ES2700964B1 - Submersible mussel anchoring device for marine pollution analysis - Google Patents
Submersible mussel anchoring device for marine pollution analysis Download PDFInfo
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- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 title claims description 38
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000693 bioaccumulation Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000234671 Ananas Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000012440 Acetylcholinesterase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010022752 Acetylcholinesterase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000006587 Glutathione peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108700016172 Glutathione peroxidases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000005720 Glutathione transferase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010070675 Glutathione transferase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229940022698 acetylcholinesterase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYFAGKUZYNFMBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzo[ghi]perylene Chemical group C1=CC(C2=C34)=CC=C3C=CC=C4C3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 GYFAGKUZYNFMBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGERRYPEGFPVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,12-phenyleneperylene Natural products C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=C(C=CC=C45)C4=C3C2=C2C5=CC=CC2=C1 LGERRYPEGFPVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017518 Cu Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237524 Mytilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012742 biochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002816 gill Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/186—Water using one or more living organisms, e.g. a fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Dispositivo sumergible de fondeo de mejillones para el análisis de la contaminación marina Submersible mussel anchoring device for marine pollution analysis
La presente invención se enmarca en el campo del control de la contaminación marina mediante el uso de mejillones.The present invention is framed in the field of marine pollution control through the use of mussels.
Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the Invention
La mayoría de los metales y los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes como los bifenilos policlorados (PCB), los compuestos organoestánnicos o los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) tienden a distribuirse en concentraciones más altas y estables en la fase particulada de los sedimentos marinos. Por lo tanto, la determinación de la contaminación implica muestrear dichos sedimentos para su análisis.Most metals and persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organotin compounds, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tend to distribute at higher and more stable concentrations in the particulate phase of marine sediments. Therefore, the determination of contamination involves sampling these sediments for analysis.
Por otro lado, es sabido que los mejillones son organismos bentónicos de sustrato duro, que viven fijados al sustrato natural mediante las fibras del biso, situadas en la parte anteriorventral del animal, y se alimentan de forma continua bombeando agua a través del sifón inhalante, situado en la parte posterior-dorsal. La apertura de las valvas es un mecanismo pasivo basado en la elasticidad de la charnela que las mantiene juntas, mientras que el cierre se debe a la acción de los músculos aductores. En el medio natural, los individuos se disponen en piñas con la orientación mencionada, lo cual facilita la apertura de las valvas y el bombeo del agua que transporta las partículas de alimento. Así pues, los mejillones pueden acumular contaminantes tanto directamente de la fase disuelta, como resultado del proceso de equilibrio de reparto, y también de las partículas de alimento ingeridas, como resultado de la digestión y asimilación. Estas características propias del mejillón lo hacen especialmente útil como organismo centinela.On the other hand, it is known that mussels are benthic organisms with a hard substrate, which live fixed to the natural substrate by means of the fibers of the biso, located in the anterior-lateral part of the animal, and feed continuously pumping water through the inhalant siphon, located in the posterior-dorsal part. The opening of the leaflets is a passive mechanism based on the elasticity of the hinge that holds them together, while the closure is due to the action of the adductor muscles. In the natural environment, individuals are arranged in pineapples with the aforementioned orientation, which facilitates the opening of the leaflets and the pumping of the water that transports the food particles. Thus, mussels can accumulate contaminants both directly from the dissolved phase, as a result of the partitioning equilibrium process, and also from ingested food particles, as a result of digestion and assimilation. These characteristics of the mussel make it especially useful as a sentinel organism.
Para la determinación de determinados metales traza, compuestos organoestánnicos, bifenilos policlorados e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos se han venido utilizando tanto en las operaciones de dragado como en las zonas donde no hay disponible mejillón silvestre, mejillones enjaulados en jaulas metálicas del género Mytilus, por ejemplo, tal y como divulga Heinke Helmholz et al. en “Seasonal and annual varíations in physiological and biochemical responses from transplanted marine bioindicator species Mytitlus spp. duríng a long term field exposure experience” en Science of the Total Environment 565 (2016) 626-636; o en W00210710 donde de divulga un aparato que utiliza moluscos bivalvos como detectores de sustancias tóxicas, cuyo aparato detecta los movimientos de la cáscara con un alto grado de precisión que permite el uso de moluscos de diferentes tamaños.For the determination of certain trace metals, organotin compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been used both in dredging operations and in areas where wild mussels are not available, mussels caged in metal cages of the Mytilus genus, for example, as disclosed by Heinke Helmholz et al. in “Seasonal and annual variations in physiological and biochemical responses from transplanted marine bioindicator species Mytitlus spp. duríng a long term field exposure experience ” in Science of the Total Environment 565 (2016) 626-636; or in W00210710 where an apparatus is disclosed that uses bivalve molluscs as detectors of toxic substances, whose apparatus detects the movements of the shell with a high degree of precision that allows the use of molluscs of different sizes.
Así pues, para el empleo de las capacidades filtrantes de los mejillones, estos deben trasplantarse del medio natural a la jaula metálica. Sin embargo, cuando se arrancan los mejillones del medio natural para su trasplante a las jaulas, estos tienden a pegarse entre ellos de forma desordenada mediante las fibras del biso, formando piñas en las que no se conserva la orientación descrita, lo cual puede interferir en la apertura pasiva de las valvas y, en consecuencia, en la acumulación de contaminantes y resultado del análisis. Además, los mejillones del interior y exterior de la piña están expuestos a distintas condiciones, lo cual no permite obtener resultados homogéneos de la muestra y, por lo tanto, las concentraciones de contaminantes determinadas en análisis no son del todo fiables.Thus, in order to use the filtering capabilities of the mussels, they must be transplanted from the natural environment into the metal cage. However, when mussels are plucked from the natural environment for transplantation to the cages, they tend to stick together in a disorderly way through the fibers of the bypass, forming pineapples in which the described orientation is not preserved, which can interfere with passive opening of the leaflets and, consequently, in the accumulation of contaminants and the result of the analysis. Furthermore, the mussels inside and outside the pineapple are exposed to different conditions, which does not allow obtaining homogeneous results of the sample and, therefore, the concentrations of contaminants determined in analyzes are not entirely reliable.
Por otro lado, en las jaulas metálicas empleadas para el trasplante de los mejillones tiene lugar la desorción del metal de la jaula cuando ésta se sumerge y está en contacto con el agua de mar, siendo el metal desorbido filtrado por el mejillón por proximidad y, en consecuencia, el análisis posterior de los mejillones enjaulados puede dar concentraciones de metales erróneas o que se apartan de la realidad. On the other hand, in the metal cages used for the transplantation of the mussels, desorption of the metal of the cage takes place when the cage is submerged and is in contact with seawater, the desorbed metal being filtered by the mussel by proximity and, consequently, subsequent analysis of caged mussels may give erroneous or deviating metal concentrations.
Finalmente, las jaulas metálicas son artefactos de gran peso, lo cual obliga a utilizar maquinaria para su fondeo y recogida, y dificulta y encarece dichas operaciones.Finally, metal cages are very heavy devices, which forces the use of machinery to anchor and collect them, and makes such operations more difficult and expensive.
Por lo tanto, todavía existe la necesidad de proporcionar un dispositivo ligero y de fácil manipulación que sea capaz de emplear las capacidades filtrantes de los mejillones de una manera sencilla, eficaz y que proporcione resultados de contaminación de determinados metales traza, compuestos organoestánicos, bifenilos policlorados e hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos que son filtrados por los mejillones de una manera fiable.Therefore, there is still a need to provide a lightweight and easy-to-handle device that is capable of employing the filtering capabilities of mussels in a simple, effective manner and that provides contamination results for certain trace metals, organotin compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls. and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are reliably filtered by the mussels.
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the Invention
Con el dispositivo sumergible de la invención se consiguen resolver los inconvenientes citados, presentando otras ventajas que se describirán.With the submersible device of the invention it is possible to solve the aforementioned drawbacks, presenting other advantages that will be described.
Para superar los inconvenientes del estado de la técnica, ligados a la utilización de jaulas metálicas pesadas y ligados a la variación de condiciones entre el interior y exterior de la piña de mejillones, la presente invención propone un dispositivo sumergible de fondeo de mejillones para el análisis de la contaminación marina, que comprende:To overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art, linked to the use of heavy metal cages and linked to the variation of conditions between the interior and exterior of the pineapple of mussels, the present invention proposes a submersible device for anchoring mussels for analysis of marine pollution, which includes:
- un bastidor para sustentar mejillones,- a rack to support mussels,
que se caracteriza por el hecho de que dicho bastidor es de material plástico, y por el hecho de que el dispositivo comprende además:characterized by the fact that said frame is made of plastic material, and by the fact that the device further comprises:
- unas vendas tubulares susceptibles de almacenar mejillones en su interior sustentadas de forma amovible, en paralelo y separadas entre sí, en el bastidor, de modo que dichas vendas tubulares (2), en uso, mantienen los mejillones (3) en su interior dispuestos de forma sustancialmente alineada.- tubular bandages capable of storing mussels in their interior, removably supported, parallel and separated from each other, in the frame, so that said tubular bandages (2), in use, keep the mussels (3) arranged inside substantially aligned.
Según diversas características opcionales de la invención, combinables entre sí siempre que sea técnicamente posible:According to various optional features of the invention, combinable with each other whenever technically possible:
- el bastidor es desmontable.- the frame is removable.
- el bastidor es de material plástico tubular.- the frame is made of tubular plastic material.
- el bastidor es un marco que comprende cuatro lados unidos entre sí por medios de unión amovible. En una realización, el lado mide alrededor de 1 metro.- the frame is a frame comprising four sides joined to each other by removable connection means. In one embodiment, the side measures about 1 meter.
- el bastidor, al menos en parte, es de sección hueca y susceptible de almacenar arena o similar en su interior en la cantidad necesaria para alterar la flotabilidad según demanda. El dispositivo se sumerge entre 2 y 3 metros en las zonas de estudio de manera que cuando la sección del bastidor es hueca, ésta puede rellenarse con arena para que aumente el peso y sea más fácil sumergir el dispositivo. En una realización, el dispositivo se asegura a un muerto por el extremo inferior del bastidor y a una boya por el extremo superior del bastidor. En otra realización, el dispositivo se fija a un pantalón. - the frame, at least in part, has a hollow section and is capable of storing sand or the like in its interior in the quantity necessary to alter buoyancy on demand. The device is submerged 2 to 3 meters in the study areas so that when the frame section is hollow it can be filled with sand to increase weight and make the device easier to submerge. In one embodiment, the device is secured to a dead body at the lower end of the frame and a buoy at the upper end of the frame. In another embodiment, the device is attached to pants.
- el bastidor comprende PVC u otro material plástico.- the frame comprises PVC or other plastic material.
- el bastidor es envejecido en agua de mar antes de ser utilizado para la recogida de datos con el objetivo de asegurar que no haya desorción de compuestos químicos del PVC u otro material plástico en contacto con el agua de mar cuando se use el dispositivo en las zonas de estudio y se lleva a cabo a continuación el análisis de los contaminantes. - the rack is aged in sea water before being used for data collection in order to ensure that there is no desorption of chemical compounds from PVC or other plastic material in contact with sea water when the device is used in study areas and then the analysis of contaminants is carried out.
- las vendas tubulares son elásticas. En una realización, las vendas tubulares son mallas elásticas de algodón.- the tubular bandages are elastic. In one embodiment, the tubular bandages are elastic cotton tights.
- el bastidor sustenta al menos cuatro vendas tubulares fijadas por ambos extremos en lados confrontados del bastidor, es decir, un extremo de la venda tubular se fija a un lateral del bastidor, y el otro extremo se fija en el lateral opuesto quedando la venda tubular sustancialmente tensionada conteniendo los mejillones en su interior.- the frame supports at least four tubular bandages fixed at both ends on opposite sides of the frame, that is, one end of the tubular bandage is fixed to one side of the frame, and the other end is fixed to the opposite side, leaving the tubular bandage substantially stressed containing the mussels inside.
- las vendas tubulares presentan unas dimensiones tales que su largura permite que los extremos de las vendas puedan fijarse en dos laterales opuestos del bastidor y su anchura permite mantener alineados en una posición estable los mejillones en el interior de la venda tubular. En una realización, las vendas tubulares presentan unas dimensiones tales que pueden almacenar, en su interior, al menos 25 mejillones dispuestos de forma sustancialmente alineada.- the tubular bandages have dimensions such that their length allows the ends of the bandages to be fixed on two opposite sides of the frame and their width allows the mussels inside the tubular bandage to be aligned in a stable position. In one embodiment, the tubular bandages have dimensions such that they can store at least 25 mussels arranged in a substantially aligned manner inside them.
- el bastidor adicionalmente comprende un dispositivo electrónico tal como un termistor para la toma de datos en continuo de, por ejemplo, la temperatura, salinidad y/o presión del agua del mar.- the frame additionally comprises an electronic device such as a thermistor for the continuous data collection of, for example, the temperature, salinity and / or pressure of the sea water.
Breve descripción de las figurasBrief description of the figures
Para mejor comprensión de cuanto se ha expuesto se acompañan unos dibujos en los que, esquemáticamente y tan sólo a título de ejemplo no limitativo, se representa un caso práctico de realización.For a better understanding of what has been stated, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only by way of non-limiting example, a practical case of embodiment is represented.
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo según una realización de la invención.Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Descripción de una realización preferidaDescription of a preferred embodiment
Tal como puede apreciarse en la figura 1, la invención se refiere a un dispositivo A sumergible que comprende:As can be seen in figure 1, the invention relates to a submersible device A comprising:
- un bastidor 1 para sustentar mejillones 3, donde de acuerdo con la presente invención, el bastidor 1 es de material plástico, preferiblemente de PVC, todavía más preferiblemente un bastidor envejecido en agua de mar.- a frame 1 for supporting mussels 3, where according to the present invention, the frame 1 is made of plastic material, preferably PVC, even more preferably a frame aged in sea water.
A partir de la figura 1, puede verse que el bastidor 1 es un marco que comprende cuatro lados unidos entre sí por medios de unión amovible 11.From Figure 1, it can be seen that the frame 1 is a frame comprising four sides joined together by removable connection means 11.
El dispositivo comprende además:The device further comprises:
- vendas elásticas tubulares 2 susceptibles de almacenar mejillones 3 en su interior, donde de acuerdo con la presente invención, las extremos de las vendas tubulares están sustentados o fijados mediante una unión amovible a dos laterales opuestos del bastidor 1, quedando las vendas tubulares 2 sustancialmente tensionadas, y donde dichas vendas tubulares 2 presentan unas dimensiones tales que, en uso, permiten mantener los mejillones 3 dispuestos de forma sustancialmente alineada.- tubular elastic bandages 2 capable of storing mussels 3 inside, where according to the present invention, the ends of the tubular bandages are supported or fixed by a removable joint to two opposite sides of the frame 1, the tubular bandages 2 remaining substantially tensioned, and where said tubular bandages 2 have dimensions such that, in use, they allow the mussels 3 to be kept substantially aligned.
En la figura 1 se han representado de forma esquemática 4 vendas tubulares 2 cargadas cada una con 25 mejillones 3, de modo que cada dispositivo almacena 100 mejillones, donde los mejillones están dispuestos en el interior de la venda de forma sustancialmente alineada para la toma biológica de muestras de contaminación de metales traza, compuestos organoestánnicos, bifenilos policlorados, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos o de cualquier otro contaminante bioacumulable, como pueden ser los contaminantes microbiológicos noquímicos.In figure 1 4 tubular bandages 2 each loaded with 25 mussels 3 are schematically represented, so that each device stores 100 mussels, where the mussels are arranged inside the bandage in a substantially aligned manner for the biological collection from samples of trace metal contamination, organotin compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or any another bioaccumulative contaminant, such as non-chemical microbiological contaminants.
A modo de ejemplo, se incluye una Tabla 1 en la que se recogen los resultados obtenidos de mejillones dispuestos en determinadas zonas de estudio durante un periodo de 4 semanas y que después han sido extraídos y sometidos a un análisis químico para la determinación de la concentración de metales pesados y compuestos orgánicos y sometidos a un análisis bioquímico para la determinación de ciertos biomarcadores moleculares.As an example, a Table 1 is included in which the results obtained from mussels arranged in certain study areas during a period of 4 weeks are collected and then have been extracted and subjected to a chemical analysis to determine the concentration of heavy metals and organic compounds and subjected to a biochemical analysis for the determination of certain molecular biomarkers.
TABLA 1TABLE 1
Sitios Cu Zn Pb Phe Ant Fla Pyr Vi0 16,02 1843,86 8,81 46,8 9,1 45,5 37,9 Vil 127,95 1183,92 10,72 60,2 8,3 57,6 67,3 Vi2 100,56 1028,48 13,08 92,7 11,3 101,8 78,4 Vi3 176,86 1324,98 15,98 42,6 8,3 15,3 29,6 Vi4 35,35 1131,66 12,33 79,2 9,4 71,3 57,2 Vi5 31,39 1057,67 14,35 79,9 11,6 60,5 32,9 Pa0 34,79 839,77 16,45 47,3 9,2 11,2 18,5 Pal 34,84 732,34 21,98 74,9 8,9 53,5 57,6 Pa2 40,35 972,60 22,79 95,3 9,7 103,7 132,3 Pa3 48,23 1050,64 17,40 74,1 11,5 115,4 88,9 Pa4 33,86 762,50 28,10 59,2 9,6 140,5 108,1 Pa5 28,76 657,70 25,25 59,4 9,8 90,0 69,3 Sites Cu Zn Pb Phe Ant Fla Pyr Vi0 16.02 1843.86 8.81 46.8 9.1 45.5 37.9 Vil 127.95 1183.92 10.72 60.2 8.3 57.6 67 , 3 Vi2 100.56 1028.48 13.08 92.7 11.3 101.8 78.4 Vi3 176.86 1324.98 15.98 42.6 8.3 15.3 29.6 Vi4 35.35 1,131.66 12.33 79.2 9.4 71.3 57.2 Vi5 31.39 1,057.67 14.35 79.9 11.6 60.5 32.9 Pa0 34.79 839.77 16.45 47.3 9.2 11.2 18.5 Pal 34.84 732.34 21.98 74.9 8.9 53.5 57.6 Pa2 40.35 972.60 22.79 95.3 9.7 103.7 132.3 Pa3 48.23 1050.64 17.40 74.1 11.5 115.4 88.9 Pa4 33.86 762.50 28.10 59.2 9.6 140.5 108.1 Pa5 28.76 657.70 25.25 59.4 9.8 90.0 69.3
TABLA 1 (continuación)TABLE 1 (continued)
Sitios B[a]A Cry B[a]P B[ghi]P GST GPx AChE Vi0 14,9 15,5 9,6 14,0 59,3 5,3 12,9 Vi1 54,8 69,6 9,4 15,0 79,8 6,2 7,1 Vi2 61,3 80,5 20,7 36,6 94,0 7,3 5,9 Vi3 38,0 21,7 8,3 14,2 75,5 7,8 11,4 Vi4 21,6 19,5 11,8 15,6 56,2 3,1 5,2 Vi5 17,9 18,5 8,2 15,0 79,6 4,5 9,8 Pa0 17,0 11,5 8,5 11,8 35,6 3,6 13,1 Pa1 214,4 32,5 12,7 16,8 54,2 3,3 14,9 Pa2 194,8 59,2 18,0 19,2 54,3 2,9 8,7 Pa3 424,3 53,0 20,8 19,9 54,1 6,2 13,5 Pa4 479,4 55,1 18,7 19,9 61,6 7,2 11,8 Pa5 735,9 44,0 18,6 18,2 47,6 5,1 13,1 Sites B [a] A Cry B [a] PB [ghi] P GST GPx AChE Vi0 14.9 15.5 9.6 14.0 59.3 5.3 12.9 Vi1 54.8 69.6 9, 4 15.0 79.8 6.2 7.1 Vi2 61.3 80.5 20.7 36.6 94.0 7.3 5.9 Vi3 38.0 21.7 8.3 14.2 75, 5 7.8 11.4 Vi4 21.6 19.5 11.8 15.6 56.2 3.1 5.2 Vi5 17.9 18.5 8.2 15.0 79.6 4.5 9, 8 Pa0 17.0 11.5 8.5 11.8 35.6 3.6 13.1 Pa1 214.4 32.5 12.7 16.8 54.2 3.3 14.9 Pa2 194.8 59 , 2 18.0 19.2 54.3 2.9 8.7 Pa3 424.3 53.0 20.8 19.9 54.1 6.2 13.5 Pa4 479.4 55.1 18.7 19 , 9 61.6 7.2 11.8 Pa5 735.9 44.0 18.6 18.2 47.6 5.1 13.1
En la primera columna se representan los puntos de muestreo, 5 puntos en el Puerto de Vigo (Vi0, Vil, Vi2, Vi3, Vi4 y Vi5) y 5 puntos en el Puerto de Pasaia (PaO, Pal, Pa2, Pa3, Pa4 y Pa5) The first column represents the sampling points, 5 points in the Port of Vigo (Vi0, Vil, Vi2, Vi3, Vi4 and Vi5) and 5 points in the Port of Pasaia (PaO, Pal, Pa2, Pa3, Pa4 and Pa5)
Las concentraciones de los metales Cu, Zny Pbestán expresadas en pg.g-1 peso seco.The concentrations of the Cu, Zny and Pb metals are expressed in pg.g-1 dry weight.
Las concentraciones de los compuestos orgánicos Fenantreno (Phe), Antraceno (Ant), Fluoranteno (Fia), Pireno (Pyr), Benzo[a]antraceno (B[a]A), Criseno (Cry), Benzo[a]pireno (B[a]P), Benzo[g,h,i] perileno (B[ghi]P) están expresadas en ng.g-1 peso seco. Los análisis fueron realizados por duplicado. Concentrations of organic compounds Phenanthrene (Phe), Anthracene (Ant), Fluororanthene (Fia), Pyrene (Pyr), Benzo [a] anthracene (B [a] A), Chrysene (Cry), Benzo [a] pyrene ( B [a] P), Benzo [g, h, i] perylene (B [ghi] P) are expressed in ng.g-1 dry weight. The analyzes were performed in duplicate.
Las tres últimas columnas de la Tabla muestran las medidas de los siguientes biomarcadores enzimáticos en branquias de mejillón GST (Glutatión S-Transferasa), GPx (Glutatión peroxidasa) y AChE (Acetilcolinesterasa) y están expresados en nmol.min-1.mg-1 de proteína. The last three columns of the Table show the measurements of the following enzymatic biomarkers in mussel gills GST (Glutathione S-Transferase), GPx (Glutathione peroxidase) and AChE (Acetylcholinesterase) and are expressed in nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein.
A pesar de que se ha hecho referencia a una realización concreta de la invención, es evidente para un experto en la materia que el dispositivo sumergible descrito es susceptible de numerosas variaciones y modificaciones, y que todos los detalles mencionados pueden ser substituidos por otros técnicamente equivalentes como entre otras, por ejemplo, el tamaño o la forma del bastidor, sin apartarse del ámbito de protección definido por las reivindicaciones adjuntas. Although reference has been made to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is evident to a person skilled in the art that the described submersible device is susceptible of numerous variations and modifications, and that all the mentioned details can be replaced by other technically equivalent such as, for example, the size or shape of the frame, without departing from the scope of protection defined by the appended claims.
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