ES2697692A1 - MACHINE TOOL FOR MACHINING IN LONGITUDINAL HOLES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine tool for machining longitudinal holes, which comprises an axis (2) to be arranged through a longitudinal gap; fixing means for fixing the shaft (2) according to a location in the longitudinal recess; and a head (4) for carrying at least one machining tool, the head (4) being linearly displaceable by the shaft (2). The machine tool additionally comprises a carriage (5) configured to be linearly displaced along the axis (2) and arranged to linearly displace the head (4); and turning means configured to transmit a rotation to the head (4) with respect to the carriage (5) and the axis (2). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE TOOL FOR MACHINING IN LONGITUDINAL HOLES

Sector of the technique

The present invention is related to the industry dedicated to the machine tool, and more specifically to the industry dedicated to machine tools for machining being the tool of mechanized displaced through longitudinal holes.

State of the art

At present it is known the need to carry out machining tasks in longitudinal holes, said longitudinal holes being necessarily mechanized being the machining tool displaced through them.

An example of this situation occurs in naval constructions. Some boats have panels or bulkheads at one end, arranged to support them through the same elements such as engines and axles. These panels, once arranged in their location with holes defining the corresponding longitudinal gap, are crossed by a machine tool to perform machining tasks.

Currently the solution used is to arrange an axis through the longitudinal recess, said axis being arranged according to a fixed location in the longitudinal recess. Additionally, the shaft is configured to carry a head with the machining tool to be used. Also, said axis rotates with respect to a central longitudinal axis thereof, so that the machining tool that carries rotates with it to perform a positioning and / or the corresponding machining.

This solution presents a serious drawback, as it is the fact of requiring a longitudinal element, such as the shaft, which needs to be rotated to perform the positioning and / or the corresponding machining.

Most of the axis is exposed, that is, not covered, in order to enable the Machining tool moves along it to position itself as required at each moment. This problem is aggravated in spaces of reduced dimensions as the chances of an unwanted contact by operators or other elements with the axis while it is rotating increases considerably.

In view of the described disadvantage or limitation presented by the solution currently in existence, a solution is necessary that allows machining in the longitudinal holes in an efficient as well as secure manner.

Object of the invention

In order to meet this objective and solve the technical problems discussed so far, in addition to providing additional advantages that can be derived later, the present invention provides a machine tool for machining longitudinal holes comprising an axis to be arranged through of a longitudinal hollow; fixing means for fixing the shaft according to a location in the longitudinal recess; a head for carrying at least one machining tool, the head being linearly displaceable by the shaft.

The machine tool of the invention additionally comprises a carriage configured to be linearly displaced along the axis and arranged to linearly displace the head; and turning means configured to transmit a rotation to the head with respect to the carriage and the shaft. In this way, the possibility of generating damage to operators or elements close to the axis is prevented since it is kept immobile even during its use.

The turning means comprise at least one pinion, a second gear motor and a ring gear, so that the gear motor drives the pinion to rotate and the pinion meshes with the ring gear. Preferably, the pinion and the second motor-reducer are arranged in the carriage and the ring gear in the head.

According to this, the machine tool can comprise for safety at least one anchor and a cover, the cover being covering the crown gear and the anchor establishing a fixation between the carriage and the cover.

The machine tool comprises a boring unit with a cutting blade, the boring unit being arranged in the head, and / or a turning unit in which a longitudinal tool is movable for performing the machining selected between milling and drilling.

The axis is made up of sections, the assembled sections being aligned with each other. This means that it can be transported to the place required for the use of the machine tool.

In accordance with this object of portability, the fixing means comprise support beams for fixing the axis in the longitudinal recess. Preferably, the support lunettes comprise hooks for establishing a connection with the shaft, fixing bodies for establishing a joint so that the shaft is fixed according to the location in the longitudinal recess and arms for joining the hooks and the hooks. fixing bodies to each other. In this way, in addition to portability, flexibility and adaptability are provided in the fixed arrangement of the shaft in the selected longitudinal gap.

The machine tool can additionally comprise a three-dimensional feeler and a control unit, the three-dimensional feeler and the control unit being configured to jointly determine the machining to be performed.

Description of the figures

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a machine tool object of the invention arranged fixed through a longitudinal gap defined through panels or bulkheads.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an end of an axis included in the machine tool object of the invention.

Figure 3 shows a detail view of a carriage comprised in the machine tool object of the invention arranged on the axis of said machine tool.

Figure 4 shows a detail view of a head included in the machine tool object of the invention disposed next to the carriage on the axis of said machine tool.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the machine tool object of the invention.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention relates to a machine tool for machining longitudinal holes. According to this, this machine tool is especially suitable for machining in small spaces, as is for example in naval constructions. Some boats have at one end thereof bulkheads or panels (1), which are arranged to support through the same elements such as engines and axles. For this, said panels (1) have holes (1 ') arranged substantially aligned with each other so that said holes (1') define the longitudinal gap or space through which the machine tool is available.

The machine tool comprises an axis (2), which is available in the corresponding longitudinal recess, as is for example through the holes (1 '). The axis (2) comprises sections (2 ') available assembled aligned with each other so that the axis (2) has a longitudinal extension depending on the number of the sections (2') and the length of each of these ( two').

The machine tool additionally comprises fixing means for fixing the shaft (2) according to a location in the longitudinal recess. The fixing means comprise support windows (3). Specifically, there are two support lunettes (3), each of these (3) available on the axis (2) so that they establish a support or contact that serves to fix the location of the axis (2) in the longitudinal hollow . Preferably, each of said support lunettes (3) is available in correspondence with a longitudinal end of the shaft (2).

Each of the support windows (3) comprises arms (3.1), preferably three, which extend from the axis (2) distributed angularly, preferably every 120 °. Additionally, the support lunettes (3) comprise fixing bodies (3.2). As is evident in FIG. 2, these fixing bodies (3.2) are located in correspondence with free ends of the arms (3.1) and are configured to be fixed to an additional element, such as one of the panels (1). ), through contact.

The fixing bodies (3.2) can be fixed by welding to said additional element in order to ensure the corresponding fixing. The fixing bodies (3.2) are configured in each case according to the additional element to which they must be fixed.

Likewise, these fixing bodies (3.2) are removably attached to the arms (3.1), that is to say, once the machining work is completed the arms (3.1) are removable, and only the fixing bodies (3.2) are kept fixed. This removable connection of the fixing bodies (3.2) in the arms (3.1) is given by two threaded elements (3.1 ') which are screwed into said fixing bodies (3.2) being inserted in the arms (3.1), the elements being threaded (3.1 ') arranged according to directions perpendicular to each other. This provides a flexibility when positioning the fixing bodies (3.2) with respect to the additional element to which they are to be fixed so that the positioning of the shaft (2) is maintained unaltered.

The machine tool comprises a head (4), which can be mounted on the shaft (2). The head (4) is configured to be linearly displaced along said axis (2). For this, the machine tool additionally comprises a carriage (5) on which the head (4) is mounted. In this way, both the head (4) and the carriage (5) are arranged crossed by the shaft (2) to be jointly displaceable by the shaft (2) according to its longitudinal extension.

Thus, the carriage (5) can be mounted on the shaft (2) and is configured to move linearly along the axis (2) by dragging the head (4). For this, the carriage (5) comprises a gear (5.1) and a first motor-reducer (5.2), preferably electric.

The first motor-reducer (5.2) actuates the gear wheel (5.1) so that it rotates, while said gear wheel (5.1) is arranged geared in a rack (2.1) comprised in the shaft (2), which it is extended longitudinally along said axis (2). In this way, the carriage (5), and consequently the head (4), is moved longitudinally along the axis (2). The sprocket (5.1), the first motor-reducer (5.2) and the rack (2.1) are arranged so that the rack (2.1) rests on the gear (5.1), as can be seen in figure 3, to ensure efficient gearing between the two.

In order to provide a stable linear displacement of the carriage (5) along the axis (2), the carriage (5) comprises runners (5.3) at the same time that the shaft (2) comprises guides (2.2). The runners (5.3) and the guides (2.2) are distributed radially, the runners (5.3) on the trolley (5) and the guides (2.2) on the spindle (2). The guides (2.2) are longitudinally extended along said axis (2), ie along each of the sections (2 '), which are assembled aligned with each other so that the guides (2.2) they are also aligned with each other.

The runners (5.3) are arranged in the guides (2.2) so that a guide is established in the movement of the carriage (5) along the axis (2). Likewise, the guides (2.2), preferably three distributed angularly every 120 °, additionally contribute to supporting a weight consequence of the connection established between the carriage (5) and the axis (2), this weight being distributed among at least two of the guides (2.2).

Likewise, the guides (2.2) act as points to arrange the support lunettes (3) in the axis (2). For this, the support lunettes (3), meanwhile, additionally comprise hooks (3.3) that receive the guides (2.2) so that they are positionable along the axes (2). The hooks (3.3) are located attached to the arms (3.1) at an opposite end to the location of the fixing bodies (3.2).

The machine tool comprises turning means configured to transmit a rotation to the head (4) so that it rotates with respect to the carriage (5) and the shaft (2). The turning means preferably comprise at least one pinion (6) and a second gear reducer (7), and more preferably at least two of each, in addition to a gear (8). Each of the second motor-reducers (7), which are preferably electric, drives one of the pinions (6) so that they rotate in mesh with the ring gear (8).

Preferably, the pinions (6) and the second motor-reducers (7) are arranged fixed to the carriage (5), while the ring gear (8) is fixed in the head (4). Also, preferably each set formed by one of the pinions (6) and one of the second motor-reducers (7) extend parallel to the axis (2) so that the cross section of the carriage (5) is minimized in order to facilitate its displacement by spaces of reduced dimensions.

The axis (2) is arranged for machining through, in addition to the carriage (5) and the head (4), the gear (8). In FIG. 4, the two pinions (6), the two second motor-reducers (7) and the toothed ring gear (8) are appreciable according to the arrangement described.

According to the aforementioned, the head (4) is arranged mounted around a longitudinal portion of the carriage (5). In order to contribute to enable the relative rotation of the head (4) with respect to the carriage (5), the machine tool comprises one or more bearings, not shown in the figures for reasons of clarity, arranged between the carriage (5) and the head (4). Preferably, the bearings are conical, precision and high load bearings, in addition to allowing said relative rotation to support the loads generated during machining.

Preferably, the machine tool additionally comprises at least one cover (9) for covering the pinions (6) and the ring gear (8). Said cover (9) on the one hand prevents possible contacts with the pinions (6) and the ring gear (8) by operators and on the other hand protects said pinions (6) and said crown (8) against, for example, a possible deposit of chips resulting from the machining carried out by the machine tool. The machine tool additionally comprises anchors (10) to removably fix the cover (9) to the carriage (5).

To perform machining, the machine tool can carry one or several machining tools. In this way, the machine tool comprises a boring unit (11) in which there is disposed a cutting blade (11 ') and at least one turning unit (12) in which a longitudinal tool (12.1) is movable. such as a drill or a drill. Both the boring unit (11) and the turning unit (12) are available separately to the head (4), although the boring unit (11) is directly arranged in contact with the head (4). turning unit (12) is arranged in contact with the head (4) through an extendable unit (13).

The boring unit (11) is arranged fixed in the head (4) so that they rotate together. This allows machining by material removal through the cutting blade (11 '). The cutting blade (11 ') is arranged in such a way that it starts the material on surfaces or contours arranged parallel to the axis (2), which allows to define the finish and the dimensions of the holes (1').

The turning unit (12) is arranged, as is the longitudinal tool (12.1), parallel to the axis (2) so that milling and drilling operations are possible on surfaces or contours arranged perpendicular to the axis (2). That is to say, they allow preparing the surface to carry out later fixations of elements, besides making holes to establish said fixations. Additionally, the turning unit (12) comprises a first electric servomotor (12.2) for driving the longitudinal tool (12.1).

The expandable unit (13) is arranged fixed in the head (4) so that they rotate together. This extensible unit (13) comprises a linear positioning carriage (13.1) with a ball screw, which includes a nut, said carriage (13.1) being driven by a second electric servomotor (13.2) to apply precision in the displacement of the turning unit (12). Additionally, the extensible unit (13) comprises rails (13.3), preferably two, for the stable guidance of said rotation unit (12) in its displacements.

Optionally, the turning units (12) can be two, so that the corresponding machining operations are expedited. These turning units (12) can be arranged in contact with the head (4) through the extendable unit (13) and having its own electric servomotor for its actuation.

The machine tool comprises a three-dimensional feeler, not shown in the figures. The three-dimensional probe has a rod configured to be deflected when it reaches the surface of the part or the panel (1). In response to the deflection, the three-dimensional probe generates a trigger signal, depending on the deflections, which is transmitted to a control unit included in the machine tool.

Measurements of the position and geometry of the pieces or panels (1) can be carried out using the three-dimensional probe. These measurements can be made before, during and after the machining operations that can be carried out by the machine tool, such as boring, drilling and milling. In this way, the three-dimensional probe and the control unit allow to determine and perform machining or computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) using the numerical control (NC), ie software applications that allow to create detailed instructions that lead to the tools from numerical control unit (CNC), to the manufacture of parts.

The machine tool comprises a cabinet, not shown in the figures, from which part the electrical wiring necessary for the energy required for the operation of the machine tool. Said cabinet is removably positioned with respect to the head (4) and the carriage (5) so that it is maintainable at a safe distance, although the cabinet may include a tubular structure to protect it from possible unwanted impacts.

The machine tool comprises a cooling system, the cooling system being of the type commonly referred to as MQL (Minimal Quantity Lubrication). By means of this cooling system, a correct temperature of the cutting blade (11 ') is ensured during its use with a minimum amount of liquid. By means of said cooling system less heat is produced, tools such as the cutting blade (11 ') last longer and the machining time is reduced.

According to this, the machine tool produces the MQL in the form of an aerosol, for which it has means that supply compressed air at a pressure preferably between 5 and 8 bar, and more preferably 6 bar.

Also, the machine tool includes long-life grease pads to lubricate the contact between the runners (5.3) and the guides (2.2), in addition to grease arranged for lubrication of the bearings arranged between the carriage (5) and the head (4). ).

The machine tool of the invention is portable, which allows machining according to the location or location required. According to what has been described, the shaft (2) is transportable according to the said sections (2 ') for assembly at the machining location, such as one end of a vessel. Likewise, the machine tool has the fixing means that allow its arrangement in said location and both the carriage (5) and the head (4) are units that are traversable by the shaft (2) once it is assembled.

Claims (10)

1. - Machine tool for machining longitudinal holes, comprising: - an axis (2) to be arranged through a longitudinal recess; - fixing means for fixing the shaft (2) according to a location in the longitudinal recess; - a head (4) for carrying at least one machining tool, the head (4) being linearly displaceable by the shaft (2); characterized in that additionally it comprises: - a carriage (5) configured to be linearly displaced along the axis (2) and arranged to linearly displace the head (4); Y - turning means configured to transmit a rotation to the head (4) with respect to the carriage (5) and the axis (2). 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the turning means comprise at least one pinion (6), a second motor-reducer (7) and a gear (8), so that the motor-reducer (7). ) actuates the pinion (6) to rotate and the pinion (6) meshes with the ring gear (8). 3. - Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the pinion (6) and the second gearmotor (7) are arranged in the carriage (5) and the ring gear (8) in the head (4). 4. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that additionally comprises at least one anchor (10) and a cover (4), the cover (4) covering the ring gear (8) and the anchor (10) establishing a fixation between the carriage (5) and the cover (4). 5. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that additionally comprises a boring unit (11) with a cutting blade (11 '), the boring unit (11) being arranged in the head (4). 6. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a turning unit (12) in which a longitudinal tool (12.1) can be placed to carry out the machining selected between milling and drilling. 7. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft (2) is composed of sections (2 '), the assembled sections (2') being aligned with each other. 8. - Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing means comprise support lenses (3) for fixing the shaft (2) in the longitudinal recess. 9. Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the support windows (3) comprise hooks (3.3) to establish a connection with the shaft (2), fixing bodies (3.2) to establish a connection so that the shaft (2) is fixed according to the location in the longitudinal recess and some arms (3.1) to join the hooks (3.3) and the fixing bodies (3.2) to each other. 10. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises a three-dimensional feeler and a control unit, the three-dimensional feeler and the control unit being configured to jointly determine the machining to be performed.