ES2875198A1 - BRAKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON TWO-WHEEL ELECTRIC VEHICLE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Braking control system for a two-wheeled electric vehicle that includes a controller that takes reading of the operating parameters of the motors, such as temperature and rotation speed, as well as the rest of the components, such as the measurement of the current and battery voltage, and regulates the braking torque that must be applied to each wheel to achieve optimal braking of the vehicle, in a minimum distance, and avoiding possible wheel locks and/or slipping. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

BRAKING CONTROL SYSTEM

FOR TWO-WHEEL ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention falls within the technical field of transport vehicles, more specifically transport vehicles with electrically powered traction means, and more specifically two-wheeled electric transport vehicles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, people transport vehicles that use electrical energy to drive the means of travel are widely known, and more specifically, two-wheeled electric vehicles.

Additionally, in recent years, the use of this type of vehicle has expanded to a great extent, since the appearance of personal mobility vehicles, widely used in journeys that occur within urban centers, has multiplied exponentially. .

Document JP2007252084 belongs to the state of the art, which describes a control unit of an electric vehicle that is capable of suppressing the consumption that does not contribute to the braking force, applying a regenerative operation when the electric vehicle is braked, allocating the regenerated energy to the actuation of the electric braking means.

Document US2018229610A1 also belongs to the state of the art, which describes a braking system for a four-wheeled vehicle that comprises a reading of the state of the battery and a reading of the vehicle's forward speed. With a first brake controller using the motor, and a second brake controller using the actuation of the braking means itself. In this way, the first controller determines if the braking torque of the brake actuation fails and, if so, the engine controller acts on the engine itself to slow down the advance of the vehicle.

Document JO2005033902A belongs to the state of the art, which describes an electric vehicle comprising an electric brake and a mechanical brake containing a vehicle controller with a mechanical brake simulator, which calculates the force produced by the mechanical brake, considering the time delay of the response of this type of brake. Additionally, it comprises means for calculating the necessary electric brake as a function of the mechanical brake force.

Document WO2017123371A1 also belongs, which describes a method applicable to an electromagnetic brake of an electric vehicle that includes the determination with an electronic brake control to know if the vehicle is moving forward, stopped or backward, sending a signal to the powertrain controller so that the braking system locks one of the wheels if the vehicle is stationary, preventing unwanted movement.

Document CN204383194 belongs to the state of the art, which describes an electronic control system for electric vehicles that comprises an electric brake controller and a motor, where the controller comprises a power source, which is connected according to the activation of the electric brake, and that feeds a switching module and a charging module, so that, thanks to the system, the motor can act as an energy generator to charge the battery, acting, at the same time, as an electromagnetic brake that opposes to the advance of the vehicle.

As can be seen, numerous management systems for the braking means of an electric vehicle belong to the state of the art, however, all of them are aimed at recovering electrical energy using the mechanical energy expended in the braking maneuver of a vehicle. vehicle, so it does not guarantee minimum safety and / or use conditions.

It can also be observed in the market and in the state of the art that there are no regulation systems for the braking system of a two-wheeled electric vehicle, which take into account the environmental conditions or the degree of load of the latter since, as It has been commented that inventions in this field are focused on the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art detailed above, that is, it seeks to obtain a braking management system in a two-wheeled electric vehicle that allows automatic regulation of the braking operations of the vehicle. vehicle to guarantee an optimal result, that is, a minimum braking distance in the event of any external and / or specific condition of the electric vehicle in question, in the event of a fortuitous activation of the braking means.

For this, the present invention proposes a braking system and a control system operatively connected to the vehicle's operating means, which will take operating data from the device itself and will regulate the applied braking force to achieve optimum vehicle stoppage.

To do this, the controller will determine the degree of force necessary for braking the motor and / or motors, using pulse width modulation, understood as a modification of the duty cycle of the braking signal to control the amount of energy that is sent to the driving means of the braking system of the electric vehicle.

The braking control system for a two-wheeled electric vehicle comprises a first electric motor, preferably brushless, connected directly and integrally to the front tire of the vehicle; and a second electric motor, preferably brushless, connected directly and integrally to the rear tire of the vehicle.

It also includes an electrical supply, or battery, connected to a battery management system, which has voltage, current and temperature sensors, which manages the charging and discharging of the battery.

It also includes a power demand system, or accelerator, which could be composed of a hall effect sensor or a potentiometer.

It also comprises at least one actuation system of the braking system, with an actuation sensor, such as a hall effect sensor or a potentiometer.

Finally, it also comprises a vehicle control unit, such as a PCB, operatively connected to the operating means of the electric vehicle.

In order to monitor the operation of the vehicle, it will have different sensors placed in all the systems, so that the control unit can manage the operating parameters to fulfill a double function.

On the one hand, the operating parameters can be controlled to prevent limit values from being exceeded that would cause breakage or failure of the different components that make up the vehicle.

On the other hand, these parameters are controlled to be able to perform calculations on the operating parameters of the different components that are part of the vehicle, so that optimal usability of the vehicle is always guaranteed in the event of any fortuitous circumstance or required by the driver and / or or user.

In this way, and managing the operating parameters through the use of sensors, the vehicle's control unit works with an algorithm that allows it to achieve optimal braking, managing to stop it in a reduced distance and ensuring minimum safety conditions in all the instants of the vehicle stopping operation.

This management would be given before a possible actuation of the vehicle's braking means, which could start the execution of the algorithm proposed in the present invention.

The system could also be used in the event that it is capable of recognizing the inclination of the terrain on which it is circulating, which could be done thanks to a sensor. In this application, the control unit is capable of applying a correction factor to the braking force applied to each wheel, taking into account the variation in adhesion due to the anomalous distribution of weights.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, in which, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented. following:

Figure 1.- Diagram of the elements that make up the invention

Figure 2.- Algorithm for calculating the demand for braking force on each wheel.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part of this specification, and in which specific preferred embodiments in which the invention may be carried out are shown by way of illustration. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to carry out the invention, and it is understood that other embodiments may be used and that structural, mechanical, electrical, and / or chemical logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. of the invention. To avoid details not necessary to enable those skilled in the art to carry out the detailed description, it should not, therefore, be taken in a limiting sense.

Specifically, the present invention describes a braking control system of a two-wheeled electric vehicle comprising: a front motor connected to a front wheel, a rear motor connected to a rear wheel, electrical supply means, power demand means , braking means, power demand means, braking means, a power control module, memory storage means, and a control system operatively connected to the above means, where:

- the rotor of the front motor is integrally coupled to the front wheel;

- the rear motor rotor is integrally coupled to the rear wheel; - the front engine comprises at least one temperature sensor and a rotational speed measurement sensor;

- the rear engine comprises at least one temperature sensor and a rotational speed measurement sensor;

- the power supply means comprise a temperature sensor, electrical intensity measurement means and voltage measurement means;

- the control system receives measurements from the previous sensors;

- the memory storage means comprise the limits for the values measured by the sensors;

characterized in that when the braking means (User_Input_Commands) are actuated, the control system uses the following operating algorithm:

- the control system receives the temperature data from the power control module (PCM_T), from the front engine (PM_T), from the rear engine (SM_T), and temperature (B_T) and voltage (B_V) from the power supply means electrical;

- compares the received values with the limits stored in the memory (PCM_MaxT, PM_MaxT, SM_MaxT, B_MaxT, B_MinV), so as to avoid overheating or malfunction of any of the components, which may cause errors or even breakage of the components. themselves;

- using the above data, in combination with the input value of the braking means drive (User_Input_Commands), it calculates the required braking torque on the front motor (PM_PWM_Brake) and the required braking torque on the rear motor (SM_PWM_Brake) ;

- compares the calculated values with the limits stored in memory (PM_PWM_BrakeLimit; SM_PWM_BrakeLimit), in the same way as in the previous case, it seeks not to exceed limits that may cause the brakes to malfunction or break;

- applies the calculated braking torque values to the front engine and the engine rear, making the calculation made effective;

- the control system receives data on the rotational speed of the front motor (PM_Speed) and the rotational speed of the rear motor (SM_Speed);

- compares the values of the front motor rotation speed (PM_Speed) and the rear motor rotation speed (SM_Speed), so that it can be checked if both rotate at the same speed or if there is one that does it more slowly, which would mean a sliding and / or blocking of the wheel;

- repeats the loop until the vehicle comes to a complete stop, so that errors derived from a possible blockage or slipping can be corrected, avoiding the danger of the braking maneuver, reducing the necessary distance, and achieving minimum safety.

According to this embodiment, the braking control system for a two-wheeled electric vehicle would achieve optimal and automatic braking, in the event of a possible actuation of the braking means.

In other words, when the braking means are actuated, a check of the operating parameters of the components would be carried out, ensuring that none exceeded a limit value stored in memory.

Once the check has been carried out, the control unit determines the torque necessary to brake the vehicle, comparing it, in turn, with the limit values stored in memory, ensuring that it is not exceeded, avoiding an accidental or catastrophic failure of the means braking, which would pose a clear risk to the driver and / or user of the vehicle.

From that moment, the calculated torque is applied to the vehicle's brakes, and an iteration is entered that re-feeds the algorithm until the vehicle is completely stopped.

In this way, it is guaranteed that the applied torque is in accordance with the circumstances of each moment of the braking operation of the vehicle which, at the same time, takes a reading of the turning speed of the wheels, avoiding possible blockages that lead to an accident. for the driver and / or user.

In a preferred embodiment, the braking control system of a two-wheeled electric vehicle comprises a sensor for measuring inclination, so that the control system uses a correction factor for the torque calculated and applied to the braking means of the vehicle. .

This modification of the balance of the torque applied in the braking means is due to the fact that on inclined terrain where the vehicle must climb a slope, the rear wheel is the one that has the greatest friction with the ground, and therefore the one with the greatest effectiveness. during braking, thanks to the weight distribution of the vehicle-plus-driver set itself.

It happens in the opposite way when you are facing an inclined terrain and you are descending a hill, with the front wheel being the one with the greatest friction thanks to the distribution of weights.

In a last preferred embodiment, the speed measurement sensors will be Hall Effect sensors, since they are the most widely used in the field of measurement of rotational speeds of electric motors.

The industrial application of the present invention is clear, since it allows us to obtain a braking management system in a two-wheeled electric vehicle, so as to guarantee a minimum braking distance, applying the appropriate torque on each wheel, optimizing operation, and keeping vehicle components operating within a safe range that prevents damage to them.

Claims (3)

1. Braking control system of a two-wheeled electric vehicle comprising at least: ^or a front motor connected to a front wheel, ^or a rear motor connected to a rear wheel, ^or means of electrical supply, ^or means of power demand, ^or means of braking, ^or a power control module, ^or memory storage media, ^or and a control system operatively connected to the above means where: ^or the rotor of the front motor is integrally coupled to the front wheel; ^or the rotor of the rear motor is integrally coupled to the rear wheel; ^or the front engine comprises at least one temperature sensor and a rotational speed measurement sensor; ^or the rear engine comprises at least one temperature sensor and a rotational speed measurement sensor; ^or the power supply means comprise a temperature sensor, electrical intensity measurement means, and voltage measurement means; ^o the control system receives measurements from the previous sensors; ^or the memory storage means comprise the limits for the values measured by the sensors; characterized in that when the braking means are actuated, the control system uses the following operating algorithm: ^or the control system receives temperature data from the power control module, the front engine, the rear engine, and temperature and voltage from the power supply means; ^or compares the received values with the limits stored in memory; ^or using the above data, in combination with the input value of the braking means drive, calculate the required braking torque on the front engine and the required braking torque on the motor rear; ^or compares the calculated values with the limits established in memory; ^o applies the calculated braking torque values to the front engine and the rear engine; ^o the control system receives rotational speed data from the front engine and the rear engine; ^or compares the values of front engine turning speed and rear engine turning speed; ^or repeats the loop until the vehicle comes to a complete stop; 2. Traction control system of a two-wheeled electric vehicle according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a sensor for measuring inclination so that the control system uses a correction factor for the torque calculated and applied to the braking means. 3.

Traction control system of a two-wheeled electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turning speed measurement sensors are Hall Effect sensors.