ES2695524A1 - PORTABLE SYSTEM FOR THE RECHARGING OF VEHICLES ELECTRICAL (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Portable system for recharging batteries of electric vehicles in an emergency situation in a fast and continuous way that includes an internal battery module, a recharge socket, a start button for charging and a stop button for recharging , and which follows the reference of current through the standard implemented in the vehicle itself, which also comprises internally of an internal battery charger in connection with a fast charge module formed by a plurality of power modules synchronized with each other and where these Power modules are grouped in parallel in three-phase blocks, in which the vehicle's battery is connected to the fast charge module, and where a control module is available which, in contact with the vehicle, manages the operation of the module. fast charge. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

PORTABLE SYSTEM FOR THE RECHARGE OF VEHICLES

ELECTRIC

Portable system for recharging electric vehicles.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a portable system for the rapid recharging in continuous of batteries of electric vehicles in an emergency situation, which provides said vehicles with the energy necessary to leave the emergency situation and go to a fixed recharging point nearby .

The field of application of the present invention is the automotive sector, more specifically the electric vehicle sector, and specifically is intended for electrical-electronic systems related to the accumulation and recharging of electric power.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is notorious that the irruption in the electric vehicle market is an unstoppable fact motivated by environmental as well as economic reasons. One of the main concerns of the driver of an electric vehicle is to run out of battery, which leads irremediably to said driver to an emergency situation in which it becomes necessary the intervention of a rescue unit where the vehicle is towed to the point of closest recharge.

In this sense, the current electric vehicles have two sockets to recharge the batteries, one alternate and one continuous.

On the one hand, the AC socket, which is usually used by the well-known standard connectors SAE J1772 or IEC 62196-2, makes use of the battery charger itself, which has limited power depending on the model of electric vehicle in question, maximum power in the environment of 7 kW.

On the other hand, the continuous outlet uses a charger external to the electric vehicle allowing power levels for its load much higher and, consequently, shorter recharge times. The chargers that work with this DC jack have a dialogue with the control system of the car's electric vehicle batteries so that the appropriate current levels for battery recharging are provided at all times. In the market there are different communication standards between electric vehicle and external charger for this continuous recharge, among which is known as CHAdeMO or "load to move", the CCS and the Tesla Supercharger. As an example, a vehicle that incorporates a DC load socket following the CHAdeMO standard would allow load levels of up to 50 kW.

In this sense, registers of centralized load units are known which allow the selection by the user of various protocols, such as for SAE type connectors or CHAdeMO protocols, for example being disclosed in document US20140266042.

It is also known in the sector the existence of products that allow an emergency recharge using the AC socket, for example, a classic uninterrupted power supply system. In these cases, the power levels and the recharge time depend on the maximum power of the internal charger of the electric vehicle itself.

The present invention is based on the recharging of the vehicle by means of a portable external electronic charger, which makes use of the DC jack and follows the current references provided by the vehicle itself, allowing deliver power levels much higher than those of the internal charger of the electric vehicle. Additionally, the system of the present invention incorporates internal batteries capable of providing the energy necessary for the partial recharging of the battery of the electric vehicle in an emergency situation and allows the rescue intervention in an autonomous manner. And finally, the invention presents an electronic recharging device intended for this type of vehicle.

Taking into account the existing background in the state of the art, the present invention introduces a solution that by means of a portable system comprising an external charger, allows the rapid recharge in continuous of batteries of electric vehicles in an emergency situation, and allows to contribute levels of power much higher than those of the internal charger of the electric vehicle.

To give an indicative idea of the energy levels and size for the system of the present invention, the estimated consumption of an electric vehicle varies depending on the weight and performance of the same between about 14 kWh / 100 km and about 20 kWh / 100 km, with which a contribution of partial energy of about 3 KWh allows an autonomy exceeding 15 km allowing the vehicle to exit by its own means of emergency. In turn, to give also an idea of the size of the necessary batteries, a current electric vehicle includes batteries with energy storage capacity greater than 30 kWh, with which a battery as indicated by way of example, with about 3 kWh represents less than 10% of the battery of a current vehicle, both in weight and in volume, which allows the portable system of the present invention to be a reasonable improvement in this technical field.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention consists in a portable system for the rapid recharge in continuous of batteries of electric vehicles in an emergency situation, with which Electric power is provided through a charging connector in continuous to the electric vehicle in a very fast way. Therefore, the invention is based on the problem that a conventional electric vehicle is in an emergency situation due to the fact that its battery is discharged, and thanks to the system described below, the vehicle receives a contribution of energy that enables it to have enough autonomy to get out of that undesirable situation.

In this sense, the portable system recharges the battery of said vehicle, and said system consists of batteries that are recharged, a socket for quick recharging of the batteries of the vehicle in an emergency situation, a button to start charging and a button Stop the load.

As has just been advanced, the portable system comprises of an internal module of batteries that can be powered by an internal battery charger. The invention has the peculiarity that the batteries of the system are always charged waiting for the actuation in the emergency situation to require said stored energy. The recharging of the internal module of batteries, using the internal battery charger, can be done from the electrical network itself or from renewable energy systems.

Additionally, a fast charging module is available that allows the recharging of the batteries of the vehicle from the internal battery module, thus being said fast charging module one of the main elements of the system. This fast charging module is internally constituted by a plurality of power modules that work in parallel following the current reference supplied by a control module of the portable system, and which distributes the power supplied between them.

Said control module is responsible for connecting and dialoguing with the electric vehicle in an emergency situation according to the standard that has been implemented, and is in charge of receiving and managing current references which are distributed between each of the power modules.

At this point it is worth commenting again on what has been previously said, the energy stored in the internal battery module does not intend to fully recharge the batteries of the electric vehicle in an emergency situation, but rather to provide sufficient autonomy to allow the vehicle to come by own means to the nearest recharge point, having previously given an orientation of energy levels of 3 kWh, which can be supplied in a matter of minutes, allow autonomy of 15 km. To do this, the fast charge module operates in continuous and is able to supply high power levels, for example 50 kW, and follows the current reference that the vehicle provides through the standard implemented, for example, through a bus CAN in the CHAdeMO standard.

Going into greater detail, the module of fast charge of the portable system has a modular constitution, constituted by blocks in which the power modules are preferably presented in a multiple number of three, and where the necessary power is distributed among the modules implemented . In this sense, if there are 3 blocks, you need nine power modules, and therefore the total power is divided between each of these blocks requiring a power for each of them of 50/9 kW. The block or set of 3 power modules is called as a three-phase block. In this sense, each of the power modules works at fixed switching frequencies as high as possible, to allow the miniaturization of the whole.

In the following, a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and which are expressly related to a non-limiting practical embodiment of the presented invention is described very briefly.

Figure 1 illustrates a scheme of the portable recharge system in continuous for electric vehicles (1), which are in an emergency situation with its battery (2) discharged. In this figure it can be seen that the portable system consists of an internal module of batteries (3), a recharge socket (4) for recharging the vehicle's batteries (1), a start button (5) for the charge and a stop button (6) of the recharge.

Figure 2 shows schematically the internal configuration of the portable system, consisting of an internal battery module (3), an internal battery charger (8), a fast charge module (9), all interrelated, and where it is observed how the battery (2) of the vehicle is in connection with the fast charging module (9), and where in turn the disposition of a control module (7) whose function is to manage and be in contact with the vehicle (1) and manage the operation of the fast charge module (9). In this figure it is also observed how the rapid charge module (9) is formed by a plurality of power modules (91), where these power modules are grouped in parallel in three-phase blocks (92).

Figure 3 represents an internal diagram of a power module (91), and it describes an implementation of each of these modules based on a complete bridge electronic inverter consisting of four power transistors (T1_H, T1_L, T2_H , T2_L) that allow controlling the output current of each module by the phase shift between the two branches of the electronic bridge inverter, the branch 1 being constituted by T1_H and T1_L, and branch 2 being constituted by T2_H and T2_L. The output of the electronic inverter is coupled to a transformer (93) by means of a series resonant circuit (Lr, Cr) which allows a smooth evolution of the module currents, reduces switching losses and electromagnetic interferences, and facilitates the increase of the frequency of switching of each module and the consequent miniaturization thereof. The transformer (93) provides galvanic isolation between the input and output, and the safe operation of the portable system operator. The output of the transformer (93) is rectified by a complete bridge D1, D2, D3 and D4. Finally, input capacitors (94) and output capacitors (95) are common in all power modules (91), and their size and value is reduced and facilitated by the interleaving of converters, which is explained below.

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a three-phase block (92) formed by three power modules (91). As explained above, preferably the power modules (91) are grouped in threes, giving rise to a three-phase block (92). In turn, a fast charging module (9) is constituted by a plurality of three-phase blocks (92), the fast charging module (9) being responsible for connecting with the battery (2) of the electric vehicle (1). Returning to the figure, each of the three power modules (91) is offset 120 ° from each other, and in turn each three-phase block (92) is offset 60 ° / n with the three-phase block (92) above, being "n "The total number of three-phase blocks (92) of the fast loading module (9).

In this figure 4 a single three phase block (92.1) is represented constituted by three power modules (91.1.1, 91.1.2., 91.1.3.); however, by way of example, a load module (9) could be constituted by three three-phase blocks (92), that is "n" = 3, with which there would be a total of nine load modules (91), and in In this case, the phase shifts would be as follows:

• First three-phase block (92.1)

o Power module first (91.1.1) offset 0 °

o Second power module (91.1.2) phase shift 120 °

o Third power module (91.1.3) phase shift 240 °

• Second three-phase block (92.2)

o Power module first (91.2.1.) phase shift 20 °

o Module of power second (91.2.2.) phase 140 °

o Third power module (91.2.3.) phase shift 260 °

• Third three-phase block (92.3)

o Power module first (91.3.1.) phase shift 40 °

o Module of power second (91.3.2.) phase 160 °

o Third power module (91.3.3.) phase shift 280 °

This interleaving strategy allows all the power modules (91) to be synchronized and the curling of the input and output current of the assembly to be very small allowing the use of small size filter capacitors, both for the input capacitor (94) and as for the output capacitor (95). All the power modules (91) are regulated and supervised by the control module (7), that is, the battery charging current demanded by an electric vehicle (1) is distributed between each of the power modules (91). ) of all the three-phase blocks (92) that make up the fast loading module (9) of the invention.

Figures 5 and 6 represent an example that graphically illustrates a system operation. Specifically, it is developed for a module of rapid charge (9) formed by two three-phase blocks (92), that is "n" = 2, which charges a battery (2) of an electric vehicle (1) in an emergency situation that demands a current of "X" A (where X is any value) on a DC bus of "Y" V (where Y is any value), where this current enters each of the six power modules ([91.1 .1., 91.1.2, 91.1.3] and [91.2.1., 91.2.2., 91.2.3)] of the two three-phase blocks, which provide an average current of "X / 6" A to satisfy The total demand of "X" A. In particular, Figure 5 shows a detail of the input current of each of the power modules (91) and a detail of the input of the current in the fast recharge module ( 9) before filtering; and Figure 6 shows a detail of the output current of each of the power modules (91) and a detail of the total output current of the fast recharge module (9) before filtering.

It can also be highlighted at this point, and taking into account the graphs of the previous figures that if the number of the three-phase blocks (92) is increased, the power reduction of each power module (91) and Therefore, an increase in the switching frequency is obtained and the miniaturization capacity of the assembly is increased.

Detailed description of a realization of the invention

Taking into account the previous description, and in particular taking into account the set of drawings described above, a solution is presented in which a portable recharge system is available in continuous for electric vehicles (1) that are in a situation of emergency with its battery (2) of an internal module of batteries (3), a recharge socket (4) for the recharging of the batteries of the vehicle (1), a start button (5) of the load and a button of stop (6) of the recharge, in which there is internally a module of fast charge (9) in continuous for a maximum recharge power of 8.6 kW, in which said module of fast charge (9) is constituted by 6 power modules (91) grouped in 2 three-phase blocks (92), having also internal control module (7) that being operated by the previous buttons, manages and interrelates the portable system with the vehicle (1).

For the internal module of batteries (3) therefore 6 standard modules of lithium batteries with 24 V nominal voltage and a capacity of 30 Ah are used. These 6 modules are placed in series to provide a nominal output voltage of 144 V. The energy stored in the set of 6 battery modules at 80% utilization of its discharge depth is 3.4 kWh. The internal battery charger (8) is constituted by a charging medium of standard lithium batteries from the electric network itself.

With these premises, a preferred embodiment of the invention implies that the internal module of batteries (3) provides an output current of 60 A, that is, discharge at discharge levels of 2 times the capacity of the battery for a discharge time about 30 minutes.

The power delivered to the vehicle during the recharge is 8.6 kW, which represents a power of 1.44 kW for each of the 6 power modules (91) implemented in the device. The switching frequency indicated for each of the power modules (91) is 100 kHz and the values of the internal components used are: Lr = 17 pH, Cr = 150 nF, N1 = 10 and N2 = 55, all of this according to the nomenclature of the previous figure 3.

In this sense, each power module (91) provides the input an average current of 10 A, which makes a total of 60 A. If we see the graph of Figure 5, you can see a detail of the currents demanded the battery for each power module (91) and the set of the total current of the 6 power modules (91), where a smoothing effect of the interleaving technique of converters used is observed. An input capacitor (94) of 68 pF is sufficient to obtain a current ripple of less than 5% of the batteries.

In the same way, the converter is verified on its output on a 420 V battery. Each power module (91) provides in these conditions an output current of 3.4 A making a total of 20 A. As shown in the Figure 6, you can see a detail of the currents delivered to the battery of the electric vehicle for each power module (91) and the set of the total current of the 6 power modules (91), where the smoothing effect is observed of the interleaving technique of the converters. An output capacitor (95) of 10 pF is sufficient to obtain a current ripple of less than 50% of the batteries.

The rapid charge module (9) that is defined in the present preferred embodiment of the invention allows the charging of batteries of an electric vehicle in a very flexible range of tension, being verified the correct operation between the 350 V and the 500 V of tension of exit. It can also be pointed out that increasing the number of the three-phase blocks (92) allows the reduction of power of each power module (91) and the consequent increase in the switching frequency, increasing the miniaturization capacity of the assembly.

Claims (5)

1. - Portable system for recharging batteries of electric vehicles in emergency situation with its battery (2) discharged in a fast and continuous, which is a device that includes an internal module of batteries (3), a socket recharge (4) for recharging the vehicle's batteries (1), a start button (5) for the charge and a stop button (6) for the recharge, and following the current reference through the standard implemented in the vehicle itself (1), and which is characterized in that internally has an internal battery charger (8) in connection with a module of rapid charge (9) consisting of a plurality of power modules (91) synchronized with each other and where these power modules (91) are grouped in parallel in three-phase blocks (92), in which the battery (2) of the vehicle (1) remains in connection with the rapid charge module (9), and where it is available a control module (7) that being in contact with the vehicle (1) manages the function of the fast loading module (9). 2. - Portable system for recharging batteries of electric vehicles, according to claim 1, characterized in that each three-phase block (92) is formed by three power modules (91). 3. - Portable system for recharging batteries of electric vehicles, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the three power modules (91) is offset 120 ° from each other, and in turn each three-phase block (92) it is out of phase 60 ° / n with the three-phase block (92) above, where "n" is the total number of three-phase blocks (92) of the fast charge module (9). 4. - Portable system for recharging batteries of electric vehicles, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that each power module (91) is implemented based on an electronic inverter consisting of: - four power transistors (T1_H, T1_L, T2_H, T2_L) that allow to control the output current of each module by the phase shift between two branches of the electronic inverter, - in which the output of the electronic inverter is coupled to a transformer (93) by means of a series resonant circuit (Lr, Cr), and in which the transformer (93) provides galvanic isolation between the input, the output and the safe operation of the operator of the portable system; - in which the output of the transformer (93) is rectified by a complete bridge D1, D2, D3 and D4; - and in which there are input capacitors (94) and output capacitors (95) that are common to all power modules (91). 5. Portable system for recharging batteries of electric vehicles, according to claim 4, characterized in that the input capacitors (94) and the output capacitors (95) are small size filter capacitors.