ES2737673A1 - System for temperature control of at least one energy storage module and associated method (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module and associated method. The present invention consists of a system and its associated method of temperature control of at least one energy storage module that makes use of at least one refrigerating machine which can reverse, by means of an inverting valve, the direction of circulation of its fluid of work, and therefore the location of its hot and cold lights. This enables both heating and cooling of at least one energy storage module. The heat exchange between the energy storage module and the refrigeration machine exchange system can be done directly, indirectly superficially, or by at least one secondary cooling circuit that distributes the heat between the different foci, This invention is especially useful in energy storage systems consisting of electrochemical cells, the performance of which largely accuses the temperature at which they are found. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module and associated method.

The present invention relates to a system, as well as its associated method of operation, designed for the thermal control of one or more energy storage modules, said energy being stored by any method or system known in the state of the art. , especially in the form of chemical batteries - secondary or rechargeable electrochemical cells -, which are characterized by at least one electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy stored in electrical energy through a reduction-oxidation reaction. The possibility of use in energy storage modules consisting of flow batteries, inertia, capacitors, etc. is also contemplated.

The system makes use of a refrigerating machine, being able to be the stage of compression of the same animated by the own energy storage module that you want to manage thermally, or by an energy module outside it. The most outstanding point of the present invention is the existence of an inverting valve that allows the reversal of the direction of circulation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine along its circuit and therefore the inversion of the function of its exchangers heat, each of them acting as evaporating stage or condensing stage of the refrigerating machine as it is more convenient.

This is especially relevant because it allows both the cooling of the energy storage module when it is subjected to loading or unloading, situations that can cause an increase in the temperature of the same, as well as its heating, improving the performance of the energy storage module, especially those formed by chemical batteries, when it is at low temperatures, a situation normally unfavorable since it slows down the chemical reaction that takes part inside each of the electrochemical cells, to the detriment of its performance, durability and useful life.

Likewise, the heat absorbed or transferred by the refrigerating machine to the external environment once it has been transferred or absorbed, respectively, from the energy storage module, can be reused, for example to heat or cool the air used in the air conditioning system, air conditioning or heating of a vehicle.

Two similar systems are represented herein whose essential characteristics are common, differing in the way heat is transmitted between the refrigerating machine and the energy storage module, and can be done by means of a secondary refrigerant circuit, as in FIG. 1a and FIG. .1b or not, as shown in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, where the exchanger located in the energy storage module serves as an exchanger for the refrigerating machine itself.

Technical sector

The present invention is framed within the sector of the technique belonging to the personal and freight transport industry, such as the automobile, motorcyclist, railway or aerospace, where energy storage systems are used - chemical batteries, inertia, capacitors , etc.- as well as in static applications where it is required to make use of energy storage - photovoltaic, thermal, cogeneration plants, etc.-. This invention is especially relevant in the field of batteries consisting of electrochemical cells.

Background of the invention

Various systems and methods of cooling energy storage devices, such as condensers or electrochemical cell assemblies, are known as those proposed in the following patents:

US 4574112, US 945010, US 4974119, US 2006/0078789 A1, US 7291420 B2, US 2008/0311468 A1, US 2010/0104938 A1, US 2010/0151308 A1, US 2011/0212356 A1, US 2012/0030932 A1, US 2013/0065094 A1, US 2013/0196184 A1, US 8753762 B2, US 8758924 B2, US 9701215 B1, JP 2015/001339 A, CN 103337675 A, KR 2013/0107354 A, JPH 1140212 A, US 6138466 A.

All these patents have in common the fact of using indirect surface contact exchangers, either to provide or to absorb heat from energy storage systems.

The patent US 8753762 B2 is especially relevant, since it already anticipates the use of a preheating method intended to be applied in the automotive industry, specifically in electric vehicles. However, it makes use of an external heating system by means of electrical resistors - a system based on the well-known physical effect of Joule - to raise the temperature of the cooling fluid in the circuit, which directly exchanges heat with the cells. As is evident, in a refrigerating machine acting as a heat pump, the displaced heat energy can exceed several orders of magnitude to that consumed by its compression stage, it will be more efficient than an electric resistance, whose performance can hardly touch the unit - considering efficiency as a quotient between the work obtained and the one consumed. This is due to the fact that the heat yielded by a heat pump is the sum of the energy consumed by its compression stage, plus the heat absorbed from its cold focus. If we match the energy consumed by the compression stage of a heat pump with that consumed by an electric resistance, as long as the heat pump's performance is not zero, the sum of its energy consumption plus the heat absorbed from the cold spot it will always be greater than the energy provided by the electrical resistance, since this will be equal to or less than that consumed by itself, that is, the heat pump will always be more efficient.

Description of the invention

The refrigerating machine is of the type that consists of a compression stage that raises the pressure of its working fluid when it is partially or totally in the gas phase. Next, and depending on the position in which the inverting valve is located that is sandwiched between the inlet and outlet of the compression stage, the working fluid accesses a first stage of condensation, where heat yields, although it may be to the external medium, as in the configuration shown in FIG. 1a and in FIG. 2a, where this heat can later be reused, or else the heat can be transferred to the fluid of an annexed refrigerant circuit, as in FIG. 1b or directly to the energy storage module as in FIG. 2b, energy storage module that in these last two situations is intended to be heated.

After leaving the condensation stage, the working fluid enters the expansion stage, where its pressure decreases sharply, causing the phase change that will occur later in the evaporation stage.

Once the total or partial evaporation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine has taken place, it goes to the evaporation stage, where it absorbs heat, although from the secondary refrigerant circuit, as would be the case in FIG. 1a, although directly of the module energy storage, as in FIG. 2a, or the external environment, as would be the case in FIG. 1b and FIG. 2b. It is at this stage that the working fluid changes from a liquid phase to a gas phase, totally or partially, depending on the previous conditions of the system.

After the evaporation stage, the vaporized working fluid can be taken to a phase separating element - liquid and gas - and / or reservoir from where it will then be directed back to the compression stage of the refrigerating machine through the reversing valve

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 1b, the configuration shown implies the implementation of a secondary refrigerant circuit that exchanges heat - being able to do so bidirectionally - between the refrigerating machine and the energy storage element, not being the case of FIG. 2a and FIG. .2b, where the refrigerating machine absorbs or gives heat directly to the energy storage element. The secondary refrigerant circuit shown in FIG.1a and FIG.1b consists of a pump that moves its refrigerant fluid along the circuit and therefore between the different exchangers, the common one with the refrigerating machine and the energy storage module, a third exchanger located at the exit of the latter can pass through all or part of the latter, allowing more efficient cooling of the refrigerant fluid in the transition between the refrigerating machine going from assigning heat to absorbing it from the energy storage element, a situation that would occur once the energy storage system reaches its optimum working temperature and, due to the energy demand to which it was subjected or for environmental reasons, for example, it will need a cooling of its elements.

Since the refrigerant fluid is any refrigerant fluid known in the state of the art, the family of the diols, such as ethylene glycol, being or not in solution in water especially relevant to the present invention, its own thermal inertia may necessitate This third exchange element mentioned above to increase the efficiency of the system as a whole, since the efficiency of the refrigerating machine, whose working fluid can be any refrigerant fluid known in the state of the art, depends directly on the temperature of its foci.

Brief description of the drawings

For a better understanding of what is described herein, it is accompanied by drawings in which, by way of example only, several practical cases of realization of the present invention are represented.

According to FIG.1a and FIG.1b we can see that it is the same system as far as construction is concerned; however, the difference between the two figures lies in the position of the reversing valve (2) that manages the circulation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine. The interaction between the refrigerating machine and the refrigerant circuit is appreciated as well as the interaction between the latter and the energy storage system.

Enumeration of the parts:

- (1): Refrigeration machine compression stage

- (2): Reversing valve

- (3): Exchanger element that can exchange heat between the working fluid of the refrigerating machine and the external medium in a bidirectional way

- (4): Refrigeration machine expansion stage

- (5): Heat exchanger element, bidirectionally, between the refrigerating machine and the cooling circuit

- (6): Circulation lines of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine

- (7): Phase separator element and / or working fluid reservoir of the refrigerating machine

- (8): Reversing valve actuator element (2)

- (9): Refrigerant circuit pumping stage

- (10): Coolant circulation lines

- (11): Dashed line representing what is contained in it as a single volume that can be physically independent of what is represented in the rest of the diagram - (12): Energy storage element or module

- (13): Element that can exchange heat bi-directionally between the refrigerant circuit fluid and the energy storage element (12)

- (14a; 14b): Valves that allow the connection and disconnection of everything contained in the volume represented by the element (11) and the lines that allow the circulation of the cooling fluid (10)

- (15a, 15b, 15c): Two-way and two-way valves that regulate the passage of the refrigerant fluid in the circuit

- (16): Exchanger element that can exchange heat between the working fluid of the refrigerating machine and the external medium in a bidirectional way

- (17): Transmitter element between the actuator element (8) of the reversing valve (2) and the same

These elements are common to FIG.2a and FIG.2b. These, meanwhile, represent the same system, characterized by the use of a refrigerating machine, with the proviso that it dispenses with a secondary refrigerant circuit, heat exchange directly the refrigerating machine with the energy storage element (12) by means of the element exchanger (13).

Finally, FIG. 3 shows in detail a possible construction of the expansion stage (4) of the refrigerating machine, common to the previously described figures.

Enumeration of parts:

- (18a, 18b): Expansion valves

- (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d): Two-way and two-way valves that manage the passage of the working fluid from the refrigerating machine to the expansion valves (18a, 18b) - (20): Two-way pipeline valve and two positions that can allow the total or partial passage of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine through the expansion stage (4) without it passing through any of the expansion valves (18a, 18b) Description of a preferred embodiment

In accordance with FIG. Ia, we can see how the system consists of a refrigerating machine attached to a secondary refrigerant circuit that exchanges heat with an energy storage element or system (12).

The refrigerating machine is constituted by a compression stage (1) where the working fluid of the refrigerating machine, any refrigerant fluid known in the state of the art, raises its pressure being at the entrance of this stage in total or partially gas phase . Once the working fluid of the refrigerating machine leaves the compression stage, it is directed to the inverting valve (2), which is managed by its actuator (8), being established a communication between these last two elements (2, 8 ) by means of a transmitter element (17) that allows the modification of the state of the reversing valve (2) by its actuator (8). According to the configuration shown in FIG. 1a, after leaving the inverter valve (2), the working fluid of the refrigerating machine is directed to a first exchanger (3) that acts as a condensation stage, giving heat to a medium foreign to the working fluid of the refrigerating machine. It is possible that this ceded heat is used to heat the air of the heating or air conditioning system of the space where this system can be implemented.

After leaving the condensation stage and, as the name suggests, having passed the working fluid of the refrigerating machine totally or partially to a liquid state, the working fluid is taken to the expansion stage (4) where its pressure decreases abruptly, causing the change of state that will occur later in the evaporation stage.

After the expansion stage, the working fluid is taken to the exchange element (5), of indirect surface contact between the working fluid of the refrigerating machine and that of the secondary cooling circuit, which allows heat absorption by the fluid of working of the refrigerating machine -passing this totally or partially to the gas phase- of the refrigerant fluid of the secondary refrigerant circuit.

Once the working fluid of the refrigerating machine has been totally or partially evaporated in the exchanger (5), it is returned to the inverting valve (2) which, in the present configuration, will lead the working fluid to a separating element of phases (7) that can do the times of deposit and after this, back to the compression stage (1). At all times the working fluid of the refrigerating machine runs through its own pipes (6).

On the other hand, the secondary refrigerant circuit, whose refrigerant fluid can be any refrigerant fluid known in the state of the art, has the exchange element (5) as a link with the system formed by the refrigerating machine. It is in this element that, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 1a, the cooling fluid of the secondary circuit gives heat to the working fluid of the refrigerating machine indirectly and superficially.

Once the refrigerant fluid of the secondary circuit has cooled, it is conducted - running through the conduits (10) as it does in all the distributions proposed in FIG.1a and FIG.1b- through its own conduits (10) to the pumping stage ( 9) where the work necessary to circulate it along the refrigerant circuit is printed.

Once the pumping stage (9) is over, the refrigerant fluid is directed to the second exchange element (13) of the circuit which in turn absorbs heat from the energy storage module (12). The exchange element (13) and the energy accumulation module (12) are part of a single volume or module (11) that can be separated from the rest of the refrigerant circuit by means of the valves (14a, 14b), which allow their isolation in case of need of replacement of the module (11), as would be the case of electric cars and motorcycles, where the replacement of the aforementioned module (11) once it has used up its chemical energy - and therefore electric - could be a viable alternative to recharging, It can be a method of increasing autonomy much simpler and faster than traditional electric recharging, at least with the technology currently known in the state of the art.

After leaving the module (11) formed by the energy accumulation system assembly (12) and the exchange element (13), the cooling fluid can, depending on what the regulating valves (15a, 15b, 15c) allow. , run totally, partially or not through the exchanger element (16), which may allow the transfer of part of the heat absorbed from the energy accumulation module (12) by the exchanger (13) before it can reach again the refrigerant fluid exchanger element (5), where it can unequivocally transfer heat to the working fluid of the refrigerating machine.

In accordance with FIG. 1b, we can see that the only operational difference - as there is no constructive one - with respect to the system shown in FIG. 1a, lies in the position adopted by the reversing valve (2). In this case, after the compression stage (1) the working fluid of the refrigerating machine is driven by the reversing valve (2) to the exchanger (5) which in this configuration acts as a condenser of the refrigerating machine -machine refrigerant that in this case may be acting as a heat pump - by giving heat to the coolant in the secondary circuit. After leaving the exchanger (5), the working fluid of the refrigerating machine runs through its conduits (6), as it does at all times, towards the expansion stage (4) where its pressure drops abruptly, leading to the change of phase that will occur later in the evaporation stage, transformation that now takes part in the exchanger (3) by absorbing heat from a medium outside the working fluid of the refrigerating machine. It is possible that this heat is taken from the air flow of the space air conditioning system where this system can be implemented. Once the evaporation stage (3) is over, the working fluid of the refrigerating machine is driven again by the inverting valve (2) to the phase separating element (7), which can act as a reservoir, before being driven back to the compression stage (1).

As soon as it concerns the secondary refrigerant circuit, it, after absorbing the heat given by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine in the indirect contact exchanger element (5), conducts its refrigerant fluid through the pumping stage (9) to the element or module (11), where the exchanger (13) will yield the absorbed heat, plus that generated by the consumption of the pumping stage (9), to the energy accumulator element (12).

Since the method of operation shown in this FIG. 1b corresponds to a heating of the energy storage module (12), a priori the passage of the cooling fluid through the exchanger element (16) through the valves (15a, 15b). What is intended is to maintain the temperature of this fluid, the most logical from an operational point of view is that the refrigerant fluid is conducted through the valve (15c) back to the exchanger element (5) where it can re-absorb the heat transferred by the condensation stage (5) of the refrigerating machine.

In accordance with FIG. 2a, we can see how this arrangement lacks a secondary refrigerant circuit, the exchanger (13) being the stage of condensation or evaporation of the refrigerating machine according to the position adopted by the inverting valve ( 2) actuated by the transmitting elements (17) by its control element (8). In FIG. 2a, we can observe how at the exit of the compression stage (1), the inverting valve (2) conducts the working fluid of the refrigerating machine to the exchange element (3) that this time does the times of condensation stage, giving heat to a medium outside the working fluid of the refrigerating machine. It is possible that This ceded heat is used to heat the air of the heating or air conditioning system of the space where this system can be implemented.

Once the condensation stage (3) has been overcome, the working fluid of the refrigerating machine runs through the expansion stage (4), where its pressure decreases sharply, leading to the phase change that will occur later in the evaporation stage (13).

Once the evaporation stage has been reached (13), the working fluid of the refrigerating machine absorbs heat from the energy storage module (12), both elements (13, 12) being able to form part of the same volume (11) separable from the rest of the circuit of the refrigerating machine by means of the valves (14a, 14b). After absorbing heat from the energy storage module (12) by the exchange element (13), the working fluid of the refrigerating machine, in total or partially gaseous phase, is conducted by the inverting valve (2) to the phase separating element (7) which can act as a deposit of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine, before continuing its journey back to the compression stage (1).

As can be seen, the operational difference between FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b lies in the position adopted by the reversing valve (2). In FIG. 2b, in the same way as between FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b, the heat sources of the refrigerating machine are inverted with respect to that shown in FIG. 2a.

In FIG. 2b, after leaving the compression stage (1), the working fluid of the refrigerating machine is conducted by means of the inverting valve (2) to the exchange element (13) through its conduits (6) - the fluid flowing of working of the refrigerating machine by the pipes (6) as it does in all the proposed distributions and figures-, where the exchange element (13) serves as the condensing element of the refrigerating machine, giving heat to the energy storage module (12 ), both (12, 13) being included in a single volume (11) can be separated from the rest of the circuit of the refrigerating machine by means of two valves (14a, 14b). After assigning heat to the energy storage module (12), the working fluid is taken to the expansion stage (4) where its pressure decreases sharply, leading to the change of liquid phase to gas that occurs next in the exchanger element ( 3), absorbing in this heat the working fluid of the refrigerating machine from a medium outside it. It is possible that this heat is absorbed from the air flow of the air conditioning or air conditioning system of the space where this system can be implemented.

Running already in total or partially gaseous phase, the working fluid of the refrigerating machine is conducted through its conduits (6) again to the inverting valve (2), which will lead it back to the phase separating element (7) which can be used as a reservoir of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine before being re-printed mechanical work in the compression stage (1).

In accordance with FIG. 3, we can observe a possible configuration for the expansion stage (4) of the refrigerating machine in any of FIG. 1a, FIG. 1b, FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b above. The system divides the conduction (6) of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine into three possible routes: a central track, with a two-way valve (20) and two positions that can allow the passage of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine without this undergoing any thermodynamic transformation, and two paths with two expansion valves (18a, 18b) whose passage of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine is regulated by two-way two-way valves (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d) positions. The reason for doubling the path, each with its respective expansion valve (18a, 18b) and bypass regulating valves (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d), is due to the need to be able to expand the working fluid of the refrigerating machine whether it moves from the exchanger element (3) to the exchanger element (5) - as would be the case in FIG. 1a and FIG. 2a, where the path to be followed by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine it would pass through the expansion valve (18a), as well as the bypass regulating valves (19a, 19b) - as if it were from the exchange element (5) to the exchange element (3) - as would be the case in FIG. 1b and FIG.2b, where the path to be followed by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine would cross the expansion valve (18b), as well as the regulating valves (19c, 19d) -.

Claims (10)

1. - System according to FIG.Ia and FIG.Ib designed for the temperature control of at least one energy storage module by means of at least one refrigerating machine, where the working cycle of the refrigerating machine comprises at least one compression stage (1) of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine, at least one reversing valve (2) that can reverse the direction of circulation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine along its path, at least one exchange element (3) , at least one expansion stage (4) and at least one exchange element (5) that acts as an indirect surface contact exchanger, which can exchange heat between the working fluid of the refrigerating machine and the working fluid of A second refrigerant circuit. This second refrigerant circuit comprises at least one exchanger (5), at least one pumping stage (9) and at least one exchanger element (13) that can exchange heat with an energy storage module (12), a module whose temperature is intended control. At all times, the working fluid of the refrigerating machine runs through its own pipes (6) and the cooling fluid of the auxiliary circuit also runs through its own pipes (10). The system is characterized in that the inverting valve (2) determines the direction of circulation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine along its circuit and hence the heat flow between the different thermodynamic systems. As shown in FIG. 1a, the position adopted by the reversing valve (2) implies the operation of the exchange element (3) as a condenser of the refrigerating machine, giving heat to a medium outside the working fluid of the refrigerating machine . It also implies in the system shown in FIG. 1a the operation of the exchange element (5) as an evaporator of the refrigerating machine, and therefore the absorption of heat from the refrigerant fluid of the secondary circuit by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine. This situation involves the absorption of heat by the coolant fluid of the secondary circuit in the exchanger element (13) of the energy storage module (12), the system then acting in the situation shown in FIG. 1a as a refrigerator of the storage module energy (12). As shown in FIG. 1b, the position adopted by the reversing valve (2) implies the operation of the exchange element (3) as an evaporator of the refrigerating machine, absorbing heat from a medium outside the working fluid of the machine. refrigerating Similarly, it implies in the system shown in FIG. 1b, the operation of the exchanger element (5) as a condenser of the refrigerating machine, and therefore the transfer of heat to the cooling fluid of the secondary circuit by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine This situation also implies the transfer of heat by the cooling fluid of the secondary circuit in the exchanger element (13) to the energy storage module (12). In the situation shown in FIG. 1b the system acts as a heating element of the energy storage module (12). 2. - System according to FIG.2a and FIG.2b designed for the control of the temperature of at least one energy storage module by means of at least one refrigerating machine, where the refrigeration machine's duty cycle comprises at least one compression stage (1) of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine, at least one reversing valve (2) that can reverse the direction of circulation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine along its path, at least one exchange element (3) , at least one expansion stage (4) and at least one exchange element (13) that can exchange heat with an energy storage module (12), a module whose temperature is intended to be controlled. At all times, the working fluid of the refrigerating machine runs through its own pipes (6) and the cooling fluid of the auxiliary circuit also runs through its own pipes (10). The system being characterized in that the inverting valve (2) determines the direction of circulation of the working fluid of the refrigerating machine along its circuit and hence the heat flow between the different thermodynamic systems. As shown in FIG. 2a, the position adopted by the reversing valve (2) implies the operation of the exchange element (3) as a condenser of the refrigerating machine, giving heat to a medium outside the flow fluid. work of the refrigerating machine. In the same way, the position of said inverting valve (2) implies in the system shown by FIG. 2a, the operation of the exchanger element (13) as an evaporator of the refrigerating machine, and therefore implies the absorption of heat by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine in the exchange element (13) of the energy storage module (12). In the situation shown in FIG. 2a the system acts as a cooling element of the energy storage module (12). As shown in FIG. 2b, the position adopted by the reversing valve (2) implies the operation of the exchange element (3) as an evaporator of the refrigerating machine, absorbing heat from a medium outside the working fluid of the machine. refrigerating In the same way, the position of said inverting valve (2) implies in the system shown by FIG. 2b, the operation of the exchange element (13) as a condenser of the refrigerating machine, and therefore the transfer of heat by the working fluid of the refrigerating machine in the exchange element (13) to the energy storage module (12). In the situation shown in FIG. 2b, the system acts as a heating element of the energy storage module (12). 3. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the exchanger element (13) and the energy storage module (12) form a single differentiated volume (11) which it can be separated from the conduits of the secondary refrigerant circuit (10) in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b or from the conduits of the refrigerating machine (6) in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b by the corresponding valves (14a, 14b ) that prevent the loss or leakage of any fluid, either that of the secondary refrigerant circuit or the working fluid of the refrigerating machine respectively. The element (11) can include energy storage element (12) of an electric vehicle which allows its rapid replacement when it has exhausted its electrical energy, by another element (11) of identical characteristics, by way of refueling. 4. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression stage (1) of the refrigerating machine can be operated by the energy storage module itself (12) which is intended to be cooled or by an energy storage module different from the element (12) with different physical or chemical characteristics, as well as with different behavior depending on the temperature at which it is located. The energy storage module that drives the compression stage (1) may not consist of electrochemical cells, it may consist of inertial batteries, capacitors or any other energy storage system known in the state of the art. 5. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it may contain at least one phase separating element (7), which may or may not serve as a fluid reservoir working of the refrigerating machine, located before the compression stage (1) of the refrigerating machine. 6. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains an exchange element (16) through which the circulation of refrigerant fluid of the secondary refrigerant circuit can be managed by the respective valves (15a, 15b, 15c). This heat exchanger element (16) may or may not yield heat to a medium outside the coolant of the secondary circuit, and indirectly to the working fluid of the refrigerating machine, when a higher cooling or heating speed of the coolant fluid of the secondary circuit is necessary. between the exchange elements (13) and (5). 7. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the exchange element (3) It can exchange heat between the working fluid of the refrigerating machine and the air flow of an air conditioning, heating or air conditioning system. 8. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the association of different refrigerating machines with different energy storage systems (12) or a plurality of them. 9. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inverting valve (2) is managed by an actuator element (8) by means of a transmission system (17). 10. - System for controlling the temperature of at least one energy storage module according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the expansion stage (4) comprises at least two expansion valves (18a, 18b) and because it can comprise a valve (20) that allows the working fluid of the refrigerating machine to pass by totally or partially avoiding expansion valves (18a, 18b).