ES2804075A1 - ATTRACTIVE COMPOSITION OF DIPTERS AND OTHER INSECTS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Attractive composition of diptera and other insects. The present invention relates to an attractant composition for dipterans and other insects and its use for the control of the population of said dipterans and insects. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Attractive composition of diptera and other insects

The present invention relates to an attractant composition for dipterans and other insects and its use for the control of the population of said dipterans and insects.

The invention falls within the area of applied entomology and chemical ecology, more specifically in the field of attractants on dipterans and insects.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Diptera are a health and hygiene problem in various establishments related to food: bars, restaurants, packaged food stores, farms, slaughterhouses, supermarkets, butchers, fishmongers, etc. These insects are transmitters of various diseases and their mere presence in food makes it unfit for consumption. Until now the control of these and other insects has been limited to the use of insecticides or fall traps baited with hydrolyzed proteins that give off an annoying and unpleasant odor.

Diptera are of enormous interest to humans since they can be vectors of diseases such as dengue or malaria, transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles sp .; They are an important part of the decomposers of organic matter, they are studied in forensic cases to determine the postmortem interval, they are model organisms in genetic studies such as the vinegar fly Dmsophila melanogaster, they can behave as a pest on vegetables and fruit trees, and they can produce myiasis in humans, more rare and in cattle [Soler Cruz, MD 2000. The study of myiasis in Spain during the last hundred years. Ars. Pham. 41 (1): 19-26]. This disease, which can be caused by numerous species, produces a large number of symptoms in animals that translate into diseases in the animal - infections, diarrhea, stress, abortion, death, etc. - and economic losses - less milk, less meat, less leather, treatments against the disease, etc.-. Although there are no exact figures in Spain, it is difficult to find a farmer who has not faced this problem.

Flies live close to humans. Since several house flies are carriers of diseases in people and domestic animals, it is important to keep the population of these insects low. According to numerous investigations, it has been determined that these species can transmit disease-causing organisms to both man and animals, including protozoa, bacteria, viruses, ricketsia and parasitic worms. Furthermore, epidemiological and entomological studies have shown that some species may have some role in the transmission of infectious agents that cause diarrhea, in particular shigellosis or dysentery [Carles-Torlá, M. 1997. Diptera and man. Bol SEA 20: 405-425];

[Fernández-Rubio F. 1997. Arthropods and human health. Bol S E A. 20: 167-191];

[Quiceno J, Bastidas X, Rojas D & Bayona M. 2010. The domestic fly as carrier of microbial pathogens in five northern Bogotá cafeterias. Rev U D C A Act & Div Cient.

13 (1): 23-29].

In addition to these effects on human health, the house fly is annoying both in domestic environments and in food handling facilities, restaurants, cafeterias, pastry shops, etc. In any agri-food facility, it is a source of disease and toxicity since it can transmit any harmful substance with which it has had contact when resting on any food or container. Furthermore, at present, nebulized products or toxic chemicals cannot be used to control dipterans in this type of facility, since food products would also be contaminated [Lorenzo-Fernández JM 2007. Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) (fruit fly) with kaolin (Surround WP) in medium-sized fruit crops on the island of La Palma-Canarias. Phytoma Spain: the professional journal of plant health. 190: 55-57].

Semi-chemical substances can play an important role in the control of these insects. These substances are the volatile chemicals that allow organisms to interact with their congeners, with organisms of other species, and with their environment. They include pheromones, allomones, kairomones, attractants and repellants [Wood, W.F. 1983. Chemical ecology: chemical communication in nature. J. Chem. Educat. 60 (7): 531-539].

To find their hosts, the Diptera are guided by their olfactory ability located in the antennae. They remotely detect the volatile substances they give off corpses, wounds, feces, urine, etc. These substances therefore have a kairomonal effect towards Diptera.

In some studies, the response of the dipteran Lucilia sericata towards different compounds released from a corpse has already been evaluated, the most effective being butan-1 -ol and dimethyl disulfide [Frederickx C, Dekeirsschieter J, Verheggen F, & Haubruge E.

2012. Responses of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to cadaveric volatile organic compounds. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 57 (2), 386-390]. Their response to carbon dioxide released from respiration has also been analyzed [Wall R & Warnes ML 1994. Responses of the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata to carrion odor and carbon-dioxide. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 73: 239-246]. These studies demonstrate the efficacy as an attractant that semiochemicals can have.

Another study [Gallego D, Galián J, Diez JJ, & Pajares JA 2008. Kairomonal response of Tomicus destruens (Col., Scolytidae) to volatile hosts a-pirene and ethanol. J. Appl. Entomol. 132: 654-662] analyzes the kairomonal effect of a-pyrene and ethanol as attractants of the Tomicus destruens beetle and highlights the importance of the synergistic effect between both substances at different concentrations. Based on their results, the best combination is 300mg / day of a-pyrene and 900 or 1800mg / day of ethanol.

These studies show that it is necessary to explore the synergies between different compounds in order to enhance the attractive capacity, since it is necessary to find an attractant whose attractive power is more powerful than the natural smell of livestock or food remains in the domestic environment or in catering establishments. Using several substances with a synergistic effect would make the trap more effective, compared to any other trap that only uses a particular substance.

Until now, the control of dipterans in open areas is carried out by means of mass capture thanks to traps baited with liquids formulated based on hydrolyzed vegetable proteins, diammonium phosphate, etc., which produce an unpleasant odor [Ros JP, Wong E & Castillo E 2001. Improved attraction of hydrolyzed proteins for Ceratitis capitata Wied. by adding synthetic substances to the solution of the flycatchers. Bol San Veg Plagas. 27: 199-205]. In premises of food or the like is limited to conventional glue traps due to the bad smell of the attractants discussed above. These traps give off a very unpleasant smell, so they can only be used in open places. There are other traps that use pheromones as an attractant, but in these cases the effect is specific to a single species.

Therefore, it would be desirable to have a dipteran and other insect attractant composition that provides an improved alternative to currently used insecticides and traps. So that this composition solves the problems of the traps and insecticides of the state of the art, that is, it does not give off bad odors, it can be used in closed spaces and it is more powerful and versatile.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In a first aspect, the present invention refers to a composition that comprises the following components in equal parts:

• butanol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and putrescine; or

• butanol and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS); or

• butanol and dimethyl sulfide (DMS); or

• butanol and putrescine; or

• putrescine and acetic acid.

The attractant composition of the present invention uses several components known to possess insect attractant properties but which, as a result of changes in the physical properties of some of the components, as well as through a synergistic effect between other components, results in a attractant effect greater than that exhibited by the individual components alone. The present invention also provides a means to produce a stable and odorless formulation which, upon mixing with an aqueous solution, produces the attractant effect on dipterans and other insects.

In another embodiment the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the components are butanol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and putrescine in equal parts.

In another embodiment, the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the components are diluted between 0.1 and 10% (v / v) in distilled water, preferably where the components are diluted between 0.1 and 5% (v / v) in distilled water, and more preferably where the components are diluted 5% (v / v) in distilled water.

Specifically, the attractant composition consists of a mixture of semiochemical substances made up of butanol (1-butanol or butyl alcohol), dimethyl disulfide and putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane), between 0.1 and. 5% (v / v) concentration diluted in distilled water, observing that concentrations higher than 5% (v / v) produce saturation and do not increase the attraction effect. This is an effective concentration, as a higher concentration does not provide better effects due to saturation of the insect's chemical receptors. The substances of the composition attract insects for different reasons. Alcohols are generally attractive; in the specific case of butanol, it has proven to be the most effective for the composition object of protection, in addition to serving as a dispersing agent. Dimethyl disulfide is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs and has been found to be more effective than the most similar option (dimethyl sulfide). Its attractant function is similar to hydrolyzed proteins used in current commercial traps. Finally, putrescine is a substance that decaying corpses give off and that is much more attractive than another substance with the same origin (cadaverine). Its attractive function is more oriented to the specimens that go to wounds, meat in bad condition or corpses. The choice of this mixture of substances has been made through physiological (electroantenography) and ethological (wind tunnel) experiments.

In another embodiment, the invention refers to the composition defined above, characterized in that it is in a gelled, liquid or solid state, and preferably in a gelled state.

In another embodiment the invention relates to the composition defined above, which further comprises a gelatin.

Gelatin is used to gel the composition. Any gelatin can be used, for example VWR Life Sciences Amresco ®.

In another embodiment the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the amounts of the components in a final volume of 5 ml are 0.083 ml of each component, 0.083 ml of gelatin and the rest, up to the final volume of 5 ml, of distilled water.

In another embodiment the invention refers to the composition defined above, where the amounts of the components in a final volume of 5 ml are:

- 4.66 ml distilled water;

- 0.083 ml gelatin;

- 0.083 ml butanol;

- 0.083 ml DMDS; Y

- 0.083 ml putrescine

Therefore, the composition gels so that the evaporation of the product is more progressive, improving its durability. Alternatively, the composition can be presented in a liquid or solid state, although its durability and attractiveness could be altered. In this sense, in the liquid state the composition evaporates too quickly and in the solid state the time necessary for it to provide the attraction effect is ostensibly longer.

This composition can be used in combination with different types of traps, mechanical or non-mechanical, electrocutors, disperser baits, or in combination with one or more insecticidal agents.

Thus, in another embodiment the invention refers to the composition defined above, in combination with one or more insecticidal agents, and preferably where the insecticidal agents are selected from terpenes, phenols, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, thiophenes, flavonoids, abamectin, cyromazine, oxamyl and diazinon.

Thus, the present invention provides a method for the preparation of a dipteran and other insect attractant composition. This composition improves the products indicated in the state of the art for the same purpose since it proposes an attractant that produces an imperceptible odor for humans, so it can be used inside buildings without being annoying to the human nose.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the composition of the invention for the control of populations of diptera and / or other insects.

In another embodiment the invention relates to the use of the composition defined above, where the diptera are selected from Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae , Drosophilidae and Muscidae.

In another embodiment the invention relates to the use of the composition defined above, where the diptera are selected from Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae.

In another embodiment the invention relates to the use of the composition defined above, where the dipteran is Lucilia.

In another embodiment the invention relates to the use of the composition defined above, where the other insects are selected from Lepidoptera and Coleoptera.

Thus, other advantages of the invention is that it has a broad spectrum synergistic effect, which favors the attraction of various species of diptera such as ( Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Drosophilidae and Muscidae) and other insects (such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera). This attractiveness means that the new composition is able to eliminate a greater number of copies and in a more rapid way, compared to other attractants on the market.

The synergism between the substances that are part of the composition translates into a product with an improved attracting capacity, achieving a positive effect of up to 27.8% more drop in specimens with respect to non-baited traps, attracting diptera and others. insects to a specific point, such as a baited trap or control traps.

Another aspect of the invention relates to an insecticide or trap comprising the composition defined above, and preferably where the trap is a mechanical trap, a non-mechanical trap, an electrocutioner or a disperser bait.

Throughout the description and claims, the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or Steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

EXAMPLES

The invention will be illustrated below by means of tests carried out by the inventors, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the product of the invention.

A Syntech Hilversum equipment was used for the electroanthenography tests. This equipment consists of an electrode in which an antenna is arranged to measure its electrophysiological activity when stimulated with certain substances. The substances tested were: ammonia (as proof of connection), hexane (as reference), putrescine, cadaverine, butanol, indole, isobutanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) . Those that produced the best results were used to make mixtures that were: "butanol DMDS", "butanol DMS", "butanol putrescine", "putrescine acetic acid", "butanol DMDS putrescine" and "butanol DMDS acetic acid". The results showed that either combination produced a physiological signal at least 21.63% greater. In the case of the "butanol DMDS putrescine" combination, the signal reached a 46.29% greater amplitude.

The wind tunnel tests were carried out with a tunnel made of transparent methacrylate. Its dimensions are: 1.20 m length, 0.42 width and 0.42 height. It has an area to deposit the attractant and four fans covering the entire base of the tunnel. The speed is adjustable thanks to a single control with 10 different points. The wind flow created is a turbulent flow so that the wind speed is not constant in all parts of the tunnel. To measure it, an anemometer was placed 20 cm from the fans. Point 10 (highest) achieves a speed of 9-12 km / h, point 1 achieves 1-3 km / h. The same substances and the same mixtures were used for these tests. Several specimens were subjected to each of the substances during 10-minute tests. Flight time, flight progress, walking progress and total standing time were measured. The combinations were analyzed in the same way. The ethological response of specimens was higher in the case of combinations, being the "DMDS putrescine butanol" the most effective in all variables, up to 75.47%.

The result of these tests resulted in the choice of the mixture "butanol DMDS putrescine" as the mixture with the greatest synergistic effect on attraction. This effect increased the physiological response by 46.29% and the ethological response by 75.47%. with respect to the greater response obtained with separate substances, evidencing the synergistic effect of the mixture.

The final amounts of the components of the mixtures in a final volume of 5 ml are 0.083 ml of each component, 0.083 ml of gelatin and the rest, up to the final volume of 5 ml, of distilled water. Thus, for example, the composition of the mixture of "putrescine DMDS butanol" is: 4.66 ml distilled water, 0.083 ml gelatin, 0.083 ml butanol, 0.083 ml DMDS and 0.083 ml putrescine. Some results can be observed in the following tables:

Electroantenography results of a mixture of substances compared to the most effective substance separately (putrescine).

Regarding Composition Sarcophagidae (1) Lucilia (2) Medium (1) and (2) putrescine A 100 100 100 Putrescine = 100% B 207.86 270.70 239.28 121.63

C 217.89 319.70 268.79 136.63

D 298.19 283.62 290.91 147.87

E 277.01 285.68 281.35 143.01

F 270.10 305.51 287.80 146.29

G 285.33 340.56 312.95 159.08 Composition: (A) Hexane; (B) Butanol DMDS; (C) Butanol DMS; (D) Putrescin A. Acetic; (E) Butanol Putrescine; (F) Butanol DMDS Putrescine; (G) Butanol DMDS Á. Acetic

Wind Tunnel Results for substance mixtures.

Flight Distance Distance Time

active flight walking standing Medium Composition (sec) (m) (m) (min) movement B 3 3.03 0.78 6.5 1.905

C 1.9 1.87 0.8 7.1 1.335

D 2.5 2.48 1.07 6.1 1.775

E 12.8 13.23 0.27 5.7 6.75

F 18.1 19.32 0.35 4.5 9.835

G 11.1 11.71 0.36 4.8 6.035 Composition: (B) Butanol DMDS; (C) Butanol DMS; (D) Putrescin A. Aceticum; (E) Butane! Putrescine; (F) Butanol DMDS Putrescine; (G) Butanol DMDS Á. Acetic

Comparative results of the Wind Tunnel analysis.

Putrescine A. Butanol DMDS Composition

Putrescin acetic

Distance

1.07

walking (m)

With respect to

Putrescine = 100% 162.12

putrescine

Flight distance (m) - 19.32

With respect to

Lactic = 100% 145.15

lactic

With respect to

Butanol = 100% 178.72

butanol

Half moving 9,835

With respect to

Lactic = 100% 144.42

lactic

With respect to

Butanol = 100% 175.47

butanol

For the field tests, drop traps with glue sheets with fluorescent light were used, which are those used by law in establishments related to food. The trial lasted six months. The traps were placed in the target locations (a restaurant, a sports facility bar, a confectionery factory, a cutting room, and a supermarket), where one trap was always near the door and another at the back. To prime one of these traps, 5 ml of the chosen substance were introduced into an impermeable cylinder with a circular opening. They were left to act for 15 days and the glue plates were changed. In addition, the bait was changed and the trap was also changed, to be able to compare the fall that occurs in the traps near the door and the bottom.

Finally, a one-month trial was carried out keeping the same bait in the same trap to verify the long-term effectiveness of the attractant.

From these tests it was obtained as a result that the drop of specimens was increased between 23.1 and 27.8%, respectively, with respect to the non-baited traps.

Claims (12)

1. Composition comprising in equal parts the following components: butanol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and putrescine; or butanol and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS); or butanol and dimethyl sulfide (DMS); or butanol and putrescine; or putrescine and acetic acid. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the components are butanol, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and putrescine in equal parts. 3. The composition according to any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the components are diluted between 0.1 and 10% (v / v) in distilled water. 4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the components are diluted 5% (v / v) in distilled water. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is in a gelled, liquid or solid state. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in combination with one or more insecticidal agents. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the insecticidal agents are selected from terpenes, phenols, alkaloids, cyanogenic glucosides, thiophenes, flavonoids, abamectin, cyromazine, oxamyl and diazinon. 8. Use of the composition of any of claims 1 to 7 for the control of populations of Diptera and / or other insects. 9. The use according to claim 8, wherein the Diptera are selected from Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Fanniidae , Drosophilidae and Muscidae. 10. The use according to any of claims 8 or 9, wherein the other insects are selected from Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. 11. Insecticide or trap comprising the composition of any of claims 1 to 7. 12. The insecticide or trap according to claim 11, wherein the trap is a mechanical trap, a non-mechanical trap, an electrocutioner or a disperser bait.