ES2784920B2 - MACHINE AND PROCESS OF UNWINDING AND WINDING THREAD AT A SPEED GREATER THAN 1M / S - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Machine and process of unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present application is the registration of a machine and a process of unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1 m / s, controlling the tensions of the yarn that occur in the unwinding and winding process and thus avoiding the breakage of the yarn. thread.

SCOPE

The field of application of the present invention is framed in the textile industry sector of any type of yarns or fibers, both natural and synthetic, especially delicate yarns such as fiberglass yarns.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the textile sector, yarn unwinding and winding machines are known.

For example, in the fiberglass sector, the glass melted in the furnace is extruded into multiple filaments of a few microns in diameter that are grouped together to form a fiberglass thread that is wound by means of special winders for this application on some flexible paper-cardboard containers or joints, mostly with an internal diameter of 300 mm and a length of 300 mm, commonly known in English as "cakes".

Said fiberglass primary yarn is classified by its thickness or yarn count according to the amount of bundled filaments and is measured in units of thousands of meters per kilogram (Metric Number, Nm) or more common in the sector grams per 1000m of yarn (Tex).

This primary container or "cake" with the fiberglass wound from the oven must be transformed into a secondary container with a bottle-shaped format in plastic reels, called "bottles" in order to be marketed.

Currently this transformation from the primary container or "cake" to the secondary container or "bottle" is carried out with multi-position ring twisting machines where the "cake" acts as a means of delivery of motorized yarn and the "bottle" acts as means of Yarn collection also motorized in order to minimize friction of the fiber during the process and not damage the glass filaments that are very sensitive to friction.

Said machines take advantage of the operating principle of ring twisting to change the format from "cake" to "bottle", at the same time conferring a low degree of twist to the yarn, therefore said transformation or unwinding / winding of "cake" is carried out. "bottle" applying certain twists per meter to the yarn, mostly between 10 to 40 tpm or twists per meter according to the needs to be produced.

The problem with these twisting machines is that they are not capable of transforming or unwinding / winding with 0 tpm twist, that is, the yarn keeps the fibers in parallel and therefore they cannot be used to supply the industry that needs fiber yarn. twist-free glass for certain applications.

Due to the geometry of the "cake" and "bobbin" type bobbins, during the unwinding and winding process, the yarn tension undergoes sudden tension changes. The change in thread tension is caused by the relative position of the thread exit point with respect to the spool that delivers the thread or by the relative position of the thread entry point with respect to the bobbin that picks up the thread. For example:

• The bobbins are uneven and therefore, when the thread exit point is at a point on the bobbin with a diameter smaller than the rest, the thread exit speed is slower and causes an overvoltage in the thread.

• On the other hand, when the exit point of the thread is at a point on the bobbin with a diameter greater than the rest, the exit speed of the thread is higher and causes a low tension in the thread.

In order to avoid yarn breaks caused by a sudden change in yarn tension, twisting machines regulate the yarn tension basically through the slider, and apply a sufficiently regular tension to the yarn within a range of tension. acceptable throughout the process.

However, these twisting machines, although they work above 1 m / s, always apply torque to the yarn.

Other solutions to yarn breakage caused by a sudden change in yarn tension are the incorporation of a mechanism that keeps the yarn tension stable, such as a roller with a spring located between the yarn delivery means or "cake" and the yarn or "bottle" collecting means. However, this solution is generally not sensitive enough to absorb voltage changes below a threshold and at operating speeds greater than 1 m / s.

Although fiberglass yarn in a "bottle" format and without twisting is a need that is increasingly in demand by certain consumers, there is currently no machine that transforms a fiberglass "cake" into a "bottle". with the fibers in parallel, that is to say without twisting, and at a certain speed or productivity that makes said transformation profitable without altering or deteriorating the quality of the yarn.

As a summary of the previous explanation, there are certain difficulties of said transformation from "cake" to "bottle" without twisting in fiberglass, which are:

• both the “cake” format and the “bottle” format are constantly and rapidly varying the unwinding and winding diameters (as the cake empties at the same time as the bottle is filling), which makes it difficult to regulate the voltage instantaneously at high transformation rates.

• the tension on the wire must be at very low values of between 2 cN to 200 cN of direct tension on the wire measured just before the winding entry to obtain an adequate quality of the wire, bobbin hardness and not to deteriorate it.

• the combination of the two previous points with a high transformation speed greater than 1m / sec is also an important element since the threads are certainly fine and it would not be profitable to process at speeds lower than approximately 1m / sec

Certainly at slow speeds lower than 1m / sec, such transformation could be possible with the current state of the art, but the resulting machine would not be profitable since it would have a very high return on investment and not accepted by the market. Therefore, there is still a certain technological space to transform or unwind / wind fiberglass yarn without twisting from cake to bottle and at high speeds that make said transformation profitable without altering or deteriorating the quality of the yarn.

The machine and the process of unwinding and winding yarn without twisting and at a speed greater than 1m / s object of the invention is not only useful for fiberglass yarn, but it is also useful for any type of yarn or natural textile fibers or synthetic

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The device that the invention proposes is configured as a novelty within its field of application, the characterizing details that distinguish it are conveniently collected in the final claims that accompany this specification.

As a result of the aforementioned technological need, a machine has been developed in the present invention for unwinding and winding, that is, transforming yarn at high speed (speed greater than 1 m / s), for example fiberglass yarn from cake to bottle. without applying twist to the thread. Transforming the yarn means unwinding the yarn from a yarn delivery spool, for example a first spool or "cake" and, in line, winding the yarn on a yarn collection spool, for example on a second spool in bottle format. , through a reciprocating or folding system, at a certain speed and tension of the thread.

The first object of the patent is a machine for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without applying twist to the yarn that comprises

• a rotating yarn delivery means comprising a yarn delivery spool and a motor (M1)

• a rotating yarn collecting means comprising a yarn collecting spool, reciprocating means defining the geometry of the spool, and a motor (M2)

where at least the yarn delivery means or the yarn collection means comprises a torque limiting means with a torque limiting value (Zmax) and where there is always a sliding speed (Vdes), understood as the difference in absolute value of angular velocity the angular velocity of the motor shaft associated with the torque limiting means and the angular velocity of the spool associated with the torque limiting means, in such a way that it is possible to establish the thread tension (Twork) measured between the reciprocating means and the take-up spool during the transformation process and consequently to be able to maintain said thread tension (Twork) below a maximum stress (tmax) and above a minimum stress (tmin) modifying only the sliding speed (Vdes).

In a preferred embodiment, the torque limiting value (Zmax) is between 0.001 N * m to 0.15N * m in such a way that the thread tension (Twork) is not greatly affected when unexpected changes appear in the sliding speed. (You).

In a preferred embodiment, the rotary torque limiting means between the motor and the yarn delivery means or the yarn collection means form part of the motor itself in such a way that the motor's output shaft itself slides from a certain value of electrical torque applied to the motor.

In a preferred embodiment, the torque limiting means is at least one bearing located between the motor shaft and the coil with a torque limiting value (Z) caused by friction between the inner and outer ring of the bearing.

In an alternative embodiment when a higher torque limiting value is needed, the torque limiting means are at least two bearings located between the motor shaft and the coil, the bearings with a determined axial preload relative to each other. By tightening the two inner rings of the bearings against the balls, the friction between both parts goes up and the torque limiting value goes up.

Preferably, the machine comprises means for controlling the speed of the motors of the yarn delivery means and of the yarn collection means, consequently of the sliding speed (Vdes) and of the yarn tension (Twork) in such a way that it is possible to adapt the sliding speed (Vdes) to the different situations that cause an increase in the thread tension (Twork) in order to keep said thread tension below a maximum tension (tmax) and above a minimum voltage (tmin).

As explained above, the yarn tension depends on the geometry, that is to say the folding, the yarn delivery means and the yarn take-up means.

In this sense, preferably, the control means comprise means for detecting the instantaneous unwinding and winding diameters of the yarn delivery spool and / or the yarn take-up spool.

The means for capturing the instantaneous unwinding and winding diameters of the yarn delivery spool and / or the yarn take-up spool are preferably distance sensors or it is a computer program that calculates the instantaneous unwinding and winding diameters of the yarn delivery spools and / or the yarn take-up spool based on the initial geometry of the yarn delivery spool and based on the geometry of the yarn take-up spool over the working time of the machine.

The inertia of the yarn delivery spool as well as the inertia of the spool of yarn take-up affect the yarn tension (Twork) so it is interesting to compensate the value of the sliding speed (Vdes) to maintain the desired yarn tension (Twork) during the transformation process.

There are moments during the unwinding / winding cycle in which sudden diameter changes occur both in the unwinding reel and in the winding reel with the consequent variation in the linear speed of the yarn that this implies and which is reflected in the operation as a vibration composed of a pull and a relaxation on the thread and very fast in time at high unwinding / winding speeds.

To absorb these vibrations, the equipment preferably comprises anti-vibration means of the yarn caused by a rise in the yarn tension (Twork) followed by a rapid reduction in the tension (Twork).

In a preferred embodiment, the anti-vibration means of the yarn are mechanical and can absorb the increase and / or reduction of the yarn length between the yarn delivery means and the yarn collection means, maintaining the yarn tension (Twork) between the maximum voltage (tmax) programmed and the minimum voltage (tmin).

In an even more preferred embodiment, the anti-vibration means comprise a free rotating guide roller attached to the end of a flexible rod with a section between 1mm2 to 40mm 2 fixed to the machine with a distance P of between 200mm to 1500mm and allowing it to flex at a thread tension of between 2 to 200 cN and absorb a thread length of 50 to 1500 mm of thread and with a tension stroke Tmax. 300cN thread

Another object of the patent is the process of unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting, applicable with a machine such as those described above that comprises a stage in which modifying the sliding speed (Vdes), for example When an increase or decrease in the thread tension (Twork) is expected, the thread tension (Twork) can be adjusted in order to keep the thread tension (Twork) below a maximum tension (tmax) and above of a minimum voltage (tmin).

In a preferred embodiment, the modification of the sliding speed is automatically controlled by control means which, depending on variables, such as instantaneous unwinding and winding diameters of the yarn delivery spool and / or the take-up spool of the thread and the weight of the bobbins decide the sliding speed to keep the thread tension (Twork) between the maximum tension (tmax) and the minimum tension (tmin

In a preferred embodiment, the process of unwinding and winding the yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting also comprises the following steps in this order.

• Keep the wire delivery means stopped while the motor associated with the wire take-up means is rotated at a speed such that the sliding speed is adequate to obtain the tension of the working wire, taking into account the torque of glide. At this stage the thread is taut.

• Increase the rotational speed of the motor associated with the yarn delivery means while increasing the speed associated with the yarn delivery means in such a way that the sliding speed remains above 0rpm and is such that causes the thread tension (Twork) to be neither higher than the maximum tension (tmax) nor lower than the minimum tension (tmin) during the entire work cycle.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to To aid in a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present specification is accompanied, as an integral part thereof, by a set of drawings in which the following has been represented for illustrative and non-limiting purposes:

Figure 1: Shows an unwinding and winding machine indicating its main components.

Figures 2-A, 2-B and 2-C: Shows different types of delivery bobbin folding and yarn take-up bobbins.

Figure 3: Shows the constituent parts of the anti-vibration means with a flexible rod rolling guide.

Figure 4: Shows the constituent parts of the anti-vibration means with 2 flexible rod rolling guides.

Figure 5: Shows the constituent parts of the torque limiting means with two bearings

Figure 6: Shows the constituent parts of the torque limiting means with two bearings axially preloaded with each other.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures and, in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be seen in them, which comprises the parts and elements that are indicated and described in detail below.

First preferred embodiment of the invention

In this preferred embodiment, the yarn unwinding or delivery means are motorized and consequently are those that regulate the unwinding speed (Vlin) of the yarn. In this embodiment, the machine comprises rotary torque limiting means between the motor and the yarn take-up spool. This configuration of the machine can be seen in figure 1.

The yarn delivery means (23) are composed of the delivery spool (1) that is fixed to the rotating shaft (2) through fixing means such as an extensible / compressible pneumatic actuation system that fixes the means thread delivery, for example, a coil inside the cardboard tube, and makes them integral with the shaft (2).

On the same axis (2) is coupled the motor (4) that transmits the rotary movement to the yarn delivery means with an angular speed W1 revolutions per minute or rpm.

The yarn (5) coming from the spool delivery means (1) is continuously unwinding in a perpendicular direction with an instantaneous unwinding diameter (D1) changing as it is emptied and unwinds through the conical areas of the sides of the the yarn delivery means (1).

The wire (5) passes through the anti-vibration system (10), such as the one illustrated in figure 3, which consists of passing the wire through two free rolling guides (6) fixed to the frame of the machine and at least one guide free rolling (6 '), which is attached to the end of a flexible rod (11) of section (S), preferably between 1 and 40 mm2, and fixed to the machine at a distance (P) that allows it to flex and absorb at least a total length (L1max. + L2Max.-L1min.-L2min) of 400 mm of wire and with a travel of voltage Tmax. of 300cN yarn through the bending of the rod produced by the yarn tension.

The configured tension Tmax will always be equal to or greater than the working tension Twork and will never be equal to or less than 0cN, otherwise the thread would relax.

The antivibration system (10) can be combined in many ways, for example in a case where there is no rolling guide (6) fixed directly to the machine and all are rolling guides (6 ') associated with flexible rods (11, 11') each one with its respective rod of section (S), preferably between 1 and 40mm2, and with fixing distances P that can be different and preferably between 200mm and 1500mm. The antivibration system (10) can comprise at least one rolling guide with a flexible rod in the system to be able to absorb the required amount of wire.

The anti-vibration system (10) can be adjusted in various ways, such as absorbing a total length of L1max + L2max-L1min-L2min wire of between 50mm and 1000mm combined with a tension within the Twork working tension range of between 2 to 200cN In this preferred embodiment, the antivibration system has been adjusted to 400mm of wire absorption at 300cN of Tmax tension with two machine-fixed rolling guides (6) and a rolling guide (6 ') with flexible rod (11) of S = 6mm2 of recessed section to the frame of the machine at a distance P of 500mm.

The thread leaves the antivibration system (10) and goes to the reciprocating or folding system (7), as shown in figure 1, where said thread is guided by the free rolling guide (8) that rotates under the pull of the Its own thread (5) and has a back and forth linear movement along the traverse of the means for collecting the thread or winding spool (9). The thread (5) coming out of The rolling guide (8) of the reciprocating mechanism is directed to the winding system (22) as seen in figure 1 where it is wound on the thread pick-up spool or winding spool (9) which is attached to the shaft (16 ') and with an instantaneous winding diameter D2 and is folded or moved according to the sequence of movements of the reciprocating system (7) to obtain the desired fold shape, for example bottle shape.

The reciprocating system (7) can be driven by any linear drive means such as a motor with a threaded spindle (14) where a threaded nut (15) on the spindle attached to the rolling guide (8) moves in one direction linear or other depending on the speed and direction of rotation of the motor and an encoder E to know the position at all times of the rolling guide (8) and that together the entire system is directed and controlled by means of programming functions and computation preferably located in a PLC or programmable automaton.

The collection means (22) that is observed in figure 1 comprises a torque limiting means (12) fixed between the motor shaft (16) and the coil shaft (16 ') in such a way that the collection coil (22) slides rotationally when the angular speed W2 of the motor (13) is greater than the angular speed W2 'of the take-up reel (9). The torque limiting value (Zmax) should be set between 0.001 and 0.15 N * m and even more preferably is 0.005 N * m. The choice of the torque limitation value (Zmax) is made as a function of the tension (Twork) to be applied to the wire in combination with the applied sliding revolutions.

In this case, that is, when the torque limiter is located on the pickup means, the angular speed of the motor W2 is always greater than the angular speed of the pickup spool (W2 '), the value W2-W2' = Vdes the sliding speed of the torque limiter (12). The sliding speed (Vdes) together with the value of the torque limitation that in this preferred example, it is set to 0.005 N * m which regulates the thread tension (Twork).

In the case that the torque limiter is located in the delivery means (23) between the motor (4) and the coil (1), the angular speed of the motor W1 is always less than the angular speed W1 'of the coil of delivery (1) and slippage also occurs Vdes = W1-W1 '

The angular velocity of the take-up reel (W2 ') is associated with the angular velocity of the delivery reel (W1), the unwinding diameter D1, and the instantaneous winding diameter D2, that is, any change in linear speed of the thread (5) and the diameter D2 and D1 of the winding spool (9) and unwinding spool (1) cause the angular speed W2 'of the winding spool (9) to change.

Therefore, the tension on the yarn (t) is generated during the entire work cycle as a function of (W2) with respect to (W2 '), the following being the case:

sliding speed of the torque limiter Vdes = W2-W2 '

In this embodiment, when the torque limiter is located on the take-up spool, the sliding speed (Vdes) must be positive to always generate tension on the thread (Twork). greater than 0 cN which is the minimum stress (tmin). At a higher sliding speed, the tension applied to the wire (Twork) will be higher, and on the contrary, if the sliding speed (Vdes) is very small, the tension applied to the wire (Twork) will be very small, keeping the value of torque limitation (Zmax).

In this preferred embodiment, the yarn is 30 Tex fiberglass and the linear speed of the yarn is 300 m / min (5m / s) although they can be greater as 400m / min or 500 m / min or even more and, W2 - W2 '= 100 sliding rpm and that in these circumstances a tension on the wire (t) of 30cN is generated

Second preferred embodiment of the invention

The torque limiter (12) is a well-known mechanical element in the state of the art, although in the case of the present invention since it must be adjusted with very small sliding torque values of between 0.001 and 0.15 N * m , makes a very effective limiter for this application to be at least one bearing where the bearing's own torque is that necessary to transmit the movement of the inner ring to the outer ring or vice versa, that is, it can be in values of 0.001 N * m. At least one bearing of any type, balls, rollers, friction, needles, axial etc ... is a torque transmitter with a very small value within the range of 0.001 to 0.15 N * m effective that provides a solution in the present invention

According to figure 5, the means that pick up the wire (9) or pick-up spool is concentric to the shaft (16 '') through ball bearings (17 and 17 '), each acting as torque limiters and allowing the transmission of a certain torque (associated with the limiters 17 and 17 ') between the shaft 16' 'and the coil 9. In this case, the coil is axially fixed by the limit bushings (18 and 18').

Third preferred embodiment of the invention

Depending on the torque to be transmitted, as the torque limiter torque limiting values required are larger where at least one bearing is not sufficient for it, a way to increase the torque is detailed below. torque limiter transmission.

As can be seen in figure 6, it is envisaged that the torque limiting means comprise at least two bearings (19 and 19 ') mounted on the same support (20) and limited axial movement of the shaft (16' ') through of the retainer sleeves (18 '' and 18 '' '). The inner rings of the bearings (19 and 19 ') are preloaded by a force F of the axial component that the spring (21) performs against the balls of said bearings (19 and 19'), causing the force F to cause the torque to transmit together is greater than the sum of the torques that transmit individually without preload F. In this way the two bearings that individually without preload F, transmit a joint torque, for example of 0.01 N * m when subjected to preload F, the transmission torque or limiting torque of the system can be increased in such a way that depending on the preload value of F, even higher values of 0.1 N * m can be reached in a controlled manner, covering all possibilities of limiting for which are claimed in the present invention.

Claims (11)

1 Machine for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting that includes • a rotating yarn delivery means comprising a yarn delivery spool, a motor (M1) and a torque limiting means with a torque limiting value (Zmax) and always causing a sliding speed (Vdes), understood as the difference in angular speed, the angular speed of the motor shaft associated with the torque limiting means and the angular speed of the coil associated with the torque limiting means • a rotating yarn collecting means comprising a yarn collecting spool, reciprocating means defining the geometry of the spool, and a motor (M2) in such a way that it is possible to establish the thread tension (Twork) measured between the reciprocating means and the take-up spool during the transformation process and consequently to be able to keep said thread tension (Twork) below a maximum tension (tmax) and above a minimum voltage (tmin) modifying only the sliding speed (Vdes) characterized in that the limiting means of the motor torque are at least one bearing with a sliding torque between the coil and the motor shaft. 2. Machine for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to claim 1, characterized in that • the torque limitation value (Zmax) is between 0.001 N * m to 0.15N * m in such a way that the thread tension (Twork) is not greatly affected when unexpected changes appear in the sliding speed (Vdes). 3. Machine for unwinding and winding yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torque limiting means are part of the motor assembly. 4. Machine for unwinding and winding yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the torque limiting means are at least two bearings with an axial preload between the spool determined between the spool. and the motor shaft. 5. Machine for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for controlling the speed of the motors of the yarn delivery means and of the means for collecting the yarn. thread, consequently of the sliding speed (Vdes) and lastly the thread tension (Twork) in such a way that it is possible to adapt the sliding speed (Vdes) to the different situations that cause an increase in the thread tension (Twork ) in order to keep said yarn tension below a maximum tension (tmax) and above a minimum tension (tmin). 6. Machine for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to claim 5, characterized in that the control means comprise means for capturing the instantaneous unwinding and winding diameters of the yarn delivery spools and / or or the thread take-up spool. 7. Machine for unwinding and winding yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for capturing the unwinding and winding diameters snapshots of the yarn delivery spool and / or the yarn take-up spool are distance sensors. 8. Wire unwinding and winding machine at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to claim 6, characterized in that the means for capturing the instantaneous unwinding and winding diameters of the wire delivery spools and / or the bobbin The yarn take-up spool is a computer program that calculates the instantaneous unwind and wind-up diameters of the yarn delivery spool and / or the yarn take-up spool based on the initial geometry of the yarn delivery spool and based on the geometry of the yarn take-up spool throughout the working time of the machine. 9. Machine for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises mechanical anti-vibration means of the yarn that can absorb the increase and / or reduction of the length of the yarn between the yarn delivery means and the yarn take-up means keeping the yarn tension (Twork) between the programmed maximum tension (tmax) and the minimum tension (tmin). 10. - Machine for unwinding and winding of wire at a speed greater than 1m / s and without twisting according to any of claim 9 characterized in that the anti-vibration means comprise a flexible rod with a section between 1mm2 to 40mm2 and fixed to the machine with a distance P of between 200 mm to 1500 mm that allows it to flex at the wire tension of between 2 to 200 cN and absorb a wire length of 50 to 1000 mm of wire and with a tension stroke Tmax. 300cN mm thread. 11. Procedure for unwinding and winding of yarn at a speed greater than 1 m / s and without twisting applicable with a machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following steps in this order. • Keep the wire delivery means stopped while the motor associated with the wire take-up means is rotated at a speed such that the sliding speed is adequate to obtain the tension of the working wire, taking into account the torque of glide. • Increase the rotational speed of the motor associated with the yarn delivery means while increasing the speed associated with the yarn delivery means in such a way that the sliding speed remains above 0rpm and is such that causes the thread tension (Twork) to be neither higher than the maximum tension (tmax) nor lower than the minimum tension (tmin) during the entire work cycle.