ES2738927A1 - PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CELL MATERIALS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CELL MATERIALS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2738927A1
ES2738927A1 ES201830772A ES201830772A ES2738927A1 ES 2738927 A1 ES2738927 A1 ES 2738927A1 ES 201830772 A ES201830772 A ES 201830772A ES 201830772 A ES201830772 A ES 201830772A ES 2738927 A1 ES2738927 A1 ES 2738927A1
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Prior art keywords
manufacture
prepared
cellular
materials
percarbonate
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ES201830772A
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Spanish (es)
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Miguelez Angel Gutierrez
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Universidad de Alicante
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Universidad de Alicante
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Priority to ES201830772A priority Critical patent/ES2738927A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Prepared for the manufacture of cellular materials. Consisting of a group of three products that create for themselves the process of creating bubbles within the matrix of a material by the decomposition of percarbonate, for the creation of cell cavities within the material. All this done in the materials and with the appropriate techniques that favor the creation of cavities in each case. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

Preparado para la fabricación de materiales celularesPrepared for the manufacture of cellular materials

CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La presente invención se refiere a un preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares para la construcción, el aislamiento, prótesis, y procesos en capa fina. El preparado ha sido concebido y realizado para obtener numerosas y notables ventajas respecto a otros medios existentes de análogas finalidades.The present invention relates to a preparation for the manufacture of cellular materials for construction, insulation, prostheses, and thin-layer processes. The preparation has been conceived and carried out to obtain numerous and notable advantages over other existing means of analogous purposes.

El preparado está previsto para lograr la creación de cavidades en el interior de la matriz de un material, cambiando notablemente las propiedades del material y pudiendo aplicarse a un variado grupo de materiales. Para ello, el preparado cuenta con 3 componentes bien diferenciados y que al combinarse formando un único proceso, da como resultado un material característico.The preparation is intended to achieve the creation of cavities inside the matrix of a material, significantly changing the properties of the material and can be applied to a varied group of materials. For this, the preparation has 3 distinct components and that when combined forming a single process, results in a characteristic material.

ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIORSTATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE

Se conocen varios sistemas y dispositivos de fabricación de materiales celulares, que permiten obtener un material con espacios independientes en su interior.Several systems and devices for manufacturing cellular materials are known, which allow obtaining a material with independent spaces inside.

En tal sentido pueden citarse dispositivos basados en espumas sintéticas que se mezclan con el material al que se pretende convertir en celular, de tal forma que las micelas de aire quedan recubiertas del agente espumante y éste a su vez del material.In this sense, devices based on synthetic foams can be mentioned, which are mixed with the material to which it is intended to become cellular, such that the air micelles are covered with the foaming agent and this in turn with the material.

Este sistema presenta diversos inconvenientes, tales como la variación de la composición química del material original, con lo que sus propiedades no solo dependen de la naturaleza del material celular y de la estructura celular, sino también del agente espumante. También está el problema del gran volumen que requiere la espuma, suponiendo unos grandes costes estructurales en logística, para un bajo precio del valor unitario de volumen. También existe un problema con la necesidad de maquinaria específica tanto para su fabricación como para su manejo, ya que requieren bombas para espuma de alta presión, por no mencionar la imposibilidad de fabricarlo "in situ", requiriendo una compleja industria química vinculada, además del coste añadido que supone la complejidad tecnológica que limita los países y aplicaciones a las que se pueden destinar estos materiales.This system has several drawbacks, such as the variation of the chemical composition of the original material, so that its properties depend not only on the nature of the cellular material and the cellular structure, but also on the foaming agent. There is also the problem of the large volume that the foam requires, assuming large structural costs in logistics, for a low price of the unit value of volume. There is also a problem with the need to specific machinery both for its manufacture and for its handling, since they require pumps for high pressure foam, not to mention the impossibility of manufacturing it "in situ", requiring a complex chemical industry linked, in addition to the added cost of the technological complexity that It limits the countries and applications to which these materials can be used.

Igualmente, se conocen otros sistemas basados en el ataque de la cal al aluminio en polvo para la producción de burbujas de hidrógeno, para lo cual basta con añadir estos elementos a la composición de la matriz del material que se pretende convertir en celular. Estos sistemas presentan grandes limitaciones para su aplicación, al depender de la reacción química de ataque al aluminio en polvo mediante otro polvo corrosivo como es la cal. Esto limita el tipo de materiales en los que se puede aplicar este sistema, al poder ser estos atacados por la cal. También está el problema de la naturaleza explosiva del hidrógeno al mezclarse con el aire, por lo que su producción a gran escala ha de ser en instalaciones adecuadas a tal fin. Tampoco se ha de olvidar que en este caso el resultado de la conversión del material en celular ha dejado una composición diferente a la original.Likewise, other systems are known based on the attack of lime on powdered aluminum for the production of hydrogen bubbles, for which it is enough to add these elements to the composition of the matrix of the material to be converted into cellular. These systems have great limitations for their application, depending on the chemical reaction of attack on aluminum powder by another corrosive powder such as lime. This limits the type of materials in which this system can be applied, since these can be attacked by lime. There is also the problem of the explosive nature of hydrogen when mixed with air, so that its large-scale production must be in adequate facilities for this purpose. Nor should it be forgotten that in this case the result of the conversion of the material into a cell phone has left a different composition than the original.

EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

Se hace necesario a la luz de lo anteriormente expuesto, buscar nuevos sistemas para la fabricación de materiales celulares.It is necessary in the light of the above, to look for new systems for the manufacture of cellular materials.

El sistema de la invención presenta una nueva estrategia a la hora de generar las burbujas dentro de la matriz: en vez de introducir una serie de compuestos químicos que la generen, introducimos un compuesto que en sí mismo la genera en su descomposición espontánea, o asistida, en combinación con uno que neutralice los restos que estabilizaban al primero. Para ello usaremos un percarbonato, el cual al descomponerse dará lugar a dióxido de carbono y oxígeno, los cuales crearán las oquedades dentro del material, sin variar la composición de éste, porque los iones que estabilizan el percarbonato se incluirán en otro compuesto que neutralice la reacción y a su vez forme parte de la matriz. De esta forma partiremos de unos productos que interactúan entre ellos para formar una matriz, y elegiremos uno o varios susceptibles de formar parte como productos de la descomposición de un percarbonato, y equilibraremos la composición restando los productos de la descomposición de los productos que forman la matriz.The system of the invention presents a new strategy when it comes to generating bubbles within the matrix: instead of introducing a series of chemical compounds that generate it, we introduce a compound that itself generates in its spontaneous, or assisted decomposition. , in combination with one that neutralizes the remains that stabilized the former. For this we will use a percarbonate, which when decomposed will give rise to carbon dioxide and oxygen, which will create the holes inside the material, without changing its composition, because the ions that stabilize the percarbonate will be included in another compound that neutralizes the reaction and in turn be part of the matrix. In this way we will start from products that interact with each other to form a matrix, and we will choose one or more susceptible of being part as products of the decomposition of a percarbonate, and we will balance the composition by subtracting the products from the decomposition of the products that form the matrix.

También existe la posibilidad de introducir el percarbonato dentro de las reacciones de la formación de los materiales, dando como resultado el desprendimiento asistido de gas dentro de la reacción, lo que no variaría la del producto final químicamente hablando pero sí su estructura física. Todo ello mediante la sustitución de compuestos originales por su percarbonato o los precursores del mismo.There is also the possibility of introducing the percarbonate into the reactions of the formation of the materials, resulting in the assisted release of gas within the reaction, which would not vary that of the final product chemically speaking but its physical structure. All this by replacing original compounds with their percarbonate or its precursors.

Otra posibilidad es que el producto de la descomposición sea de propiedades deseables en la aplicación, en cuyo caso se formulará una adición simple como pueda ser la creación de yeso celular, cuyo preparado será un simple yeso hidráulico con percarbonato de calcio, al presentar el carbonato propiedades favorables como aditivo al yeso. Todo ello sin renunciar a la posibilidad de añadir un sulfato o un óxido de azufre que al combinarse con el percarbonato de calcio y el yeso produzca yeso al 100/100, además de la fase gaseosa responsable de la estructura celular.Another possibility is that the product of the decomposition is of desirable properties in the application, in which case a simple addition such as the creation of cellular plaster will be formulated, whose preparation will be a simple hydraulic plaster with calcium percarbonate, when presenting the carbonate Favorable properties as a plaster additive. All this without sacrificing the possibility of adding a sulfate or sulfur oxide that, when combined with calcium percarbonate and gypsum, produces 100/100 gypsum, in addition to the gas phase responsible for the cellular structure.

Así pues, la estructura celular resultante estaría compuesta por el material que se origina con los componentes originales convirtiéndose éste en celular al presentar en el interior de su matriz cavidades, y sin variar la composición del material ni las propiedades microscópicas del mismo dentro de las láminas de la estructura celular.Thus, the resulting cellular structure would be composed of the material that originates with the original components, making it cellular by presenting cavities inside its matrix, and without varying the composition of the material or the microscopic properties of the same within the sheets. of cell structure.

También se ha previsto el control de la estructura celular, mediante la adición de diversas concentraciones de percarbonato.The control of the cell structure is also provided, by adding various concentrations of percarbonate.

EXPOSICIÓN DETALLADA DE MODOS DE REALIZACIÓNDETAILED EXHIBITION OF REALIZATION MODES

En la actualidad existen muy diferentes materiales y técnicas sobre las que aplicar el proceso para la obtención del preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares. No obstante, por simple economía elegiremos materiales y técnicas generalizadas. Así pues, partiremos de los percarbonatos de sodio, calcio, magnesio y potasio al ser éstos los más disponibles comercialmente. Para la neutralización del resto podemos dejarlo en un carbonato mediante un medio básico o descomponerlo hasta su ion, introduciendo éste en una sal, un quelante o un intercambiador iónico. La descomposición del percarbonato en el caso de que no sea asistida por el propio material la provocaremos mediante luz y calor, siendo la luz del sol un buen agente dada su potencia y coste.At present there are very different materials and techniques on which to apply the process to obtain the preparation for the manufacture of cellular materials. However, for simple economy we will choose generalized materials and techniques. Thus, we will start from sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium percarbonates as these are the most commercially available. For the neutralization of the rest we can leave it in a carbonate by means of a basic medium or decompose it to its ion, introducing it into a salt, a chelator or an ion exchanger. The decomposition of percarbonate in case it is not assisted by the material itself will be caused by light and heat, sunlight being a good agent given its power and cost.

Como ejemplo pondremos la fabricación de hormigón celular para la fabricación de bloques para la construcción de edificios. Para lo cual partiremos de cemento portland rico en Ca2Si y pobre en Ca3Si y de áridos estándar, agua destilada y percarbonato de calcio. Primero volcamos el agua en el molde a fin de humedecer las paredes y asegurar un buen acabado, a continuación añadimos el percarbonato de calcio al cemento portland, y después añadimos el agua con los áridos y lo removemos todo durante un minuto, (aumentando el tiempo de removimiento se consigue un menor volumen y una resistencia mecánica mayor que crece exponencialmente hasta el momento del fraguado en que el material se hace intrabajable). Se deja fraguar durante 3 horas y a continuación se abre para que continúe el proceso en condiciones de alta humedad. Existe también la posibilidad de hacer el hormigón en una hormigonera e introducir el percarbonato de calcio antes de volcar el hormigón en el molde, pero con este proceso la superficie del bloque tendrá un aspecto celular, a no ser que previamente que se haya impregnado el molde con cemento. En cualquier caso para preparar un bloque de un volumen final de un litro, usaremos 400 gramos de hormigón cuyo cemento habrá sido empobrecido con 122 gramos Ca3Si y enriquecido con 90 gramos de Ca2Si, además de 106 gramos de percarbonato de calcio al que agregaremos 500 ml de agua.As an example we will make the manufacture of cellular concrete for the manufacture of blocks for the construction of buildings. For which we will start from Portland cement rich in Ca2Si and poor in Ca3Si and standard aggregates, distilled water and calcium percarbonate. First we pour the water into the mold in order to moisten the walls and ensure a good finish, then we add the calcium percarbonate to the portland cement, and then we add the water with the aggregates and we remove everything for a minute, (increasing the time Removal results in a lower volume and a greater mechanical resistance that grows exponentially until the time of setting in which the material becomes unbalanced). Allow to set for 3 hours and then open to continue the process in high humidity conditions. There is also the possibility of making the concrete in a concrete mixer and introducing the calcium percarbonate before pouring the concrete into the mold, but with this process the surface of the block will have a cellular appearance, unless previously the mold has been impregnated with cement In any case to prepare a block of a final volume of one liter, we will use 400 grams of concrete whose cement will have been depleted with 122 grams Ca3Si and enriched with 90 grams of Ca2Si, in addition to 106 grams of calcium percarbonate to which we will add 500 ml of water.

Serán independientes del objeto de la invención los materiales empleados en la fabricación de los preparados para la fabricación de materiales celulares, volúmenes y pesos de los mismos y todos los detalles accesorios que puedan presentarse, siempre y cuando no afecten a su esencialidad. The materials used in the manufacture of the preparations for the manufacture of cellular materials, volumes and weights thereof and all the accessory details that may be presented will be independent of the object of the invention, provided they do not affect their essentiality.

Claims (5)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. - Preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares para la construcción, el aislamiento, prótesis y procesos en capa fina caracterizado por el uso de la fase gaseosa de la descomposición del percarbonato para la creación de burbujas dentro de la matriz de un material para conseguir una estructura celular del mismo.1. - Prepared for the manufacture of cellular materials for construction, insulation, prostheses and thin-layer processes characterized by the use of the gas phase of the decomposition of percarbonate for the creation of bubbles within the matrix of a material to achieve a cell structure thereof. 2.
Figure imgf000006_0001
- Preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado por mantener la composición original del cemento.two.
Figure imgf000006_0001
- Prepared for the manufacture of cellular materials according to claim 1 characterized by maintaining the original composition of the cement. 3. - Preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado por estar compuesto de yeso y percarbonato.3. - Prepared for the manufacture of cellular materials according to claim 1 characterized in that it is composed of gypsum and percarbonate. 4.- Preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares para prótesis de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado por utilizar las diferentes concentraciones de percarbonato en los diferentes materiales de implantación protésica (tanto prótesis como cementos celulares), para conseguir una textura celular que mejore su implantación.4.- Prepared for the manufacture of cellular materials for prostheses according to claim 1 characterized by using the different concentrations of percarbonate in the different prosthetic implantation materials (both prostheses and cell cements), to achieve a cellular texture that improves its implantation . 5.- Preparado para la fabricación de materiales celulares para procesos en capa fina de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado por la obtención de capas finas entre las estructuras celulares de la matriz. 5.- Prepared for the manufacture of cellular materials for thin-layer processes according to claim 1 characterized by obtaining thin layers between the cellular structures of the matrix.
ES201830772A 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CELL MATERIALS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Pending ES2738927A1 (en)

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ES201830772A ES2738927A1 (en) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CELL MATERIALS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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ES201830772A ES2738927A1 (en) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 PREPARED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CELL MATERIALS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007197267A (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-09 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk Ultra-rapid-hardening/high-flow cement composition and mortar or concrete using the same
JP2007197268A (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-09 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk Ultra-quick hardening/highly flowable cement composition, and mortar or concrete using same
EP2383238A1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-02 Solvay SA Process for the manufacture of aerated concrete construction materials and construction materials obtained thereof
US20140265523A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Wright-Mix Material Solutions, Llc Aerated rock dust

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007197267A (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-09 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk Ultra-rapid-hardening/high-flow cement composition and mortar or concrete using the same
JP2007197268A (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-09 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk Ultra-quick hardening/highly flowable cement composition, and mortar or concrete using same
EP2383238A1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-02 Solvay SA Process for the manufacture of aerated concrete construction materials and construction materials obtained thereof
US20140265523A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Wright-Mix Material Solutions, Llc Aerated rock dust

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