ES2692884B1 - Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms - Google Patents
Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms Download PDFInfo
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- ES2692884B1 ES2692884B1 ES201700169A ES201700169A ES2692884B1 ES 2692884 B1 ES2692884 B1 ES 2692884B1 ES 201700169 A ES201700169 A ES 201700169A ES 201700169 A ES201700169 A ES 201700169A ES 2692884 B1 ES2692884 B1 ES 2692884B1
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- membranes
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- perforations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Sistema y procedimiento de filtrado a nivel de partículas, nanopartículas, moléculas y átomos.Filtering system and procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms.
Campo de la invenciónField of the Invention
En la desalación del agua del mar, depuración de aguas contaminadas, separación de virus y bacterias, alimentación de los motores de explosión, y en la obtención de los elementos componentes del aire y del agua del mar.In the desalination of seawater, purification of contaminated water, separation of viruses and bacteria, feeding of explosion engines, and in obtaining the components of air and seawater.
Estado de la técnicaState of the art
El sistema más avanzado actualmente para la separación de gases, líquidos, etc., utiliza una o más capas de grafeno a las que se les realizan artificialmente múltiples poros o perforaciones. El sistema tiene cierta dificultad y aún no se ha extendido su uso por las limitaciones que tiene. Con la presente invención se solucionan dichos problemas aportando unos tamices filtradores de fácil y económica fabricación que permite todo tipo de filtrados.The most advanced system currently for the separation of gases, liquids, etc., uses one or more layers of graphene to which multiple pores or perforations are artificially made. The system has some difficulty and its use has not yet been extended due to the limitations it has. With the present invention, said problems are solved by providing filter sieves of easy and economical manufacture that allow all types of filtration.
Objetivo de la invención y ventajasObject of the invention and advantages
Aportar un sistema de filtrado sencillo, muy útil y fácil de aplicar para la separación de los elementos del aire, agua del mar y aguas contaminadas.Provide a simple filtering system, very useful and easy to apply for the separation of air elements, sea water and contaminated water.
Poder reducir de forma sencilla el aporte de nitrógeno a los motores.To be able to reduce in a simple way the contribution of nitrogen to the engines.
Aplicar una mayor proporción de oxígeno a las viviendas y a los pacientes con problemas neumológicos.Apply a higher proportion of oxygen to homes and to patients with pneumological problems.
Proporcionar una gran y rápida permeabilidad ya que el tamiz solo necesita muy pocas capas de átomos o moléculas filtradoras. Por ello el sistema separador necesita poca energía, es muy ecológico o interviene en procesos muy ecológicos.Provide great and rapid permeability since the sieve only needs very few layers of atoms or filter molecules. Therefore, the separating system needs little energy, is very ecological or intervenes in very ecological processes.
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention
El sistema y procedimiento de filtrado a nivel de partículas, nanopartículas, moléculas y átomos consiste en realizar filtrados mediante unas membranas o tamices filtradores, con un grosor de entre 0.5 y 500 nm aproximadamente, formados por una o varias capas de átomos, y a las que se les efectúan múltiples poros o perforaciones, realizadas dichas membranas entre otras: a) Por deposición electrolítica. Mediante una corriente eléctrica se va depositando el metal, b) Por deposición química. Una reacción química hace que el metal se reduzca y se deposite, c) Por metalizado al vacío y d) Por electrospray. Los poros o perforaciones se realizan con rayo láser continuo o de destellos ultracortos. También se puede usar luz UV de longitud de onda de 185 nm y 254 nm utilizada contra las bacterias, logrando múltiples poros de un diámetro inferior al nanómetro, pudiendo graduar el diámetro del poro, según el gas o moléculas que deseamos separar. El diámetro del poro será algo menor que el átomo o molécula de gas o elemento que deseamos rechazar. La luz ultravioleta produce una perforación oxidativa, que crea el tamiz molecular. En este último caso es indispensable crear el tamiz molecular en dos dimensiones. Las membranas tendrán preferentemente de 10 a 20 nm de grosor. Y se utilizará preferentemente material cristalizado en dos dimensiones.The filtering system and procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms consists in filtering by means of filter membranes or sieves, with a thickness of between 0.5 and 500 nm approximately, formed by one or several layers of atoms, and to which multiple pores or perforations are made, said membranes made among others: a) By electrolytic deposition. Through an electric current the metal is deposited, b) By chemical deposition. A chemical reaction causes the metal to reduce and deposit, c) By vacuum metallizing and d) By electrospray. The pores or perforations are made with continuous laser beam or ultra-short flash. You can also use UV light of wavelength of 185 nm and 254 nm used against bacteria, achieving multiple pores of a diameter smaller than the nanometer, being able to graduate the pore diameter, according to the gas or molecules that we want to separate. The diameter of the pore will be somewhat smaller than the atom or molecule of gas or element that we wish to reject. Ultraviolet light produces an oxidative perforation, which creates the molecular sieve. In the latter case it is essential to create the molecular sieve in two dimensions. The membranes will preferably be 10 to 20 nm thick. And preferably two-dimensional crystallized material will be used.
Para producir la membrana se aplica el material por vaporización, deposición química, etc. hasta proporcionar una capa opaca homogénea y lo más fina posible. Pueden utilizarse incluso varias capas de grafeno a las que se les aplica posteriormente las múltiples perforaciones o poros mediante un rayo láser o ultravioleta. To produce the membrane, the material is applied by vaporization, chemical deposition, etc. to provide a homogeneous opaque layer and as thin as possible. Even several layers of graphene can be used to which the multiple perforations or pores are subsequently applied by means of a laser or ultraviolet beam.
Al final se obtiene un tamiz, que proporciona una gran permeabilidad, de forma sencilla, económica y con un gran abanico de posibilidades de uso.In the end a sieve is obtained, which provides great permeability, in a simple, economical way and with a wide range of possibilities of use.
Como sustrato puede usarse una lámina con varias capas de óxido de grafeno que tiene los poros mayores.As a substrate, a sheet with several layers of graphene oxide having the largest pores can be used.
Se puede añadir delante de las membranas unos prefiltros de partículas en suspensión, microalgas, microorganismos, etc.Pre-filters of suspended particles, microalgae, microorganisms, etc. can be added in front of the membranes.
La membrana se puede limpiar periódicamente invirtiendo el flujo del fluido objeto del filtrado a través de los poros.The membrane can be cleaned periodically by reversing the flow of the filtrate fluid through the pores.
Es suficiente una pequeña presión o succión para producir el filtrado.A small pressure or suction is sufficient to produce the filtrate.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
La figura 1 muestra una vista esquematizada y en alzado de una porción de membrana o tamiz de la invención usando varias capas de átomos, sobre un sustrato.Figure 1 shows a schematic and elevation view of a membrane or sieve portion of the invention using several layers of atoms, on a substrate.
La figura 2 muestra una vista esquematizada, parcial y en alzado de una porción de membrana sobre una variante de sustrato.Figure 2 shows a schematic, partial and elevational view of a membrane portion on a substrate variant.
La figura 3 muestra una vista esquematizada y parcial y en alzado de una porción de membrana o tamiz, parcialmente seccionado.Figure 3 shows a schematic and partial elevation view of a portion of membrane or sieve, partially sectioned.
La figura 4 muestra los elementos más importantes que se encuentran en el aire.Figure 4 shows the most important elements found in the air.
Descripción más detallada de la invenciónMore detailed description of the invention
La figura 1 muestra un ejemplo de una forma de realización de la invención, con una porción de membrana o tamiz filtrador (1) formado por cinco capas de átomos depositados sobre el sustrato (2) que puede ser metálico.Figure 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention, with a membrane or filter sieve portion (1) formed by five layers of atoms deposited on the substrate (2) which can be metallic.
La figura 2 muestra una porción de membrana o tamiz filtrador (1) formado por cinco capas de átomos depositados sobre el sustrato no metálico (2) al cual por no ser metálico se le ha aplicado una capa metalizada (3) con el fin de que se le pueda aplicar los sistemas de deposición en los cuales dicho sustrato debe ser conductor.Figure 2 shows a portion of membrane or filter screen (1) formed by five layers of atoms deposited on the non-metallic substrate (2) to which a metallic layer (3) has not been applied to it because it is not metallic. the deposition systems in which said substrate must be conductive can be applied.
La figura 3 muestra una porción de membrana o tamiz filtrador (1a) formado por varias capas de átomos una vez se ha eliminado el sustrato y al cual se han realizado los múltiples poros (4) para efectuar el filtrado.Figure 3 shows a portion of membrane or filter screen (1a) formed by several layers of atoms once the substrate has been removed and to which the multiple pores (4) have been made for filtering.
En todos los casos se muestran las membranas con las capas de átomos unidos de forma compacta, pero estos pueden estar más separados en especial cuando intervienen las fuerzas electrostáticas.In all cases the membranes are shown with the layers of atoms joined together in a compact way, but these can be more separated especially when the electrostatic forces intervene.
La figura 4 muestra de forma ordenada los elementos o moléculas más importantes que se encuentran en el aire, los cuales tienen un diámetro cinético entre 2.6 A y 4 A aproximadamente, en este caso se utiliza el filtro nanomolecular (1a) con poros de 3.5 A para separar entre otros el oxígeno del nitrógeno. A la derecha del filtro se encontraría la totalidad del aire atmosférico, mostrando en la figura solamente las moléculas a las cuales el filtro no deja pasar, y a la izquierda los elementos o moléculas que han logrado pasar, las cuales se podrían volver a filtrar si fuese necesario para realizar una segunda separación, se almacenarían y posteriormente se utilizarían directamente o se comprimirían en recipientes para su uso posterior. Falta el kriptón con diámetro similar al xenón. Figure 4 shows in an orderly way the most important elements or molecules found in the air, which have a kinetic diameter between 2.6 A and 4 A approximately, in this case the nanomolecular filter (1a) with pores of 3.5 A is used to separate oxygen from nitrogen among others. To the right of the filter would be all the atmospheric air, showing in the figure only the molecules to which the filter does not pass, and to the left the elements or molecules that have managed to pass, which could be filtered again if it were necessary to make a second separation, it they would be stored and subsequently used directly or compressed in containers for later use. Missing krypton with diameter similar to xenon.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
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ES201700169A ES2692884B1 (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms |
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ES201700169A ES2692884B1 (en) | 2017-02-13 | 2017-02-13 | Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms |
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ES2692884A1 ES2692884A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
ES2692884B1 true ES2692884B1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
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US7008465B2 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-03-07 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Cleanable high efficiency filter media structure and applications for use |
KR101409421B1 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-06-18 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Fiber-based filter with nanonet layer and preparation method thereof |
US10201198B2 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2019-02-12 | Profit Royal Pharmaceutical Limited | Protective masks with coating comprising different electrospun fibers interweaved with each other, formulations forming the same, and method of producing thereof |
KR101674051B1 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-08 | (주)티에스피지인터내셔널 | Manufacturing method of multi-layer filter using rice husk by-products and multi-layer filter having rice husk by-products |
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