ES2692884B1 - Filtering system and procedure at the level of nanoparticles, molecules and atoms - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Filtering system and procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms.

Field of the Invention

In the desalination of seawater, purification of contaminated water, separation of viruses and bacteria, feeding of explosion engines, and in obtaining the components of air and seawater.

State of the art

The most advanced system currently for the separation of gases, liquids, etc., uses one or more layers of graphene to which multiple pores or perforations are artificially made. The system has some difficulty and its use has not yet been extended due to the limitations it has. With the present invention, said problems are solved by providing filter sieves of easy and economical manufacture that allow all types of filtration.

Object of the invention and advantages

Provide a simple filtering system, very useful and easy to apply for the separation of air elements, sea water and contaminated water.

To be able to reduce in a simple way the contribution of nitrogen to the engines.

Apply a higher proportion of oxygen to homes and to patients with pneumological problems.

Provide great and rapid permeability since the sieve only needs very few layers of atoms or filter molecules. Therefore, the separating system needs little energy, is very ecological or intervenes in very ecological processes.

Description of the invention

The filtering system and procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms consists in filtering by means of filter membranes or sieves, with a thickness of between 0.5 and 500 nm approximately, formed by one or several layers of atoms, and to which multiple pores or perforations are made, said membranes made among others: a) By electrolytic deposition. Through an electric current the metal is deposited, b) By chemical deposition. A chemical reaction causes the metal to reduce and deposit, c) By vacuum metallizing and d) By electrospray. The pores or perforations are made with continuous laser beam or ultra-short flash. You can also use UV light of wavelength of 185 nm and 254 nm used against bacteria, achieving multiple pores of a diameter smaller than the nanometer, being able to graduate the pore diameter, according to the gas or molecules that we want to separate. The diameter of the pore will be somewhat smaller than the atom or molecule of gas or element that we wish to reject. Ultraviolet light produces an oxidative perforation, which creates the molecular sieve. In the latter case it is essential to create the molecular sieve in two dimensions. The membranes will preferably be 10 to 20 nm thick. And preferably two-dimensional crystallized material will be used.

To produce the membrane, the material is applied by vaporization, chemical deposition, etc. to provide a homogeneous opaque layer and as thin as possible. Even several layers of graphene can be used to which the multiple perforations or pores are subsequently applied by means of a laser or ultraviolet beam.

In the end a sieve is obtained, which provides great permeability, in a simple, economical way and with a wide range of possibilities of use.

As a substrate, a sheet with several layers of graphene oxide having the largest pores can be used.

Pre-filters of suspended particles, microalgae, microorganisms, etc. can be added in front of the membranes.

The membrane can be cleaned periodically by reversing the flow of the filtrate fluid through the pores.

A small pressure or suction is sufficient to produce the filtrate.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic and elevation view of a membrane or sieve portion of the invention using several layers of atoms, on a substrate.

Figure 2 shows a schematic, partial and elevational view of a membrane portion on a substrate variant.

Figure 3 shows a schematic and partial elevation view of a portion of membrane or sieve, partially sectioned.

Figure 4 shows the most important elements found in the air.

More detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the invention, with a membrane or filter sieve portion (1) formed by five layers of atoms deposited on the substrate (2) which can be metallic.

Figure 2 shows a portion of membrane or filter screen (1) formed by five layers of atoms deposited on the non-metallic substrate (2) to which a metallic layer (3) has not been applied to it because it is not metallic. the deposition systems in which said substrate must be conductive can be applied.

Figure 3 shows a portion of membrane or filter screen (1a) formed by several layers of atoms once the substrate has been removed and to which the multiple pores (4) have been made for filtering.

In all cases the membranes are shown with the layers of atoms joined together in a compact way, but these can be more separated especially when the electrostatic forces intervene.

Figure 4 shows in an orderly way the most important elements or molecules found in the air, which have a kinetic diameter between 2.6 A and 4 A approximately, in this case the nanomolecular filter (1a) with pores of 3.5 A is used to separate oxygen from nitrogen among others. To the right of the filter would be all the atmospheric air, showing in the figure only the molecules to which the filter does not pass, and to the left the elements or molecules that have managed to pass, which could be filtered again if it were necessary to make a second separation, it they would be stored and subsequently used directly or compressed in containers for later use. Missing krypton with diameter similar to xenon.

Claims (14)

1. Filtering system at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms using ultra-thin membranes that have been made multiple pores or perforations comprising filter membranes or sieves, formed by one or more layers of atoms to which Multiple pores or perforations are made. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes are between 0.5 and 10 nm thick. 3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes have a thickness of more than 10 nm and less than 20 nm. 4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the membranes are between 20 and 500 nm thick. 5. System according to claim 1, characterized by carrying prefilters of suspended particles, microalgae and microorganisms in front of the membranes. 6. Filtering procedure at the level of particles, nanoparticles, molecules and atoms that consists in filtering by means of filter membranes or sieves consisting of one or more layers of atoms and to which multiple pores or perforations are made. 7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers of atoms by electrolytic deposition. 8. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers of atoms by chemical deposition. 9. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers by vacuum metallizing. 10. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are constructed with several layers by electrospray. 11. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the pores or perforations are carried out with a continuous laser beam. 12. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the pores or perforations are carried out with laser beam of ultra-short flashes. 13. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the pores or perforations are carried out with UV light of wavelength of 185 nm and 254 nm 14. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the membranes are cleaned periodically by reversing the flow of the filtrate fluid through the pores.