ES2703400T3 - Method for the manufacture of a spar spar for a wind turbine - Google Patents

Method for the manufacture of a spar spar for a wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2703400T3
ES2703400T3 ES10157211T ES10157211T ES2703400T3 ES 2703400 T3 ES2703400 T3 ES 2703400T3 ES 10157211 T ES10157211 T ES 10157211T ES 10157211 T ES10157211 T ES 10157211T ES 2703400 T3 ES2703400 T3 ES 2703400T3
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ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
spar
segment
adhesion
stringer
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
ES10157211T
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Spanish (es)
Inventor
Jed Richter
Toby Collard
Andrew Hedges
Arne Haahr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Publication of ES2703400T3 publication Critical patent/ES2703400T3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B29C65/505—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined and placed in a recess formed in the parts to be joined, e.g. in order to obtain a continuous surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7832—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the overlap between the parts to be joined, e.g. the overlap between sheets, plates or web-like materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
    • B29C66/73752—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being uncured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
    • B29C65/487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical
    • B29C65/488—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical being longitudinal, e.g. fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
    • B29C65/4885—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their composition being non-plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49336—Blade making
    • Y10T29/49337—Composite blade

Abstract

Un método para la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una pala de turbina eólica, que comprende las etapas de: posicionar (17) un primer segmento de larguero (2) que tiene una primera parte de adhesión (8); posicionar (18) un segundo segmento de larguero (3) que tiene una segunda parte de adhesión (9); insertar parcialmente un extremo de raíz (6) del segundo segmento de larguero (3) en un extremo de punta (5) del primer segmento de larguero (2) de modo que la primera parte de adhesión (8) y la segunda parte de adhesión (9) se solapen al menos parcialmente, en el que se proporciona un adhesivo al menos parcialmente entre las partes de adhesión solapadas (8, 9); proporcionar (22) al menos una capa de fibra (13) impregnada con una resina sin curar sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3) al menos en la zona de unión (11) del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3); y curar simultáneamente (23) el adhesivo (10) y la resina, fijando de ese modo el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3) entre sí.A method for manufacturing a blade spar for a wind turbine blade, comprising the steps of: positioning (17) a first spar segment (2) having a first adhesion portion (8); positioning (18) a second spar segment (3) having a second adhesion portion (9); partially insert a root end (6) of the second spar segment (3) into a tip end (5) of the first spar segment (2) so that the first adhesion part (8) and the second adhesion part (9) at least partially overlap, wherein an adhesive is provided at least partially between the overlapping adhesion portions (8, 9); providing (22) at least one fiber layer (13) impregnated with an uncured resin on the outer surfaces of the first and second spar segments (2, 3) at least in the bonding zone (11) of the first and second segments spar (2, 3); and simultaneously curing (23) the adhesive (10) and the resin, thereby fixing the first and second spar segments (2, 3) to each other.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

Método para la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una turbina eólicaMethod for the manufacture of a spar spar for a wind turbine

Campo de la invenciónField of the invention

La presente invención se refiere a la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una pala de turbina eólica y, en particular, a la fabricación de un larguero que tenga segmentos de larguero y a una pala de rotor para una turbina eólica que tenga un larguero fabricado de acuerdo con este método.The present invention relates to the manufacture of a spar spar for a wind turbine blade and, in particular, to the manufacture of a spar having spar segments and to a rotor blade for a wind turbine having a spar manufactured from a spar. according to this method.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Típicamente, una pala de rotor para una turbina eólica se fabrica con un larguero y, por ejemplo, dos mitades de pala conectadas al larguero. Hoy en día, las turbinas eólicas tienen grandes palas, por ejemplo con una longitud de aproximadamente 50 m o más, que se fabrican de, por ejemplo un material compuesto.Typically, a rotor blade for a wind turbine is made with a spar and, for example, two spade halves connected to the spar. Nowadays, wind turbines have large blades, for example with a length of about 50 m or more, which are manufactured from, for example a composite material.

Por el documento DE 102008037367 A1 es conocido segmentar dichas grandes palas y fabricar y transportar los segmentos de pala por separado. Los segmentos de pala se unen, por ejemplo, en el emplazamiento de la turbina eólica. Un segmento de larguero interior de un segmento de pala interior puede insertarse parcialmente en un segmento de larguero exterior de un segmento de pala exterior y los segmentos de larguero interior y exterior se adhieren entre sí.It is known from DE 102008037367 A1 to segment said large blades and to manufacture and transport the blade segments separately. The blade segments are joined, for example, at the location of the wind turbine. An inner spar segment of an inner spade segment can be partially inserted into an outer spar segment of an outer spar segment and the inner and outer spar segments adhere to each other.

Un método similar es conocido por el documento DE 102008055513 A1. Se proporciona una estructura de rejilla en un segmento de larguero de un segmento de pala a ser insertado dentro de otro segmento de larguero de otro segmento de pala, para mejorar la distribución de un adhesivo y mejorar de ese modo la adhesión de segmentos de larguero entre sí.A similar method is known from DE 102008055513 A1. A grid structure is provided in a spar segment of a spade segment to be inserted into another spar segment of another spade segment, to improve the distribution of an adhesive and thereby improve adhesion of spar segments between yes.

Más aún, por el documento EP 0690228 B1 es conocido adherir un larguero de pala y dos cintas de pala juntas y reforzar la conexión por medio del solape de capas de fibra exteriores impregnadas con resina. Alternativamente, pueden posicionarse cintas pre-curadas en una mitad de pala y el larguero de pala se adhiere a las cintas pre­ curadas mediante el curado final de la mitad de pala junto con las cintas pre-curadas.Moreover, it is known from EP 0690228 B1 to adhere a spar and two spade belts together and reinforce the connection by means of overlapping outer fiber layers impregnated with resin. Alternatively, pre-cured tapes can be positioned on a paddle half and the pad spar adheres to the pre-cured tapes by the final curing of the paddle half along with the pre-cured tapes.

Otro método para la fabricación de una pala sobre la base de dos o más segmentos de pala es conocido por el documento WO 2009/156061 A2. Durante la fabricación de una pala de turbina eólica segmentada al menos dos de los segmentos de pala se interconectan en un dispositivo de integración. En el dispositivo de integración al menos una red y al menos una cinta pueden conectarse adicionalmente a los segmentos de pala.Another method for manufacturing a blade based on two or more blade segments is known from WO 2009/156061 A2. During the manufacture of a segmented wind turbine blade at least two of the blade segments are interconnected in an integration device. In the integration device, at least one network and at least one belt can be additionally connected to the blade segments.

Los segmentos, redes y cintas pueden producirse a partir de capas de fibra y resina. En una primera etapa, los segmentos, redes y cintas se pre-curan y, después del pre-curado, se adhieren entre sí para interconexión. Consecutivamente, la interconexión se cura.Segments, networks and tapes can be produced from layers of fiber and resin. In a first stage, the segments, networks and tapes are pre-cured and, after pre-curing, they adhere to each other for interconnection. Consecutively, the interconnection heals.

Un método y una herramienta de fabricación correspondiente para la fabricación de una pala de turbina eólica a partir de varios segmentos de pala (prefabricados) y un larguero son conocidos por el documento WO 2009/109619 A2. Se refiere a la conexión de los segmentos de pala aerodinámicos al larguero. Más aún, se mencionan diversos medios de junta para la unión de segmentos de pala entre sí, tales como adhesivo, remaches, tornillos, conjuntos de tornillo y tuerca, y encajes por presión.A method and a corresponding manufacturing tool for the manufacture of a wind turbine blade from several blade segments (prefabricated) and a spar are known from WO 2009/109619 A2. It refers to the connection of the aerodynamic blade segments to the spar. Moreover, various sealing means are mentioned for joining blade segments together, such as adhesive, rivets, screws, screw and nut assemblies, and snap fittings.

El documento US 2008/0181781 A1 divulga una cubierta de larguero que puede incluir múltiples componentes preformados. Los múltiples componentes preformados pueden ser láminas planas que tienen un primer extremo y un segundo extremo. Los múltiples componentes preformados pueden unirse mediante el emparejamiento del primer extremo de un primer componente preformado al segundo extremo de un siguiente componente preformado.US 2008/0181781 A1 discloses a stringer cover which may include multiple preformed components. The multiple preformed components can be flat sheets having a first end and a second end. The multiple preformed components can be joined by pairing the first end of a first preformed component to the second end of a next preformed component.

Es un objeto de la invención proporcionar un método mejorado para la fabricación de un larguero de pala segmentada.It is an object of the invention to provide an improved method for manufacturing a segmented spar beam.

Sumario de la invenciónSummary of the invention

De acuerdo con un primer aspecto, la invención proporciona un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 para la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una pala de turbina eólica, que comprende las etapas de: posicionar un primer segmento de larguero que tiene una primera parte de adhesión; posicionar un segundo segmento de larguero que tiene una segunda parte de adhesión; insertar parcialmente un extremo de raíz del segundo segmento de larguero en un extremo de punta del primer segmento de larguero de modo que la primera parte de adhesión y la segunda parte de adhesión se solapen al menos parcialmente, en el que se proporciona al menos parcialmente un adhesivo entre las partes solapadas de adhesión; proporcionar al menos una capa de fibra impregnada con una resina sin curar sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero al menos en la zona de unión del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero; y curar simultáneamente el adhesivo y la resina, fijando de ese modo el primer y el segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí.According to a first aspect, the invention provides a method according to claim 1 for the manufacture of a spar spar for a wind turbine blade, comprising the steps of: positioning a first stringer segment having a first part of adhesion; positioning a second stringer segment having a second adhesion part; inserting partially a root end of the second stringer segment at a tip end of the first stringer segment so that the first adhesion part and the second adhesion part overlap at least partially, at least partially providing a adhesive between the overlapping adhesion portions; providing at least one layer of fiber impregnated with an uncured resin on the outer surfaces of the first and second stringer segments at least in the joint zone of the first and second stringer segments; and simultaneously cure the adhesive and the resin, fixing from that the first and second rail segments together.

Aspectos adicionales de la invención se exponen en las reivindicaciones dependientes, la descripción que sigue y los dibujos.Additional aspects of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims, the description that follows and the drawings.

Breve descripción de los dibujosBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Realizaciones de la presente invención se explican a modo de ejemplo con respecto a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:Embodiments of the present invention are explained by way of example with respect to the accompanying drawings, in which:

La figura 1 muestra esquemáticamente un larguero de pala segmentado en un segmento de larguero de raíz y un segmento de larguero de punta;Figure 1 schematically shows a segmented blade spar in a root spar segment and a tip spar segment;

La figura 2 muestra esquemáticamente en una vista en sección transversal parcial el segmento de larguero de punta parcialmente insertado en el segmento de larguero de raíz con una capa de adhesión entre ellos de acuerdo con una realización de la presente invención;Figure 2 schematically shows in a partial cross-sectional view the tip rail segment partially inserted into the root rail segment with an adhesion layer between them according to an embodiment of the present invention;

La figura 3 ilustra en una vista en sección transversal parcial la unión del segmento de larguero de punta y del segmento de larguero de raíz de la figura 2 cubierto con una capa de fibra; yFigure 3 illustrates in a partial cross-sectional view the joining of the tip rail segment and the root rail segment of Figure 2 covered with a fiber layer; Y

La figura 4 muestra un diagrama de flujo de un método para la fabricación de la unión del segmento de larguero de punta y del larguero de raíz de las figuras 1 a la figura 3 de acuerdo con la invención.Figure 4 shows a flow chart of a method for manufacturing the joint of the tip stringer segment and the root stringer of figures 1 to figure 3 according to the invention.

Descripción detallada de realizacionesDetailed description of realizations

Las figuras 1 a 3 ilustran una realización de un larguero de pala 1 para una pala de una turbina eólica, que se segmenta en un segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y un segmento de larguero de pala 3, y la conexión de estos segmentos entre sí de acuerdo con la presente invención. Antes de proceder adicionalmente con una descripción detallada del método de fabricación del larguero de pala 1, sin embargo, se explicarán unos pocos apartados generales.Figures 1 to 3 illustrate an embodiment of a blade spar 1 for a blade of a wind turbine, which is segmented into a root beam segment 2 and a blade spar segment 3, and the connection of these segments to each other according to the present invention. Before proceeding further with a detailed description of the method of manufacturing the spar spar 1, however, a few general sections will be explained.

Como se ha mencionado al principio, hoy en día, las turbinas eólicas pueden tener grandes palas de 50 metros y mayores y, por ejemplo, por el documento DE 102008037367 A1 es conocido segmentar dichas grandes palas y el larguero de pala a lo largo de la dirección longitudinal para simplificar la fabricación y el transporte. Los segmentos de pala junto con los segmentos de larguero pueden conectarse a continuación entre sí en el emplazamiento de erección de la turbina eólica.As mentioned at the beginning, today, wind turbines can have large blades of 50 meters and larger and, for example, it is known from DE 102008037367 A1 to segment said large blades and the spar stringer along the Longitudinal direction to simplify manufacturing and transportation. The blade segments together with the spar segments can then be connected to each other at the erection site of the wind turbine.

Típicamente, las palas de turbina eólica se fabrican de un material compuesto que comprende fibras, tales como fibras de carbono y/o de vidrio, y una resina, tal como una resina epoxi. Las palas pueden fabricarse, por ejemplo en dos mitades de pala en las realizaciones, una para el lado de presión y una para el lado de succión de la pala. Para la fabricación de las mitades de pala, por ejemplo, se laminan y curan capas de fibra que comprenden fibras de carbono o vidrio que se impregnan con una resina, tal como un polímero o resina epoxi en moldes de pala respectivos o segmentos de molde de pala en el caso de palas segmentadas.Typically, wind turbine blades are made of a composite material comprising fibers, such as carbon and / or glass fibers, and a resin, such as an epoxy resin. The blades can be manufactured, for example in two blade halves in the embodiments, one for the pressure side and one for the suction side of the blade. For the manufacture of the blade halves, for example, fiber layers comprising carbon or glass fibers which are impregnated with a resin, such as a polymer or epoxy resin in respective blade molds or mold segments are laminated and cured. shovel in the case of segmented shovels.

Se proporciona un larguero de pala en la parte media de la pala como una parte estructural que recibe las fuerzas cortantes y de torsión que actúan sobre la pala de la turbina eólica durante la operación. Los largueros de pala pueden fabricarse, por ejemplo, proporcionando partes estructurales respectivas en una mitad de pala, que se fabrica por ejemplo en un molde, tal como se describe en los documentos WO 2009/156061 A2 y EP 0690228 B1, mencionados al principio.A spar spar is provided in the middle part of the blade as a structural part that receives the cutting and twisting forces acting on the blade of the wind turbine during operation. The spar spars can be manufactured, for example, by providing respective structural parts in a spade half, which is manufactured for example in a mold, as described in WO 2009/156061 A2 and EP 0690228 B1, mentioned at the beginning.

El larguero o los segmentos de larguero pueden también prefabricarse, por ejemplo, mediante la adhesión o montaje de partes de cinta y red respectivas juntas. Es conocido también, por ejemplo, bobinar un material de bobinado fabricado de fibras, tales como fibras de carbono o vidrio, alrededor de un molde de bobinado o núcleo para fabricar un larguero o segmentos de larguero bobinados, tal como se describe en el documento EP 0 690 228 B1, mencionado al principio.The spar or the spar segments can also be prefabricated, for example, by adhering or assembling respective tape and net parts together. It is also known, for example, to wind a winding material made of fibers, such as carbon or glass fibers, around a winding mold or core to manufacture a spar or wound stringer segments, as described in EP 0 690 228 B1, mentioned at the beginning.

Dado que las palas de turbina eólica son proclives a elevadas fuerzas cortantes y de tracción durante la operación, la conexión de los segmentos de pala y, en particular, la conexión de los segmentos de larguero entre sí debe soportar dichas altas fuerzas.Since the wind turbine blades are prone to high shear and tensile forces during operation, the connection of the blade segments and, in particular, the connection of the beam segments to each other must withstand such high forces.

Por el documento DE 102008 037 367 A1, mencionado al inicio, es conocido conectar un segmento de larguero interior a un segmento de larguero exterior mediante la inserción del segmento de larguero interior parcialmente en un segmento de larguero exterior y adherirles entre sí con un adhesivo. El documento DE 102008 055 513 A1, también mencionado al inicio, critica que dicha adhesión de segmentos de larguero entre sí es problemática dado que el adhesivo no se distribuye uniformemente y, por ello, se sugiere proporcionar una rejilla específica sobre el segmento de larguero insertado para mejorar la distribución del adhesivo. From DE 102008 037 367 A1, mentioned at the beginning, it is known to connect an inner spar segment to an outer spar segment by inserting the inner spar segment partially into an outer spar segment and adhering them together with an adhesive. DE 102008 055 513 A1, also mentioned at the beginning, criticizes that said adhesion of spar segments to each other is problematic since the adhesive is not evenly distributed and, therefore, it is suggested to provide a specific grid on the inserted stringer segment. to improve the distribution of the adhesive.

Se ha identificado por el presente inventor que la conexión de segmentos de larguero entre sí puede mejorarse mediante el uso de dos tipos de conexión. Los segmentos de larguero se adhieren juntos dentro de los segmentos de larguero y, adicionalmente, se proporciona al menos una capa de fibra en el exterior de la unión de los segmentos de larguero. Más aún, el presente inventor también ha identificado que puede proporcionarse una fuerte conexión de los segmentos de larguero, cuando el adhesivo y la resina con la que se impregna la capa de fibra se curan simultáneamente y que puede acortarse el tiempo necesario para la fabricación del larguero.It has been identified by the present inventor that the connection of spar segments to each other can be improved by the use of two types of connection. The stringer segments adhere together within the stringer segments and, additionally, at least one fiber layer is provided on the outside of the stringer segment joint. Moreover, the present inventor has also identified that a strong connection of the spar segments can be provided, when the adhesive and the resin with which the fiber layer is impregnated are cured simultaneously and that the time necessary for the manufacture of the fiber can be shortened. crossbar.

En las realizaciones, un método para la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una turbina eólica comprende las etapas de proporcionar y posicionar un primer segmento de larguero con una primera parte de adhesión y un segundo segmento de larguero con una segunda parte de adhesión. El segundo segmento de larguero se posiciona en el primer segmento de larguero de modo que la primera y segunda partes de adhesión se solapen al menos parcialmente. Se coloca un adhesivo entre las partes de adhesión solapadas para adherir el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí en una etapa de curado posterior.In embodiments, a method for manufacturing a spar spar for a wind turbine comprises the steps of providing and positioning a first spar segment with a first adhesion portion and a second spar segment with a second adhesion portion. The second stringer segment is positioned in the first stringer segment so that the first and second adhesion portions overlap at least partially. An adhesive is placed between the overlapping adhesion portions to adhere the first and second stringer segments together in a subsequent curing step.

En algunas realizaciones, el larguero comprende también más de dos segmentos de larguero, pero al menos se conectan entre sí dos segmentos de larguero con el método para la fabricación de un larguero de pala, tal como se ha descrito en el presente documento. El larguero puede segmentarse en la dirección longitudinal y/o perpendicular a la dirección longitudinal. Los segmentos de larguero se prefabrican en algunas realizaciones y pueden fabricarse de un material compuesto, como ya se ha mencionado anteriormente.In some embodiments, the spar comprises also more than two spar segments, but at least two spar segments are connected to each other with the method for manufacturing a spar spar, as described herein. The spar can be segmented in the longitudinal direction and / or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The spar segments are prefabricated in some embodiments and can be manufactured from a composite material, as already mentioned above.

La primera y segunda partes de adhesión se solapan de modo que se forma un hueco para el adhesivo entre la primera y segunda partes de adhesión. Puede proporcionarse el adhesivo sobre la primera y/o la segunda parte de adhesión antes de que el segundo segmento de larguero se posicione en el primer segmento de larguero. Por ejemplo, puede envolverse una capa de adhesión, tal como una capa preimpregnada, alrededor de la parte de adhesión del segundo segmento de larguero. En el caso de que se proporcione adhesivo antes de que se posicione el segundo segmento de larguero en el primer segmento de larguero, el hueco ya está lleno con el adhesivo cuando el segundo segmento de larguero se posiciona en el primer segmento de larguero.The first and second adhesion portions overlap so that a gap is formed for the adhesive between the first and second adhesion portions. The adhesive can be provided on the first and / or second adhesion part before the second spar segment is positioned on the first spar segment. For example, an adhesion layer, such as a prepreg layer, may be wrapped around the adhesion portion of the second spar segment. In the case that adhesive is provided before the second stringer segment is positioned on the first stringer segment, the recess is already filled with the adhesive when the second stringer segment is positioned on the first stringer segment.

En algunas realizaciones, el adhesivo se proporciona después de que se posicione el segundo segmento de larguero en el primer segmento de larguero. En dichas realizaciones, por ejemplo, el adhesivo puede difundirse dentro del hueco después de que el segundo segmento de larguero se haya posicionado en el primer elemento de larguero. En otras realizaciones más se proporciona adhesivo antes y después del posicionamiento del segundo elemento de larguero en el primer elemento de larguero. En algunas realizaciones, el adhesivo no incluye ninguna fibra. En algunas realizaciones, el adhesivo se proporciona punto por punto en las primeras y/o segundas partes de adhesión.In some embodiments, the adhesive is provided after the second stringer segment is positioned on the first stringer segment. In such embodiments, for example, the adhesive may diffuse into the gap after the second stringer segment has been positioned on the first stringer member. In still other embodiments, adhesive is provided before and after the positioning of the second stringer element on the first stringer member. In some embodiments, the adhesive does not include any fiber. In some embodiments, the adhesive is provided point by point in the first and / or second adhesion portions.

Las partes de adhesión pueden tener cualquier forma que sea adecuada para quedar adheridas entre sí. En algunas realizaciones, al menos una sección superficial de la parte de adhesión del primer segmento de larguero coincide con al menos una sección superficial de la parte de adhesión del segundo segmento de larguero, es decir las partes de adhesión y sus superficies de adhesión, respectivamente, tienen una forma similar o idéntica. En algunas realizaciones, las partes de adhesión tienen una superficie estructurada que es adecuada para recibir un adhesivo, para proporcionar una distribución uniforme de adhesivo en el hueco entre las partes de adhesión solapadas.The adhesion parts may have any shape that is suitable to adhere to each other. In some embodiments, at least one surface section of the adhesion portion of the first stringer segment coincides with at least one surface section of the adhesion portion of the second stringer segment, i.e. the adhesion portions and their adhesion surfaces, respectively , have a similar or identical shape. In some embodiments, the adhesion portions have a structured surface that is suitable for receiving an adhesive, to provide a uniform distribution of adhesive in the gap between the overlapping adhesion portions.

La(s) parte(s) de adhesión puede(n) formarse de modo integral con el segmento de larguero y/o puede(n) proporcionarse como un elemento separado, que se monta, por ejemplo, en los segmentos de larguero antes o después del posicionamiento del segundo segmento de larguero en el primer segmento de larguero.The adhesion part (s) can be formed integrally with the spar segment and / or can be provided as a separate element, which is mounted, for example, on the spar segments before or after the positioning of the second stringer segment in the first stringer segment.

En algunas realizaciones, los segmentos de larguero tienen una forma cilíndrica o cónica con una sección transversal circular, elíptica, rectangular, etc. Las formas de los segmentos de larguero difieren también, por ejemplo, dependiendo de su posición dentro de la pala. Por ejemplo, en algunas realizaciones el primer segmento de larguero es un segmento de larguero de raíz que se extiende desde la raíz de la pala hacia el exterior, es decir hacia la punta de la pala, y el segundo segmento de larguero es un segmento de larguero de punta, que se extiende desde el segmento de larguero de raíz a la punta de la pala. En algunas realizaciones, el elemento de larguero de raíz puede tener, por ejemplo, una forma redonda que es sustancialmente circular y/o elíptica, mientras que el segmento de larguero de punta es, por ejemplo, sustancialmente rectangular. Naturalmente, se realizan también mezclas de diferentes formas. Por ejemplo, el elemento de larguero de raíz puede tener una sección con sección transversal sustancialmente circular en la posición de raíz de la pala. A partir de esta sección circular la forma cambia a la sección transversal elíptica y a continuación a una sección transversal sustancialmente rectangular en la dirección de la punta de la pala.In some embodiments, the spar segments have a cylindrical or conical shape with a circular, elliptical, rectangular cross section, etc. The shapes of the spar segments also differ, for example, depending on their position within the spade. For example, in some embodiments the first spar segment is a root spar segment extending from the root of the spade to the outside, i.e. towards the tip of the spade, and the second spar segment is a segment of spar. tip stringer, which extends from the root spar segment to the tip of the spade. In some embodiments, the root spar element may have, for example, a round shape that is substantially circular and / or elliptical, while the tip stringer segment is, for example, substantially rectangular. Naturally, mixtures of different forms are also made. For example, the root spar element may have a section with a substantially circular cross section at the root position of the blade. From this circular section the shape changes to the elliptical cross section and then to a substantially rectangular cross section in the direction of the tip of the blade.

El primer segmento de larguero y/o el segundo segmento de larguero comprenden en algunas realizaciones un material compuesto, tal como fibras de carbono, fibras de vidrio, o una mezcla de ellas, y una resina, tal como una resina epoxi. Los segmentos de larguero pueden preformarse, por ejemplo mediante el bobinado de un material de bobinado alrededor de un núcleo o similar y/o mediante el montaje/adhesión de partes de larguero respectivas, por ejemplo partes de red y cinta, juntas, como es conocido para el experto en la materia. The first stringer segment and / or the second stringer segment comprise in some embodiments a composite material, such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, or a mixture thereof, and a resin, such as an epoxy resin. The spar segments can be preformed, for example by winding a winding material around a core or the like and / or by assembling / adhering respective spar parts, for example net and tape parts, together, as is known for the expert in the field.

El primer segmento de larguero es al menos parcialmente hueco y recibe parcialmente una sección extrema del segundo segmento de larguero cuando el segundo segmento de larguero se posiciona en el primer segmento de larguero. El larguero está segmentado a lo largo de la dirección longitudinal, y el segundo segmento de larguero puede insertarse telescópicamente dentro de la cavidad del primer segmento de larguero, o viceversa, es decir el primer segmento de larguero puede también insertarse en una cavidad del segundo segmento de larguero. En algunas realizaciones las secciones transversales de las partes del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero que se insertan telescópicamente entre sí, tal como las partes de adhesión, tienen una forma de sección transversal idéntica o al menos similar, de modo que el hueco entre las secciones solapadas (partes de adhesión) del primer y segundo segmentos es sustancialmente uniforme. Adicionalmente, el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero pueden tener cada uno una forma cónica.The first stringer segment is at least partially hollow and partially receives an end section of the second stringer segment when the second stringer segment is positioned on the first stringer segment. The spar is segmented along the longitudinal direction, and the second spar segment can be telescopically inserted into the cavity of the first spar segment, or vice versa, i.e. the first spar segment can also be inserted into a cavity of the second segment of stringer. In some embodiments the cross sections of the portions of the first and second spar segments that are telescopically inserted together, such as the adhesion portions, have an identical or at least similar cross-sectional shape, so that the gap between the sections overlapping (adhesion portions) of the first and second segments is substantially uniform. Additionally, the first and second stringer segments may each have a conical shape.

De acuerdo con la invención, el segundo segmento de larguero se inserta parcialmente en el primer segmento de larguero de una forma telescópica (o viceversa), y la primera parte de adhesión del primer segmento de larguero se proporciona por la superficie interior de la cavidad que está adyacente a la superficie exterior del segundo segmento de larguero recibido que, de ese modo, proporciona la segunda parte de adhesión del segundo segmento de larguero. Por ello, se forma un hueco, que se llena con un adhesivo, entre la superficie exterior del segundo segmento de larguero insertado y la superficie interior solapada del primer segmento de larguero que recibe parcialmente el segundo segmento de larguero.According to the invention, the second stringer segment is partially inserted into the first stringer segment in a telescopic fashion (or vice versa), and the first adhesion part of the first stringer segment is provided by the inner surface of the cavity that it is adjacent to the outer surface of the received second stringer segment which, thereby, provides the second adhesion part of the second stringer segment. Thus, a gap is formed, which is filled with an adhesive, between the outer surface of the second inserted stringer segment and the overlapping inner surface of the first stringer segment that partially receives the second stringer segment.

A continuación, se proporciona al menos una capa de fibra, que comprende por ejemplo un material de bobinado y/o al menos una plancha fabricada de una fibra, tal como fibra de carbono o de vidrio, que se impregna con una resina sin curar, sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero al menos en la zona de unión. La resina comprende, por ejemplo, una resina epoxi. La capa de fibra puede comprender también al menos una preimpregnada. La capa de fibra puede impregnarse con la resina antes de que se proporcione sobre las superficies exteriores o después de que se proporcione sobre las superficies exteriores. Por ejemplo, pueden posicionarse fibras secas sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero y las fibras secas pueden impregnarse a continuación, por ejemplo con un método de infusión de resina.Next, at least one layer of fiber is provided, comprising for example a winding material and / or at least one plate made of a fiber, such as carbon or glass fiber, which is impregnated with an uncured resin, on the outer surfaces of the first and second stringer segments at least in the joint zone. The resin comprises, for example, an epoxy resin. The fiber layer may also comprise at least one prepreg. The fiber layer may be impregnated with the resin before it is provided on the outer surfaces or after it is provided on the outer surfaces. For example, dry fibers may be positioned on the outer surfaces of the first and second stringer segments and the dry fibers may then be impregnated, for example with a resin infusion method.

La zona de unión está formada por las partes de adhesión solapadas y, en particular, la zona de unión comprende al menos un borde del primer segmento de larguero, por ejemplo de la primera parte de adhesión, solapado con el segundo segmento de larguero o la segunda parte de adhesión, respectivamente. El borde forma una clase de escalón en la zona de unión.The joining zone is formed by the overlapping adhesion portions and, in particular, the joining zone comprises at least one edge of the first stringer segment, for example of the first adhesion part, overlapping with the second stringer segment or second part of adhesion, respectively. The edge forms a kind of step in the joint zone.

En algunas realizaciones, la zona de unión transcurre alrededor de la periferia del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero y la capa de fibra se proporciona bobinando el material de bobinado y/o la al menos una plancha alrededor del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero, la menos en la zona de unión.In some embodiments, the joining zone runs around the periphery of the first and second spar segments and the fiber layer is provided by winding the winding material and / or the at least one slab around the first and second spar segments, the less in the union area.

El adhesivo entre las partes de adhesión solapadas y la resina de la al menos una capa de fibra se curan simultáneamente. Por ello, el primer y el segundo segmentos de larguero se fijan entre sí en al menos dos zonas, concretamente en la zona de la primera y segunda partes de adhesión por el adhesivo curado, y sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y el segundo segmentos de larguero en la zona en la que al menos una capa de fibra superpuesta impregnada con resina se cura y adhiere a las superficies exteriores.The adhesive between the overlapped adhesion portions and the resin of the at least one fiber layer are cured simultaneously. Therefore, the first and second stringer segments are fixed to each other in at least two zones, namely in the area of the first and second adhesion portions by the cured adhesive, and on the outer surfaces of the first and second segments of the adhesive. stringer in the region in which at least one layer of fiber superimposed impregnated with resin is cured and adheres to the outer surfaces.

De ese modo, se proporciona una fuerte adhesión entre el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero con una larga vida útil. Adicionalmente, esta clase de unión proporciona una alta seguridad, dado que el adhesivo así como la al menos una capa de fibra están recibiendo las cargas de operación de la pala y el larguero. Dado que el curado del adhesivo y la resina se realizan simultáneamente, la fabricación ahorra tiempo y se optimiza la producción del larguero.In this way, a strong adhesion is provided between the first and second stringer segments with a long service life. Additionally, this kind of joint provides high security, since the adhesive as well as the at least one fiber layer are receiving the operating loads of the blade and the spar. Since the curing of the adhesive and the resin are carried out simultaneously, manufacturing saves time and optimizes the production of the spar.

En algunas realizaciones, el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero se fijan temporalmente entre sí con al menos un elemento de fijación antes de que se proporcione la al menos una capa de fibra. Por ejemplo, los segmentos de larguero pueden fijarse mediante estructuras de soporte que soportan el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero en la zona de unión.In some embodiments, the first and second stringer segments are temporarily fixed to each other with at least one fastener before the at least one fiber layer is provided. For example, the spar segments can be fixed by support structures that support the first and second spar segments in the joining zone.

Como se ha mencionado anteriormente, un larguero de pala tiene una longitud de 50 metros y más, en algunas realizaciones y, por ejemplo, en el caso de dos segmentos de larguero cada uno tendrá una longitud de aproximadamente 25 metros. Los segmentos de larguero que pueden fabricarse de un material compuesto son típicamente flexibles en algunas realizaciones y, por ello, tienden a la deformación por auto-carga. En algunas realizaciones, la capa de fibra que se proporciona en la zona de unión se extiende aproximadamente varios metros en cualquier dirección longitudinal de los dos segmentos de larguero y se bobina alrededor de la zona de unión. Por ello, en este caso una estructura de soporte que soporte los segmentos de larguero en la zona de unión podría perjudicar la aplicación de la al menos una capa de fibra en la zona de unión. Por lo tanto, en algunas realizaciones, los segmentos de larguero no se soportan en la zona en la que se proporciona la capa de fibra. Para evitar una dislocación de los segmentos de larguero, por ejemplo mediante la deformación por auto-carga, después de que se haya posicionado el segundo segmento de larguero en el primer segmento de larguero, y de un agrietado del material compuesto en la zona de unión, se proporcionan múltiples elementos de fijación en las partes de adhesión solapadas. En algunas realizaciones los elementos de fijación, tales como remaches, tomillos, puntas o similares, se extienden a través del grosor de las partes de adhesión solapadas, fijando de ese modo el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí. Por ello, mediante la fijación temporal del primer y segundo elementos de larguero entre sí, por ejemplo, puede omitirse un curado del adhesivo entre las partes de adhesión solapadas antes de que la capa de fibra se proporcione en el caso de grandes segmentos de larguero que tienden a la deformación por autocarga. Los elementos de fijación no se retiran en algunas realizaciones. La fijación temporal se refiere al tiempo hasta que el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero se fijan entre sí por el adhesivo curado y la capa de fibra curada. Dado que los elementos de fijación no se retiran, también fijan el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí después del curado.As mentioned above, a spar spar has a length of 50 meters and more, in some embodiments and, for example, in the case of two spar segments each will have a length of approximately 25 meters. Stringer segments that can be manufactured from a composite material are typically flexible in some embodiments and, therefore, tend to deformation by self-loading. In some embodiments, the fiber layer that is provided in the joint zone extends approximately several meters in either longitudinal direction of the two beam segments and is wound around the joint zone. For this reason, in this case a support structure that supports the spar segments in the joining area could impair the application of the at least one fiber layer in the joining zone. Therefore, in some embodiments, the spar segments are not supported in the region where the fiber layer is provided. To avoid a dislocation of the spar segments, for example by deformation by self-loading, after the second spar segment has been positioned in the first spar segment, and by a cracking of the composite material in the bond zone , multiple fasteners are provided in the adhesion parts overlapping. In some embodiments the fasteners, such as rivets, screws, tips or the like, extend through the thickness of the overlapping adhesion portions, thereby securing the first and second beam segments together. Therefore, by temporarily fixing the first and second spar members together, for example, a curing of the adhesive between the overlapping adhesion portions may be omitted before the fiber layer is provided in the case of large spar segments which tend to deformation by self-loading. The fasteners are not removed in some embodiments. The temporary fixation refers to the time until the first and second stringer segments are fixed to each other by the cured adhesive and the cured fiber layer. Since the fasteners are not removed, they also fix the first and second beam segments together after curing.

En algunas realizaciones, antes del curado de la resina y el adhesivo, se proporciona una bolsa de vacío que encierra al menos la zona de la al menos una capa de fibra. La aplicación de un vacío presiona la al menos una capa de fibra sobre la superficie de los segmentos de larguero y, de ese modo, la al menos una capa de fibra se fija a los segmentos de larguero. Después de que se aplique el vacío en la bolsa, se realiza el curado.In some embodiments, prior to curing the resin and the adhesive, a vacuum bag is provided that encloses at least the area of the at least one fiber layer. The application of a vacuum presses the at least one fiber layer onto the surface of the spar segments and, thereby, the at least one fiber layer is fixed to the spar segments. After the vacuum is applied in the bag, curing is performed.

La etapa de curado comprende en algunas realizaciones el calentamiento a una temperatura por encima de 100 °C. En algunas realizaciones, la etapa de curado comprende calentar a una temperatura de aproximadamente 120 °C. El calentamiento se realiza, por ejemplo, mediante el soplado de aire caliente producido por un soplador y un calentador a través de los segmentos de larguero que están huecos en algunas realizaciones. Más aún, el calor puede aplicarse también desde el exterior de los segmentos de larguero sobre la zona de unión y la capa de fibra, por ejemplo mediante aire caliente, mantas de calentamiento, calentador radiante, horno, o similares. En algunas realizaciones el calentamiento dura aproximadamente tres horas para el curado del adhesivo y la al menos una capa de fibra. La temperatura, y en particular el tiempo de calentamiento dependen del material compuesto usado, la resina, y los grosores del adhesivo entre las partes de adhesión solapadas y la al menos una capa de fibra.The curing step comprises in some embodiments heating to a temperature above 100 ° C. In some embodiments, the curing step comprises heating to a temperature of about 120 ° C. The heating is performed, for example, by blowing hot air produced by a blower and a heater through the spar segments which are hollow in some embodiments. Moreover, the heat can also be applied from the outside of the stringer segments on the joining zone and the fiber layer, for example by means of hot air, heating blankets, radiant heater, furnace, or the like. In some embodiments the heating takes about three hours for the curing of the adhesive and the at least one fiber layer. The temperature, and in particular the heating time, depends on the composite material used, the resin, and the thicknesses of the adhesive between the overlapping adhesion portions and the at least one fiber layer.

En algunas realizaciones, la primera parte de adhesión del primer segmento de larguero y/o la segunda parte de adhesión del segundo elemento de larguero están ahusadas. Mediante el ahusado de las partes de adhesión, puede reducirse el grosor final de la zona de unión y, por ejemplo, la inserción del segundo segmento de larguero dentro del primer segmento de larguero puede simplificarse en algunas realizaciones debido a la forma ahusada de la sección del extremo insertado del segundo segmento de larguero. En algunas realizaciones, el ahusado de la(s) parte(s) de adhesión se realiza durante la fabricación de los segmentos de larguero. En otras realizaciones, el ahusado se proporciona después de la fabricación de los segmentos de larguero o se realiza durante y después de la fabricación del larguero.In some embodiments, the first adhesion portion of the first stringer segment and / or the second adhesion portion of the second stringer member are tapered. By tapering the adhesion portions, the final thickness of the joint zone can be reduced and, for example, the insertion of the second beam segment within the first beam segment can be simplified in some embodiments due to the tapered shape of the section. of the inserted end of the second spar segment. In some embodiments, the tapering of the adhesion portion (s) is performed during the manufacture of the spar segments. In other embodiments, the taper is provided after the manufacture of the spar segments or is performed during and after the manufacture of the spar.

La al menos una capa de fibra puede formarse más gruesa en la zona de unión de las partes de adhesión solapadas que en fuera de la zona de unión de modo que se proporcione una zona más gruesa en la zona de unión. Mediante la aplicación de una capa de fibra más gruesa o más capas de fibra en la zona de unión, por ejemplo, puede compensarse el material faltante en las partes de adhesión ahusadas. Más aún, en la zona de unión hay un escalón en la unión del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero debido al solape de las partes de adhesión, como se ha mencionado anteriormente. Mediante la variación del grosor de la capa de fibra puede compensarse el escalón y la superficie exterior de los segmentos de larguero unidos puede suavizarse en la zona de unión.The at least one fiber layer can be formed coarser in the bond region of the overlapped adhesion portions than outside the bond zone so that a thicker zone is provided in the bond zone. By applying a thicker fiber layer or more fiber layers in the bonding zone, for example, the missing material in the tapered adhesion portions can be compensated. Moreover, in the joining zone there is a step in the joining of the first and second stringer segments due to the overlap of the adhesion parts, as mentioned above. By varying the thickness of the fiber layer the step can be compensated and the outer surface of the joined beam segments can be smoothed in the joint area.

Como se ha mencionado, en algunas realizaciones, el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero de pala se fijan con una pluralidad de elementos de fijación entre sí en la zona del solape de la primera y segunda partes de adhesión. En dichas realizaciones la adhesión de las partes de adhesión entre sí y, por ello, también el adhesivo entre las partes de adhesión solapadas, podría omitirse o el adhesivo entre la primera y segunda partes de adhesión podría curarse independientemente del curado de la capa de fibra. Por ello, en dichas realizaciones el método para la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una pala de turbina eólica comprende las etapas de: posicionar un primer segmento de larguero que tiene una primera parte de conexión; posicionar un segundo segmento de larguero que tiene una segunda parte de conexión en el primer segmento de larguero, de modo que la primera parte de conexión y la segunda parte de conexión se solapen al menos parcialmente; proporcionar una pluralidad de elementos de fijación, tales como remaches, pasadores, tornillos o similares, que se extienden al menos parcialmente a través del grosor de las partes de conexión solapadas; proporcionar al menos una capa de fibra impregnada con una resina sin curar sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero al menos en la zona de unión del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero; y curar la resina, fijando de ese modo el primer y el segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí. En dichas realizaciones se hace referencia a la primera y segunda partes de adhesión del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero, respectivamente, como la primera y segunda partes de conexión, dado que en dichas realizaciones puede omitirse el adhesivo entre las adhesiones, es decir partes de conexión. La descripción de las partes adhesivas en el presente documento se aplica también a las partes de conexión de dichas realizaciones. También la descripción de la fijación del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí mediante los elementos de fijación y la descripción de las etapas del método idéntico se aplica sobre dichas realizaciones. As mentioned, in some embodiments, the first and second blade spar segments are secured with a plurality of fasteners together in the area of the overlap of the first and second adhesion portions. In such embodiments the adhesion of the adhesion portions to each other and, therefore, also the adhesive between the overlapped adhesion portions, could be omitted or the adhesive between the first and second adhesion portions could be cured independently of the curing of the fiber layer . Therefore, in said embodiments the method for manufacturing a spar spar for a wind turbine blade comprises the steps of: positioning a first stringer segment having a first connection part; positioning a second stringer segment having a second connection part on the first stringer segment, so that the first connection part and the second connection part overlap at least partially; providing a plurality of fasteners, such as rivets, pins, screws or the like, which extend at least partially through the thickness of the overlapping connection parts; providing at least one layer of fiber impregnated with an uncured resin on the outer surfaces of the first and second stringer segments at least in the joint zone of the first and second stringer segments; and curing the resin, thereby fixing the first and second rail segments together. In said embodiments reference is made to the first and second adhesion portions of the first and second stringer segments, respectively, as the first and second connection parts, since in such embodiments the adhesive may be omitted between the adhesions, ie parts of Connection. The description of the adhesive parts in the present document also applies to the connecting parts of said embodiments. Also the description of the fastening of the first and second stringer segments to one another by means of the fasteners and the description of the steps of the identical method is applied to said embodiments.

Algunas realizaciones se refieren a una pala de rotor para una turbina eólica, que comprende un larguero que se fabrica al menos parcialmente de acuerdo con el método explicado anteriormente. Algunas realizaciones se refieren a la turbina eólica con al menos una de dichas palas del rotor. La turbina eólica comprende típicamente una góndola, un rotor con una, dos, tres o más palas de rotor y una torre, y elementos para convertir la energía eólica en energía eléctrica, como es conocido para el experto en la materia. Volviendo a las figuras 1 a 3, se ilustra una realización de un larguero 1 para una pala de turbina eólica, que se forma mediante la unión de un segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y un segmento de larguero de punta 3 de acuerdo con un método de fabricación que incluye las etapas mostradas en un diagrama de flujo en la figura 4. El método de fabricación del larguero 1 comienza en la etapa 16 (figura 4, que muestra las etapas de A: Posicionar un segmento de larguero de raíz que tiene una primera parte de adhesión, B: Posicionar un segmento de larguero de punta que tiene una segunda parte de adhesión, C: Envolver una capa de adhesión alrededor de la segunda parte de adhesión, D: Insertar parcialmente el segmento de larguero de punta dentro del segmento de larguero de raíz de modo que la primera parte de adhesión y la segunda parte de adhesión se solapen al menos parcialmente con la capa de adhesión entre ellas, E: Proporcionar múltiples remaches que se extienden a través de las partes de adhesión solapadas para fijar temporalmente los segmentos de larguero de raíz y de punta entre sí, F: Proporcionar una capa de fibra impregnada con una resina sin curar sobre las superficies exteriores de los segmentos de larguero de raíz y de punta al menos en la zona de unión, G: Simultáneamente curar el adhesivo y la resina, fijando de ese modo el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero entre sí) y en 17 el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 prefabricado con una primera parte de adhesión 8 se posiciona y en la etapa 18 el segmento de larguero de punta 3 prefabricado con una segunda parte de adhesión 9 se posiciona, por ejemplo sobre estructuras de soporte respectivas (no mostradas). El segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y el segmento de larguero de punta 3 comprenden cada uno un material compuesto.Some embodiments refer to a rotor blade for a wind turbine, comprising a beam that is at least partially manufactured according to the method explained above. Some embodiments refer to the wind turbine with at least one of said rotor blades. The wind turbine typically comprises a gondola, a rotor with one, two, three or more rotor blades and a tower, and elements to convert wind energy into energy electrical, as is known to the person skilled in the art. Returning to FIGS. 1 to 3, there is illustrated an embodiment of a spar 1 for a wind turbine blade, which is formed by joining a root stringer segment 2 and a tip stringer segment 3 according to a method of manufacture including the steps shown in a flowchart in Figure 4. The method of manufacturing the spar 1 begins in step 16 (Figure 4, which shows the steps of A: Positioning a root stringer segment having a first adhesion part, B: Position a tip stringer segment having a second adhesion part, C: Wrap an adhesion layer around the second adhesion part, D: Partially insert the tip stringer segment within the segment of root spar so that the first adhesion part and the second adhesion part overlap at least partially with the adhesion layer between them, E: Provide multiple rivets extending through the overlapping adhesion portions for temporarily fixing the root and tip beam segments to each other, F: Providing a layer of fiber impregnated with an uncured resin on the outer surfaces of the root and tip beam segments at least in the joining zone, G: Simultaneously curing the adhesive and the resin, thereby securing the first and second stringer segments together) and at 17 the prefabricated root rail segment 2 with a first adhesion portion 8 is positioned and in step 18 the prefabricated tip 3 stringer segment with a second adhesion portion 9 is positioned, for example on respective support structures (not shown). The root stringer segment 2 and the tip stringer segment 3 each comprise a composite material.

El segmento de larguero de raíz 2 tiene un extremo de raíz 4 que se posiciona en una raíz de la pala, cuando se integra el larguero dentro de la pala de turbina eólica. En el otro extremo opuesto al extremo de raíz 4, el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 tiene un extremo de punta 5. El segmento de larguero de raíz 2 está hueco y tiene sustancialmente una sección transversal circular en la zona del extremo de raíz 4, mientras que la sección transversal en la zona del extremo de punta 5 es básicamente rectangular, de modo que, por ejemplo las mitades de pala pueden conectarse al segmento de larguero de raíz 2. Más aún, el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 tiene una forma cónica, es decir su diámetro es mayor en el extremo de raíz 4 que en el extremo de punta 5.The root rail segment 2 has a root end 4 that is positioned on a root of the blade, when the spar is integrated into the wind turbine blade. At the other end opposite the root end 4, the root spar segment 2 has a tip end 5. The root spar segment 2 is hollow and has substantially a circular cross section in the root end zone 4, while the cross section in the area of the tip end 5 is basically rectangular, so that, for example the blade halves can be connected to the root beam segment 2. Moreover, the root beam segment 2 has a shape conical, ie its diameter is greater at the end of root 4 than at the end of point 5.

El segmento de larguero de punta 3 tiene un extremo de raíz 6 y un extremo de punta 7. El segmento de larguero de punta 3 se insertará con el extremo de raíz 6 telescópicamente dentro del extremo de punta hueco 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz. El extremo de punta 7 del segmento de larguero de punta 3 estará en el extremo de punta de la pala, cuando el larguero de pala 1 se integra dentro de la pala de turbina eólica. También el segmento de larguero de punta 3 tiene una forma cónica y su diámetro es mayor en el extremo de raíz 6 que en el extremo de punta 7. El segmento de larguero de punta 3 tiene una sección transversal rectangular que es similar a, pero más pequeña que, la sección transversal del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 en su extremo de punta 5, de modo que el segmento de larguero de punta 3 pueda insertarse telescópicamente dentro del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 en el extremo de punta 4 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2.The tip stringer segment 3 has a root end 6 and a tip end 7. The tip stringer segment 3 will be inserted with the root end 6 telescopically inside the hollow point end 5 of the root spar segment. The tip end 7 of the tip stringer segment 3 will be at the tip end of the blade, when the blade stringer 1 is integrated into the wind turbine blade. Also the tip stringer segment 3 has a conical shape and its diameter is greater at the root end 6 than at the tip end 7. The tip stringer segment 3 has a rectangular cross section that is similar to, but more smaller than, the cross section of the root spar segment 2 at its tip end 5, so that the tip spar segment 3 can be telescopically inserted within the root spar segment 2 at the tip end 4 of the spacer segment. Root Stringer 2.

De acuerdo con la invención, como se ha mencionado anteriormente, el extremo de raíz 6 del segmento de larguero de punta 3 se inserta dentro del extremo de punta 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2.According to the invention, as mentioned above, the root end 6 of the tip spar segment 3 is inserted into the tip end 5 of the root spar segment 2.

El segmento de larguero de raíz 2 se fabrica de un material compuesto que comprende básicamente fibras de vidrio y una resina en la zona del extremo de raíz 4 y se fabrica mediante el bobinado del material compuesto alrededor del núcleo. El segmento de larguero de punta 3 se fabrica de un material compuesto que comprende una mezcla de fibras de carbono y de vidrio y una resina. Las mezclas del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y del segmento de larguero de punta 3 son diferentes debido a la diferente clase de cargas que actúan durante la operación de la turbina eólica sobre ellos. El segmento de larguero de raíz 2 se monta con el extremo de raíz 4 en un rotor de una turbina eólica y, por ello, ha de soportar el peso total de la pala del rotor, mientras que el segmento de larguero de punta 3 se posiciona hacia el exterior de la pala del rotor y está expuesto, por ejemplo, a las cargas de flexión y cortadura. Mediante la variación de la cantidad de fibras de carbono y vidrio en el material compuesto, pueden variarse las características mecánicas del material compuesto, dado que las fibras de carbono proporcionan más flexibilidad que, por ejemplo, las fibras de vidrio, como es conocido para el experto en la materia.The root stringer segment 2 is made of a composite material comprising basically glass fibers and a resin in the root end region 4 and is manufactured by winding the composite material around the core. The tip stringer segment 3 is made of a composite material comprising a mixture of carbon and glass fibers and a resin. The mixtures of the 2-leg spar segment and the 3-leg spar segment are different due to the different kind of loads acting during the operation of the wind turbine on them. The root rail segment 2 is mounted with the root end 4 in a rotor of a wind turbine and, therefore, has to support the total weight of the rotor blade, while the tip rail segment 3 is positioned towards the outside of the rotor blade and is exposed, for example, to bending and shearing loads. By varying the amount of carbon and glass fibers in the composite material, the mechanical characteristics of the composite material can be varied, since carbon fibers provide more flexibility than, for example, glass fibers, as is known to the skilled.

El segmento de larguero de raíz 2 tiene una primera parte de adhesión 8 (figuras 2 y 3) en el extremo de punta 5 y el segmento de larguero de punta 3 tiene una segunda parte de adhesión 9 en su extremo de raíz 6. En esta realización la primera 8 y segunda 9 partes de adhesión están integradas con los segmentos de larguero de raíz 2 y de punta 3, respectivamente, y se extienden alrededor de la periferia del extremo de punta 5 y del extremo de raíz 6, respectivamente.The root spar segment 2 has a first adhesion portion 8 (figures 2 and 3) at the tip end 5 and the tip spar segment 3 has a second adhesion portion 9 at its root end 6. In this embodiment the first 8 and second 9 adhesion portions are integrated with the root 2 and tip 3 beam segments, respectively, and extend around the periphery of the tip end 5 and the root end 6, respectively.

Como se ha mencionado anteriormente, en algunas realizaciones, en las que el adhesivo entre la primera y segunda partes de adhesión solapadas podría también omitirse, se hace referencia a la primera y segunda partes de adhesión como la primera y segunda partes de conexión, respectivamente. Más allá de esa diferencia, la descripción de la presente realización también se aplica a dichas realizaciones, en las que el primer y segundo segmentos se fijan entre sí con los elementos de fijación 15.As mentioned above, in some embodiments, in which the adhesive between the first and second overlapped adhesion portions could also be omitted, reference is made to the first and second adhesion portions as the first and second connection portions, respectively. Beyond that difference, the description of the present embodiment also applies to said embodiments, wherein the first and second segments are secured together with the fasteners 15.

Más aún, la primera y segunda partes de adhesión 8, 9 están ahusadas (véanse las figuras 2 y 3). La primera parte de adhesión 8 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 está inclinada sobre la superficie exterior de modo que el grosor del material compuesto disminuye en la dirección hacia el extremo de punta 5. De modo similar, la segunda parte de adhesión 9 está inclinada en la superficie exterior, de modo que el grosor del material compuesto disminuye en la dirección hacia el extremo de raíz 6. El ahusado simplifica la inserción del extremo de raíz 6 del segmento de larguero de punta 3 dentro del extremo de punta 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y la altura de una etapa 12 se reduce en comparación con un extremo de punta 5 sin ahusar del segmento de larguero de raíz 2.Moreover, the first and second adhesion portions 8, 9 are tapered (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The first adhesion portion 8 of the root spar segment 2 is inclined on the outer surface so that the thickness of the composite material decreases in the direction towards the tip end 5. Similarly, the second part of the adhesion 9 is inclined on the outer surface, so that the thickness of the composite material decreases in the direction towards the root end 6. The tapered simplifies the insertion of the root end 6 of the tip stringer segment 3 into the tip end 5 of the root spar segment 2 and the height of a step 12 is reduced in comparison to a non-tapered end of 5 of the root spar segment 2.

En la etapa 19, se envuelve una capa de adhesión 10 (figuras 2 y 3) alrededor de la superficie exterior del segmento de larguero de punta 3 en la segunda parte de adhesión 9. La capa de adhesión 10 se fabrica de un material compuesto, tal como un preimpregnado, que comprende, por ejemplo, una mezcla de fibras de carbono y vidrio y una resina epoxi. La capa de adhesión 10 tiene un grosor de aproximadamente 1 mm y tiene sustancialmente consistencia sólida. Debido al carácter sólido, la capa de adhesión 10 puede envolverse alrededor de la segunda parte de adhesión 9 y se pega a la parte de adhesión 9 debido a la resina epoxi.In step 19, an adhesion layer 10 (figures 2 and 3) is wrapped around the outer surface of the tip stringer segment 3 in the second adhesion part 9. The adhesion layer 10 is made of a composite material, such as a prepreg, comprising, for example, a mixture of carbon and glass fibers and an epoxy resin. The adhesion layer 10 has a thickness of about 1 mm and has substantially solid consistency. Due to the solid character, the adhesion layer 10 can be wrapped around the second adhesion part 9 and is bonded to the adhesion part 9 due to the epoxy resin.

A continuación, en la etapa 20, el segmento de larguero de punta 2 se inserta parcialmente con el extremo de raíz 6 dentro del extremo de punta hueco 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2, de modo que la primera parte de adhesión 8 solape parcialmente la segunda parte de adhesión 9 junto con la capa de adhesión 10. El área de solape de las partes de adhesión 8, 9 en esta realización se extiende aproximadamente 400 mm en la dirección longitudinal, es decir en la dirección longitudinal tanto del extremo de punta 5 como del extremo de raíz 6. El ancho de la capa de adhesión 10 se adapta al área de solape de las partes de adhesión 8, 9 y, por ello, es también de aproximadamente 400 mm. La capa de adhesión 10 se localiza entre la superficie interior del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 en la zona de la primera parte de adhesión 8 y la superficie exterior del segmento de larguero de punta 3 en la zona de la segunda parte de adhesión 9 y, por ello, está en contacto con las superficies interior y exterior respectivas del material compuesto. Estas superficies interior y exterior de la primera y segunda partes de adhesión 8, 9 en contacto con la capa de adhesión 10 son sustancialmente planas de modo que se proporciona un hueco uniforme entre las partes de adhesión 8, 9 solapadas, que se llena por la capa de adhesión 10.Next, in step 20, the tip stringer segment 2 is partially inserted with the root end 6 into the hollow tip end 5 of the root stringer segment 2, so that the first adhesion part 8 partially overlaps. the second adhesion portion 9 together with the adhesion layer 10. The overlap area of the adhesion portions 8, 9 in this embodiment extends approximately 400 mm in the longitudinal direction, ie in the longitudinal direction of both the tip end 5 as the root end 6. The width of the adhesion layer 10 is adapted to the overlap area of the adhesion portions 8, 9 and, therefore, is also about 400 mm. The adhesion layer 10 is located between the inner surface of the root spar segment 2 in the region of the first adhesion portion 8 and the outer surface of the spar segment 3 in the region of the second adhesion portion 9 and , therefore, it is in contact with the respective inner and outer surfaces of the composite material. These inner and outer surfaces of the first and second adhesion portions 8, 9 in contact with the adhesion layer 10 are substantially flat so that a uniform gap is provided between the overlapping adhesion portions 8, 9, which is filled by the adhesion layer 10.

A continuación, en la etapa 21, se proporciona una pluralidad de remaches 15, que se extenderán a través del grosor de la primera parte de adhesión 8, la capa de adhesión 10 y la segunda parte de adhesión 9. Los remaches 15 se distribuyen uniformemente alrededor de la periferia del extremo de punta 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2. Antes de insertar y fijar los remaches 15, a través de los orificios se taladra a través de la primera y segunda partes de adhesión 8, 9 así como a través de la capa de adhesión 10. Los remaches 15 fijan temporalmente el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y el segmento de larguero de punta 3 entre sí, dado que de otra forma los segmentos de larguero de raíz y de punta 2, 3 tienden a desalinearse debido a la deformación por auto-carga y a sus longitudes que podrían tender también a la formación de grietas en el material compuesto de los segmentos de larguero de raíz y/o de punta. El doblado de los segmentos de larguero de raíz y/o de punta 2, 3 en particular en la zona del extremo de punta 5 y del extremo del raíz 6 puede evitarse, por ejemplo, mediante el soporte de los segmentos de larguero de raíz y de punta 8, 9 con una estructura de soporte (no mostrada) en estas zonas antes de su fijación con remaches 15 de unión. La estructura de soporte puede retirarse después de haber fijado el segmento de larguero de raíz 8 y el segmento de larguero de punta 9 entre sí mediante la pluralidad de remaches 15, de modo que la estructura de soporte ya no perjudique la aplicación de una capa de fibra 13.Next, in step 21, a plurality of rivets 15 are provided, which will extend through the thickness of the first adhesion portion 8, the adhesion layer 10 and the second adhesion portion 9. The rivets 15 are evenly distributed around the periphery of the tip end 5 of the root spar segment 2. Before inserting and fixing the rivets 15, through the holes drilled through the first and second adhesion parts 8, 9 as well as through of the adhesion layer 10. The rivets 15 temporarily fix the root spar segment 2 and the tip spar segment 3 together, since otherwise the root spar and spline segments 2, 3 tend to misalign due to the self-loading deformation and its lengths which could also tend to the formation of cracks in the composite material of the root and / or tip beam segments. The bending of the root and / or tip spacer segments 2, 3 in particular in the area of the tip end 5 and the end of the root 6 can be avoided, for example, by supporting the root spar segments and 8, 9 with a support structure (not shown) in these areas before being fixed with union rivets 15. The support structure can be removed after the root rail segment 8 and the tip rail segment 9 have been fixed to each other by the plurality of rivets 15, so that the support structure no longer hinders the application of a layer of fiber. fiber 13.

A continuación, en la etapa 22, se envuelve una capa de fibra 13 alrededor de la zona de unión 11. La capa de fibra 13 se fabrica de un material compuesto tal como de preimpregnados, que comprende un material de bobinado y planchas fabricadas de una mezcla de fibras de carbono y de vidrio, que se impregnan con una resina epoxi sin curar. La zona de unión 11 es la zona en donde se forma el escalón 12 por el borde del extremo de punta 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y la capa de adhesión 10. En la presente realización, la capa de fibra 13 se extiende aproximadamente seis metros en la dirección longitudinal del larguero 1, es decir aproximadamente tres metros al lado izquierdo y derecho de la zona de unión 11 y tiene un grosor promedio de aproximadamente 25 mm. La capa de fibra 13 no solo comprende una capa de fibras, sino que se fabrica de una pluralidad de fibras y planchas fabricadas de fibras de modo que formen el grosor promedio de aproximadamente 25 mm.Next, in step 22, a fiber layer 13 is wrapped around the joining zone 11. The fiber layer 13 is made of a composite material such as prepregs, which comprises a winding material and sheets made from a mixture of carbon fibers and glass, which are impregnated with an uncured epoxy resin. The joint zone 11 is the area where the step 12 is formed by the edge of the tip end 5 of the root spar segment 2 and the adhesion layer 10. In the present embodiment, the fiber layer 13 extends approximately six meters in the longitudinal direction of the spar 1, that is approximately three meters on the left and right side of the joining zone 11 and has an average thickness of approximately 25 mm. The fiber layer 13 not only comprises a fiber layer, but is made of a plurality of fibers and sheets made of fibers so as to form the average thickness of about 25 mm.

Más aún, la capa de fibra 13 se forma de tal modo que su grosor en la zona de unión 11 es mayor que fuera de la zona de unión 11, proporcionando de ese modo una parte más gruesa 14 en la zona de unión 11, para compensar el ahusado de la primera y segundas partes de adhesión 8, 9 y, por ello, el grosor reducido del material compuesto en las partes de adhesión 8, 9 del material compuesto de los segmentos de larguero de raíz y punta 2, 3 y la capa de adhesión 10 (comparado con el grosor fuera de estas partes). Más aún, la transición desde el segmento de larguero de punta 3 al segmento de larguero de raíz 2 con el escalón 12 se suaviza por la capa de fibra 13. La variación del grosor de la parte más gruesa 14 de la capa de fibra 13 está adaptada a la forma del área de transición.Moreover, the fiber layer 13 is formed in such a way that its thickness in the bonding zone 11 is greater than outside the bonding zone 11, thereby providing a thicker part 14 in the bonding zone 11, for compensating the tapering of the first and second adhesion portions 8, 9 and, therefore, the reduced thickness of the composite material in the adhesion portions 8, 9 of the composite material of the root and tip spar segments 2, 3 and the adhesion layer 10 (compared to the thickness outside of these parts). Moreover, the transition from the tip beam section 3 to the root beam segment 2 with the step 12 is smoothed by the fiber layer 13. The thickness variation of the thickest part 14 of the fiber layer 13 is adapted to the shape of the transition area.

En algunas realizaciones, el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 comprende rendijas en la zona del extremo de punta 5 que transcurren en la dirección longitudinal del segmento de larguero de raíz 2, para proporcionar partes flexibles dentro de la primera parte de adhesión 8 que pueden presionarse contra la capa de adhesión 10. Para evitar grietas en la zona extrema de las rendijas, se taladran, por ejemplo, orificios dentro del material compuesto en el extremo cerrado de cada rendija.In some embodiments, the root spar segment 2 comprises slits in the area of the tip end 5 that run in the longitudinal direction of the root spar segment 2, to provide flexible parts within the first adhesion portion 8 that can be pressed. against the adhesion layer 10. To avoid cracks in the end region of the slits, holes are drilled, for example, into the composite material at the closed end of each slit.

Antes de realizar el curado, el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y el segmento de larguero de punta 3 se encierran mediante una bolsa de vacío (no mostrada) en la zona de la capa de fibra 13, y se aplica un vacío. La presión de aire presiona sobre la bolsa de vacío y, por ello, también sobre la capa de fibra 13 que rodea la zona de unión 11. Debido a las rendijas en la zona del extremo de punta 5 del segmento de larguero de raíz 2, las partes flexibles dentro de la primera parte de adhesión 8 presionan contra la capa de adhesión 10 para asegurar un buen contacto entre la capa de adhesión 10 y la superficie interior de la primera parte de adhesión 8 y la superficie exterior de las segunda parte de adhesión 9.Before curing, the root spar segment 2 and the tip spar segment 3 are enclosed by a vacuum bag (not shown) in the area of the fiber layer 13, and a vacuum is applied. The pressure of air presses on the vacuum bag and, therefore, also on the fiber layer 13 surrounding the joint area 11. Due to the slits in the area of the tip end 5 of the root rail segment 2, the flexible parts within the first adhesion portion 8 they press against the adhesion layer 10 to ensure good contact between the adhesion layer 10 and the inner surface of the first adhesion portion 8 and the outer surface of the second adhesion portion 9.

A continuación, en la etapa 23, la capa de fibra 13 y la capa de adhesión 10 se curan simultáneamente. El curado se realiza a una temperatura de aproximadamente 120 °C mediante el soplado de aire caliente a través del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y del segmento de larguero de punta 3 huecos que, por ello, también pasa por la zona de unión 11. El aire caliente calienta el segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y el segmento de larguero de punta y de ese modo también la capa de adhesión 10 que se cura. Más aún, se aplica calor desde el exterior sobre los segmentos de larguero de raíz y punta 2, 3 por ejemplo, mediante un soplador de aire caliente (u horno) que aplica calor sobre la capa de fibra 13 y calienta de ese modo la capa de fibra 13. Por ello, la capa de adhesión 10 y la capa de fibra 13 se curan simultáneamente.Next, in step 23, the fiber layer 13 and the adhesion layer 10 are cured simultaneously. The curing is carried out at a temperature of approximately 120 ° C by blowing hot air through the root spar segment 2 and the hollow point spacer segment 3 which, therefore, also passes through the joining zone 11. The hot air heats the root rail segment 2 and the tip rail segment and thereby also the adhesion layer 10 which is cured. Moreover, heat is applied from the outside on the root and tip spar segments 2, 3 for example, by a hot air blower (or furnace) which applies heat on the fiber layer 13 and thereby heats the layer of fiber 13. Therefore, the adhesion layer 10 and the fiber layer 13 are cured simultaneously.

El curado lleva aproximadamente tres horas y después de la etapa 23 de curado, finaliza el método de fabricación en 24.The curing takes approximately three hours and after the curing stage 23, the manufacturing method ends at 24.

En la presente realización, la envoltura de la capa de adhesión 10 así como el montaje de los remaches 15 lleva cada uno aproximadamente 10 minutos. La envoltura de la capa de fibra 13 lleva aproximadamente media hora y, como se ha mencionado, el curado lleva aproximadamente tres horas. Dado que los remaches 15 se proporcionan para la fijación del segmento de larguero de raíz 2 y del segmento de larguero de punta 3 juntos, no hay necesidad de, por ejemplo, curar la capa de adhesión 10 antes de que se proporcione la capa de fibra 13 para fijar los segmentos del larguero de raíz y punta 8, 9 entre sí. Ahorrando de ese modo el tiempo que se necesitaría para curar la capa de adhesión 10. Como se ha mencionado anteriormente, en particular, largos segmentos de larguero de pala tienden a deformación por auto-carga y, por ello, se necesita una fijación en la zona de unión 11 antes de que se proporcione la capa de fibra 13, para asegurar que los segmentos de larguero de raíz y punta 2, 3 están bien alineados entre sí y que el material compuesto no se agrieta en la zona de unión 11 debido a deformación por autocarga.In the present embodiment, the envelope of the adhesion layer 10 as well as the assembly of the rivets 15 each carry approximately 10 minutes. The envelope of the fiber layer 13 takes about half an hour and, as mentioned, curing takes about three hours. Since the rivets 15 are provided for the attachment of the root spar segment 2 and the spar segment segment 3 together, there is no need, for example, to cure the adhesion layer 10 before the fiber layer is provided 13 to fix the segments of the root rail and tip 8, 9 together. Saving thereby the time it would take to cure the adhesion layer 10. As mentioned above, in particular, long segments of spar stringer tend to deformation by self-loading and, therefore, a fixation in the Union area 11 before the fiber layer 13 is provided, to ensure that the root and tip rail segments 2, 3 are well aligned with each other and that the composite material does not crack in the bond zone 11 due to deformation by self-loading.

En otras realizaciones, pueden usarse otros elementos de fijación, tales como tornillos, pasadores o cualquier otro elemento de fijación adecuado que pueda proporcionar una fijación temporal de los segmentos de larguero respectivos entre sí. In other embodiments, other fasteners may be used, such as screws, pins or any other suitable fastening element that can provide temporary fixation of the respective beam segments to each other.

Claims (13)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un método para la fabricación de un larguero de pala para una pala de turbina eólica, que comprende las etapas de:A method for manufacturing a spar spar for a wind turbine blade, comprising the steps of: posicionar (17) un primer segmento de larguero (2) que tiene una primera parte de adhesión (8); posicionar (18) un segundo segmento de larguero (3) que tiene una segunda parte de adhesión (9); insertar parcialmente un extremo de raíz (6) del segundo segmento de larguero (3) en un extremo de punta (5) del primer segmento de larguero (2) de modo que la primera parte de adhesión (8) y la segunda parte de adhesión (9) se solapen al menos parcialmente, en el que se proporciona un adhesivo al menos parcialmente entre las partes de adhesión solapadas (8, 9);positioning (17) a first stringer segment (2) having a first adhesion portion (8); positioning (18) a second stringer segment (3) having a second adhesion portion (9); partially inserting a root end (6) of the second stringer segment (3) into a tip end (5) of the first stringer segment (2) so that the first adhesion part (8) and the second adhesion part (9) overlap at least partially, in which an adhesive is at least partially provided between the overlapping adhesion portions (8, 9); proporcionar (22) al menos una capa de fibra (13) impregnada con una resina sin curar sobre las superficies exteriores del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3) al menos en la zona de unión (11) del primer y segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3); yproviding (22) at least one fiber layer (13) impregnated with an uncured resin on the outer surfaces of the first and second spar segments (2, 3) at least in the joining zone (11) of the first and second segments Stringer (2, 3); Y curar simultáneamente (23) el adhesivo (10) y la resina, fijando de ese modo el primer y segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3) entre sí.simultaneously curing (23) the adhesive (10) and the resin, thereby fixing the first and second spar segments (2, 3) together. 2. El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, que comprende la etapa de fijar el primer segmento de larguero y el segundo segmento de larguero entre sí con al menos un elemento de fijación (15) antes de que se proporcione la al menos una capa de fibra (13).The method according to claim 1, comprising the step of securing the first beam segment and the second beam segment with each other with at least one fastening element (15) before the at least one layer is provided fiber (13). 3. El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 2, en el que el al menos un elemento de fijación (15) se extiende a través del grosor de las partes de adhesión solapadas (8, 9).The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one fixing element (15) extends through the thickness of the overlapping adhesion portions (8, 9). 4. El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en el que el al menos un elemento de fijación (15) comprende un remache.The method according to claim 3, wherein the at least one fixing element (15) comprises a rivet. 5. El método de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que la etapa de curado comprende la etapa de calentamiento a una temperatura por encima de 100 °C.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the curing step comprises the heating step at a temperature above 100 ° C. 6. El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, en el que la etapa de curado comprende la etapa de calentamiento a una temperatura de aproximadamente 120 °C.The method according to claim 5, wherein the curing step comprises the heating step at a temperature of about 120 ° C. 7. El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5 o la reivindicación 6, en el que la etapa de curado comprende la etapa de calentamiento durante aproximadamente tres horas.The method according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the curing step comprises the heating step for about three hours. 8. El método de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende, antes de realizar la etapa de curado, la etapa de aplicar un vacío al menos en la zona de la al menos una capa de fibra (13).The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising, before performing the curing step, the step of applying a vacuum at least in the area of the at least one fiber layer (13). 9. El método de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el adhesivo (10) comprende una capa preimpregnada.The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive (10) comprises a prepreg layer. 10. El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 9, que comprende la etapa de envolver la capa preimpregnada alrededor de la segunda parte de adhesión (9).The method according to claim 9, comprising the step of wrapping the prepreg around the second adhesion part (9). 11. El método de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende la etapa de ahusar al menos parcialmente la parte de adhesión (8) del primer segmento de larguero (2) y/o la parte de adhesión (9) del segundo elemento de larguero (3).The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the step of at least partially tapering the adhesion portion (8) of the first spar segment (2) and / or the adhesion portion (9) of the second Stringer element (3). 12. El método de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que la etapa de proporcionar la al menos una capa de fibra (13) comprende la etapa de formar la capa de fibra (13) con una parte más gruesa (14) en la zona de unión (11) de las partes de adhesión solapadas (8, 9) que fuera de la zona de unión (11).The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the step of providing the at least one fiber layer (13) comprises the step of forming the fiber layer (13) with a thicker part (14). ) in the joining zone (11) of the overlapping adhesion parts (8, 9) outside the joining zone (11). 13. El método de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, que comprende la etapa de prefabricación del primer y/o segundo segmentos de larguero (2, 3) con un material compuesto y curarlos. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the step of prefabricating the first and / or second stringer segments (2, 3) with a composite material and curing them.
ES10157211T 2010-03-22 2010-03-22 Method for the manufacture of a spar spar for a wind turbine Active ES2703400T3 (en)

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EP10157211.3A EP2368699B1 (en) 2010-03-22 2010-03-22 Method for manufacturing a blade spar for a windturbine

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