricated type blocks shown in Fig.1.

List of numerical references:

1. Fluted surface finish of the prefabricated block.

2. Matrix of the prefabricated block.

3. Internal cavity of the matrix of the prefabricated block.

4. Thermal insulation of filling the cavities of the prefabricated block hollow. Said thermal insulation can be polyurethane, rigid polystyrene or rock wool, among other examples.

In addition, the letters indicate: (A) height, (L) length and (e) thickness.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The claimed material is specially conceived for the elaboration of prefabricated modules that serve for use in social housing or other buildings that require reduced execution times and good technical performance. In this way, the prefabricated elements made with this material will preferably be used for the execution of cladding and interior partitions of said homes and buildings, although they could be used for the manufacture of other types of construction elements.

As shown in figures 1 to 6, the prefabricated modules may have different characteristics and finishes. In particular, they may be made up of two panels joined by a matrix (2) that may or may not have internal cavities (3) along its entire internal surface, from the upper end of the module to its lower end. Both the module panels and the matrix will be made of the claimed construction material. In turn, the panels that make up each prefabricated module may have a specific surface finish, such as, for example, a grooved surface finish (1), as shown in the figures.

In particular embodiments of the invention, the prefabricated modules may also comprise a thermal insulation filler in the cavities (4) of the matrix. Said thermal insulation can be polyurethane, rigid polystyrene or rock wool, among other examples.

Finally, Figure 7 shows the execution process of an interior partition made with prefabricated elements made with the material object of the present invention, and which shows a possible distribution of modules that are easy to apply and have a reduced execution time.

In a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing process of the prefabricated modules, said process may comprise establishing a certain amount of each of the components of the mixture, corresponding to four possible dosages with two water/plaster ratios, as shown in Fig. following table:

T l 1. ni m l n r n r f ri l m l

It is important to highlight that an excess of any of the additives, especially the superabsorbent polyacrylamide and the coconut fiber substrate, would negatively affect the kneading process and strongly reduce the mechanical properties of the hardened material. However, an insufficient amount of additive will not show any harm, but it does not guarantee that the synergistic effects of combining all the additives will be achieved.

During its kneading, the recommendations of the EN 13279-2:2014 standard will be followed, with some peculiarity. In particular, the polyacrylamide superabsorbent polymer, shredded coconut fiber substrate and low density expanded vermiculite will be mixed homogeneously with the dry plaster powder. Subsequently, the mixture will be sprinkled for 30 seconds over a container with water and the kneading process will begin following the recommendations of the aforementioned standard. Low-energy mechanical kneading performed with machinery is recommended, since in general better results are achieved and the process can be automated. It should be noted that, by shredding the coconut fiber substrate, the fibers obtained can be separated and sprinkled on the mixing water, mixing the remaining amount of substrate with the rest of the dry components before starting the mixing.

If additional reinforcing fibers are added to the mixture in order to improve its resistance to flexotraction, these must be distributed in the mixing water. kneaded before sprinkling the plaster. This process of fraying the fibers can be done manually or mechanized, based on the material requirements to be obtained. The pouring into the mold will be done gradually and progressively. It should be noted that it is useful to spread the interior walls of the molds with oil or grease to facilitate subsequent stripping. Finally, the surface leveling and smoothing process of the flat faces of the prefabricated elements must be carried out carefully and without damaging the surface in order to acquire the desired texture.

Once the material has been kneaded and hardened, after seven days, as established by the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard, its mechanical properties can be tested. It should be noted that the construction plasters specially conceived for the elaboration of prefabricated elements, object of the present invention, decrease their thermal conductivity in the hardened state when they are subjected to a drying process in an oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 50°C. This is due to the fact that during the kneading and subsequent setting, the polyacrylamide superabsorbent polymer and the coconut fiber substrate absorb and retain water. Thus, during the drying process, the polyacrylamide particles and the coconut fiber substrate embedded in the plaster matrix dehydrate, and the loss of water leads to a reduction in their size, an internal pore network is generated and an increase in its thermal resistance. Several tests have been carried out in order to characterize the claimed material (Table 2). In general terms, a decrease in weight can be observed, which is reflected in a decrease in the density of the material, without this abruptly affecting the mechanical resistance to flexotraction and compression.

Table 2. Properties of the hardened materials tested in accordance with the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard, referring to the dosages used in Table 1

It should be noted that the use of the described construction material allows it to be used in any type of support and formwork for the production of modular prefabricated elements. This versatility in its use is what facilitates its adaptation to different geometries and requirements that may be requested both in social housing and in other buildings. In addition, once the prefabricated parts have hardened, they can be machined, drilled, surface treated and painted.

In this way, a clean assembly system is achieved, with the advantage that both the anchors and the auxiliary fixing elements are widely industrialized, facilitating their implementation on site. It is necessary to point out that, in the event that repairs, sealing of parts or modules and termination of possible joints between prefabricated elements are required, these must be carried out with the same material and dosage used for the elaboration of the original prefabricated modules, thus avoiding possible imperfections. and defects that may arise.

Finally, in those dwellings in which the claimed material must be made in situ, it will be necessary to control the drying temperature of the mass in its fresh state, since in geographical regions with high ambient temperatures the setting process can be accelerated rapidly, decreasing and even preventing the workability of the mixture of the material described in the invention. In this way, auxiliary ventilation equipment and systems may be used to maintain constant relative humidity conditions, thus preventing the setting from being too abrupt and the material not hardening adequately.

Claims (14)

1. Construction material especially suitable for making prefabricated elements, characterized in that it comprises a water/conglomerating material ratio equal to or greater than 0.8, where said construction material comprises the following components, in percentage by weight referred to the total weight of conglomerating material: • 1 to 5% low-density expanded vermiculite between 60 and 140 kg/m3, at a temperature between 21°C and 23°C and a relative humidity of 60%; • 1 to 3% powdered superabsorbent polyacrylamide; Y • 1 to 3% organic coconut fiber substrate. 2. Construction material according to claim 1, wherein said conglomerating material is selected from plaster and plaster. 3. Building material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the minimum amount by weight of binder material is 1 kg. 4. Construction material according to any one of the preceding claims, where the maximum bulk density in the hardened state is 980 kg/m3 and its minimum bulk density is 820 kg/m3 at a temperature between 21°C and 23 °C and 60% relative humidity. 5. Construction material according to any one of the preceding claims, where its Shore C hardness is between 82 and 90 Shore C units, measured according to the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard. 6. Construction material according to any one of the preceding claims, where its mechanical resistance to flexotraction is between 3.20 and 4.30 MPa, and its mechanical resistance to compression is greater than 8.00 MPa, both measured according to the standard UNE-EN 13279-2:2014. 7. Construction material according to any one of the preceding claims, where its coefficient of thermal conductivity, measured according to the UNE-EN 13279-2:2014 standard, it is between 0.07 and 0.11 W/mK. 8. Building material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said building material additionally comprises artificial fibers or natural fibers in a percentage by weight of between 2% and 5% in reference to the total weight of binder material. 9. Method for obtaining the construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said method is characterized in that it comprises: (a) mixing the powdered conglomerating material with the superabsorbent polyacrylamide, the low-density expanded vermiculite and the coconut fiber substrate, giving rise to a first mixture of components; (b) adding said first mixture of components by sprinkling it in a container with water and beginning a kneading process which in turn comprises the following steps: (b.1) stir the mixture for a time between 15 to 30 seconds; (b.2) letting the mixture obtained in (b.1) stand for a time between 30 seconds and one minute; (b.3) stir the mixture obtained in (b.2) for a time between 15 and 30 seconds, giving rise to a homogeneous paste that corresponds to the construction material in its fresh state. 10. Method for obtaining the construction material according to claim 9, wherein said method comprises an additional stage, prior to stage (b), of adding artificial or natural fibers to the container with water to which it is then added. the first mixture of components. 11. Process for obtaining prefabricated elements from the construction material in the fresh state obtained by the method according to any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein said process comprises: (1) Introduce the building material in a fresh state, gradually and progressive, in at least one formwork mould, smoothing after pouring the external surface of the material introduced into the mould; (2) allow the building material introduced in the mold to rest for the time required for the material to set; (3) stripping the construction material after the setting process. 12. Process according to claim 11, wherein said process additionally comprises a subsequent stage of drying in an oven, between 6 and 7 days after the completion of setting. 13. Use of the construction material, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, to manufacture modular constructions. 14. Use of the construction material, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, to make interior cladding or partition walls to separate rooms and/or to make ceilings or false ceilings.