ES2656536B1 - Procedure of industrial palletization of containers and palletizing unit to carry it out - Google Patents
Procedure of industrial palletization of containers and palletizing unit to carry it out Download PDFInfo
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- ES2656536B1 ES2656536B1 ES201600673A ES201600673A ES2656536B1 ES 2656536 B1 ES2656536 B1 ES 2656536B1 ES 201600673 A ES201600673 A ES 201600673A ES 201600673 A ES201600673 A ES 201600673A ES 2656536 B1 ES2656536 B1 ES 2656536B1
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- containers
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- quincunx
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- transporter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/02—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors
- B65G47/04—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles
- B65G47/06—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from a single group of articles arranged in orderly pattern, e.g. workpieces in magazines
- B65G47/08—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from a single group of articles arranged in orderly pattern, e.g. workpieces in magazines spacing or grouping the articles during feeding
- B65G47/084—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from a single group of articles arranged in orderly pattern, e.g. workpieces in magazines spacing or grouping the articles during feeding grouping articles in a predetermined 2-dimensional pattern
- B65G47/088—Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from a single group of articles arranged in orderly pattern, e.g. workpieces in magazines spacing or grouping the articles during feeding grouping articles in a predetermined 2-dimensional pattern cylindrical articles
Abstract
Procedimiento de paletización industrial de envases y unidad de paletización para llevarlo a cabo, que comprende: una primera fase de distribución de los envases (2) en canales (7) en el pulmón/transportador (1), con ayuda de un distribuidor (8); y una segunda fase de formación del tresbolillo, en tres etapas: una primera etapa, de desplazamiento longitudinal de los envases (2) de canales (7) alternos con desfase apropiado para formar más tarde el tresbolillo, una segunda etapa de frenado de la segunda camada (2b) mediante dispositivo de freno (5), y una tercera etapa de encaje de los envases (2) para formar el tresbolillo que se lleva a cabo mediante un mecanismo de traslación (9) de placa magnética con pistas móviles (10).Process of industrial palletizing of containers and palletizing unit to carry it out, comprising: a first phase of distribution of the containers (2) in channels (7) in the lung / conveyor (1), with the help of a distributor (8) ); and a second phase of formation of the quincunx, in three stages: a first stage, of longitudinal displacement of the containers (2) of alternating channels (7) with appropriate phase shift to later form the quincunx, a second braking stage of the second litter (2b) by means of a brake device (5), and a third step of fitting the containers (2) to form the quincunx that is carried out by means of a translation mechanism (9) of magnetic plate with movable tracks (10) .
Description
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DESCRIPClbNDESCRIPClbN
PROCEDIMIENTO DE PALETIZACION INDUSTRIAL DE ENVASES Y UNIDAD DE PALETIZACION PARA LLEVARLO A CABOPROCEDURE OF INDUSTRIAL PALLETIZACION OF PACKAGING AND PALLETIZATION UNIT TO CARRY OUT IT
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La invencion, tal como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un procedimiento de paletizacion industrial de envases y a una unidad de paletizacion para llevarlo a cabo, que suponen una mejora del estado actual de la tecnica dentro de su campo de aplicacion.The invention, as expressed in the description of the present specification, refers to a process of industrial palletization of containers and a palletization unit to carry it out, which represent an improvement of the current state of the technique within its field of application .
Mas en particular, el objeto de la invencion se centra en un procedimiento y una unidad para llevar a cabo la formacion de pales de envases, en particular envases redondos, de perfil curvo o prismatico de mas de cuatro lados, cuya finalidad esencial es mejorar el aprovechamiento del espacio del pale, para conseguir paletizar mas cantidad de envases por pale y, en especial, conseguir la elimination de huecos en la formacion previa que se produce mediante el denominado pulmon paletizador, asf como la adicion de una fila extra de envases por camada, basandose, esencialmente, en la disposicion de los envases por canales previamente a su disposicion al tresbolillo, siendo un segundo aspecto de la presente invencion una unidad de paletizacion que dotada, esencialmente, de un sistema de canales para guiar los envases y una placa magnetica con pistas moviles, pemnite llevar a cabo dicho procedimiento.More particularly, the object of the invention is focused on a method and a unit for carrying out the formation of packaging pallets, in particular round containers, with a curved or prismatic profile of more than four sides, whose essential purpose is to improve the use of the pale space, to palletize more containers per pallet and, especially, get the elimination of holes in the previous formation that is produced by the so-called palletizer, as well as the addition of an extra row of containers per litter , based, essentially, on the arrangement of the containers by channels previously available to the quincunx, a second aspect of the present invention being a palletizing unit which, essentially, has a system of channels to guide the containers and a magnetic plate with mobile tracks, pemnite carry out said procedure.
CAMPO DE APLICACION DE LA INVENClbNFIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENCIB
El campo de aplicacion de la presente invencion se enmarca dentro del sector de la industria dedicada a la fabrication de instalaciones industriales de paletizacion, centrandose particularmente en el ambito de los envases.The field of application of the present invention is part of the sector of industry dedicated to the manufacture of industrial palletization facilities, focusing particularly on the field of packaging.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENClbNANTECEDENTS OF THE INVENCIBN
Como es sabido, en el transporte de envases, especialmente envases vacios, la cantidad de material que se transporta en un pale es muy pequena en comparacion con el volumenAs is known, in the transport of containers, especially empty containers, the amount of material that is transported in a pale is very small in comparison with the volume
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que ocupa sobre este ultimo, siendo el aire el principal componente de un pale de envases vacios. Por ello, conseguir introducir el maximo numero de envases en el pale se torna critico a la hora de reducir costes de logistica y transporte.that occupies on this last one, being the air the main component of a pale of empty containers. Therefore, to introduce the maximum number of containers in the pale becomes critical when it comes to reducing logistics and transport costs.
En cualquier caso, el pale de envases se divide en camadas que forman diferentes niveles separados por laminas de carton o similar y el maximo aprovechamiento del espacio en la camada se consigue formando un tresbolillo para el caso de envases redondos, de perfil curvo o prismatico de mas de 4 lados, o bien mediante una formacion reticular de filas y columnas rectas para el caso de envases de forma cuadrada o rectangular.In any case, the pale of packaging is divided into layers that form different levels separated by sheets of cardboard or similar and the maximum use of space in the litter is achieved by forming a quincunx for the case of round containers, curved or prismatic profile more than 4 sides, or through a reticular formation of straight rows and columns for the case of square or rectangular containers.
El aprovechamiento del pale se consigue, por una parte, garantizando que no se producen huecos en la camada debido a una incorrecta formacion del tresbolillo, y, por otra parte, logrando introducir el numero maximo de filas que permitan las dimensiones fisicas del pale.The use of pale is achieved, on the one hand, ensuring that there are no gaps in the litter due to an incorrect formation of quincunx, and, on the other hand, managing to introduce the maximum number of rows that allow the physical dimensions of the pale.
En la actualidad, estas dos problematicas estan solucionadas para el paletizado de envases cuadrados o rectangulares, pero siguen siendo un desafio para el resto de los envases anteriormente mencionados. Sin lugar a dudas, la formacion del tresbolillo es el principal inconveniente que presentan estos envases.At present, these two problems are solved for the palletizing of square or rectangular containers, but they remain a challenge for the rest of the aforementioned containers. Undoubtedly, the formation of quincunx is the main drawback of these containers.
Con los sistemas actuales, el mencionado tresbolillo se forma de forma natural, al ir introduciendo los envases en un pulmon/transportador desde el que, posteriormente y mediante la utilization de una placa magnetica, son trasladados en camadas al pale situado a continuation, siendo esta forma de ordenacion la mas estable para los envases que estan siendo traccionados por el propio transportador. Sin embargo, con este sistema se pueden presentar situaciones de bloqueo entre los propios envases que dan origen a los mencionados huecos.With the current systems, the mentioned quincunx is formed naturally, when introducing the containers in a lung / transporter from which, later and by means of the utilization of a magnetic plate, they are transferred in litters to the pale located next, being this ordering form the most stable for the containers that are being pulled by the transporter itself. However, with this system situations of blockage can occur between the containers themselves that give rise to the aforementioned holes.
Por su parte, la adicion de una fila extra normalmente presenta la problematica de la “no complementariedad" entre las filas de los extremos de cada camada, es decir la primera y la ultima, han de encajar por igual en el formero, lo cual, ademas, da origen a problemas a la hora de una correcta paletizacion mediante los sistemas convencionales.On the other hand, the addition of an extra row usually presents the problematic of the "non-complementarity" between the rows of the ends of each litter, that is, the first and the last, they must fit equally in the former, which, In addition, it gives rise to problems when it comes to correct palletization using conventional systems.
Dicho formero es un dispositivo que, configurado en funcion de los perfiles que presenten los envases, se incorpora al final del pulmon/transportador y presenta configuration conSaid former is a device that, configured in function of the profiles that present the containers, is incorporated at the end of the lung / transporter and presents configuration with
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entrantes y salientes en los que encajan los envases de la primera fila de cada camada primera para que se adelanten intercaladamente la mitad de ellos, formando asi la formacion al tresbolillo.incoming and outgoing in which fit the containers of the first row of each first litter so that half of them are interspersed, thus forming the staggered formation.
Conviene destacar, ademas, que en los sistemas convencionales, una vez frenada la segunda camada, se desplaza el formero unos centimetros en el sentido de avance de los envases. Este movimiento unido a la traccion que ejerce el propio pulmon/transportador sobre los envases genera una separacion entre la primera camada y la segunda, de manera que la placa magnetica puede acceder a recoger los envases de la primera camada para trasladarlos al pale. El formero tiene por lo tanto la mision de garantizar la estabilidad de la formacion de la camada en ese movimiento de separacion de camadas, ya que acomparia a la primera en su movimiento; movimiento que no es mas que de unos pocos centimetros.It should be noted, in addition, that in conventional systems, once the second layer has been braked, the former moves a few centimeters in the forward direction of the containers. This movement together with the traction exerted by the lung / transporter on the containers generates a separation between the first and second litter, so that the magnetic plate can access to collect the containers of the first litter to move them to the pale. The fordor has therefore the mission of guaranteeing the stability of the formation of the litter in that movement of separation of litters, since it would accompany the first in its movement; movement that is not more than a few centimeters.
El objetivo de la presente invencion es, pues, solucionar tanto la aparicion de huecos como la inclusion del numero maximo de filas en el pale por medio de un mejorado procedimiento de disposicion de los envases a traves de su disposicion por calles previa a la formacion del tresbolillo.The objective of the present invention is, therefore, to solve both the appearance of holes and the inclusion of the maximum number of rows in the pale by means of an improved method of arrangement of the containers through their provision by streets prior to the formation of the quincunx.
Por otra parte, y como referenda al estado actual de la tecnica, cabe serialar que, al menos por parte del solicitante, se desconoce la existencia de ningun otro procedimiento ni unidad de paletizacion industrial de envases que presenten unas caracteristicas tecnicas, estructurales y constitutivas iguales o semejantes a las que presentan los aqui preconizados, segun se reivindica.On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it should be noted that, at least on the part of the applicant, the existence of any other procedure or unit of industrial palletization of containers that have the same technical, structural and constitutive characteristics is unknown. or similar to those presented here advocated, as claimed.
EXPLICACI6N DE LA INVENClbNEXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
El procedimiento de paletizacion industrial de envases y la unidad de paletizacion para levarlo a cabo que la invencion propone se configuran, pues, como una novedad dentro de su campo de aplicacion, estando los detalles caracterizadores que les distinguen convenientemente recogidos en las reivindicaciones finales que acomparian a la presente description.The process of industrial palletization of containers and the palletization unit to carry it out that the invention proposes are configured, therefore, as a novelty within its field of application, being the characterizing details that distinguish them conveniently collected in the final claims that would accompany to the present description.
Como se ha apuntado anteriormente, lo que la invencion propone es un procedimiento y una unidad para llevar a cabo la formacion de pales de envases, en concreto envases redondos,As pointed out above, what the invention proposes is a process and a unit to carry out the formation of container walls, namely round containers,
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de perfil curvo o prismatico de mas de cuatro lados, que se paletizan formando camadas de filas agrupadas al tresbolillo, cuya finalidad es mejorar el aprovechamiento del espacio evitando la existencia de huecos en la formacion previa de las camadas en el pulmon/transportador, asi como la adicion de una fila extra de envases por camada.of curved or prismatic profile of more than four sides, which are palletized forming layers of rows grouped in quincunx, whose purpose is to improve the use of space avoiding the existence of gaps in the previous formation of litters in the lung / transporter, as well as the addition of an extra row of containers per litter.
Para ello, y de manera concreta, el procedimiento que la invencion propone comprende lo siguiente:For this, and in a concrete manner, the procedure proposed by the invention comprises the following:
- Una primera fase de distribution de los envases en canales, la cual se efectua en el pulmon/transportador, mediante la ayuda de un mecanismo distribuidor que es especifico segun sea el perfil de los envases: es decir, redondos, concavos o prismaticos regulares de mas de cuatro lados, para los que no influye la orientacion respecto de su eje, u ovalados o de un perfil cuya forma respecto de su eje si influye en la orientacion que se disponga para la formacion del tresbolillo.- A first phase of distribution of the containers in channels, which is carried out in the lung / transporter, by means of a distributor mechanism that is specific according to the profile of the containers: that is, round, concave or regular prismatic. more than four sides, for which the orientation does not influence with respect to its axis, or oval or of a profile whose shape with respect to its axis does influence the orientation that is available for the formation of the quincunx.
- Y una segunda fase de formacion del tresbolillo, la cual, a su vez, comprende las siguientes etapas:- And a second phase of formation of quincunx, which, in turn, comprises the following stages:
- Una primera etapa, donde se efectua un desplazamiento longitudinal de los envases de canales alternos para obtener un desfase de los envases en los canales contiguos que permita formar mas tarde el tresbolillo, mediante la utilization del conocido como formero, de geometria especifica en funcion del perfil de los envases, redondo u ovalado.- A first stage, where a longitudinal displacement of the alternating channels containers is made to obtain a phase shift of the containers in the adjacent channels that allows forming the quincunx later, through the use of the known as the former, of specific geometry depending on the profile of the containers, round or oval.
- Una segunda etapa de bloqueo de envases de la segunda camada en el pulmon/transportador, es decir, los envases posteriores a los que forman la camada a paletizar, lo cual se lleva a cabo mediante un dispositivo de movimiento vertical en direction al propio transportador que frena el avance de dichos envases de dicha segunda camada, al tiempo que se desplaza el formero unos centimetros en el sentido de avance de los envases para separar la primera camada de la segunda.A second stage of blockage of containers of the second layer in the lung / transporter, that is to say, the containers subsequent to those that form the layer to be palletized, which is carried out by means of a device of vertical movement in direction to the own conveyor that slows the advance of said containers of said second layer, while moving the former a few centimeters in the forward direction of the containers to separate the first layer from the second.
- Y una tercera etapa de encaje de los envases, que se lleva a cabo mediante una placa magnetica con pistas moviles, la cual al mismo tiempo recoge la camada de envases y la transporta al pale, consiguiendo que cada una de las pistas,- And a third stage of fitting of the containers, which is carried out by means of a magnetic plate with mobile tracks, which at the same time collects the litter of containers and transports it to the pale, obtaining that each one of the tracks,
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coincidentes con los canales, logre recoger los envases de las mismas desplazandolas en sentido transversal para acercarlas entre si, formando el encaje a tresbolillo.coinciding with the channels, manage to collect the containers of the same moving them transversely to bring them closer to each other, forming the snap in quincunx.
Con ello se consigue aprovechar mejor el espacio del pale en cada camada, pues la disposicion en canales previamente a la separacion de las camadas, impide la formacion de huecos y facilita el aprovechamiento del espacio para incluir una fila mas en la camada a paletizar, al permitir efectuar dicha separacion en la fila que se quiera, pues aun estan los envases alineados, mientras que en los sistemas convencionales, la formacion previa del tresbolillo y la correspondiente configuration de la pieza denominada formero al final de la camada a paletizar, acorde a dicha formacion a tresbolillo, obligan a efectuar el frenado de las camadas en la fila con la formacion complementaria a dicho formero, siendo dicha fila una fila que para ciertos formatos de envases queda un espacio anterior al maximo posible, pues solamente es complementaria con el formero una de cada dos.This makes it possible to take better advantage of the space of the pale in each litter, because the provision in channels prior to the separation of litters, prevents the formation of holes and facilitates the use of space to include one more row in the litter to be palletized, allow to make said separation in the row you want, because they are still lined containers, while in conventional systems, the previous formation of quincunx and the corresponding configuration of the piece called former at the end of the litter to be palletized, according to said training in quincunx, require braking of the litters in the row with the complementary formation to said former, said row being a row that for certain formats of packaging is a space before the maximum possible, it is only complementary to the former a of every two.
Por su parte, la unidad de paletizacion para levar a cabo el descrito procedimiento comprende, esencialmente:For its part, the palletization unit to carry out the described procedure comprises, essentially:
- un pulmon/transportador dividido en canales longitudinales, que dan cabida a los envases agrupados alineadamente uno tras otro, contando con el numero necesario de canales en funcion de las dimensiones de dichos envases y del pale para dar cabida al maximo posible dispuestos al tresbolillo, estando provisto de un mecanismo de frenado para la segunda camada, constituido por un dispositivo de movimiento vertical en direction al propio transportador, asi como de un formero de perfil coincidente con el ancho de dichos canales;- a lung / transporter divided into longitudinal channels, which accommodate the containers grouped in line one after another, with the necessary number of channels depending on the dimensions of these containers and the pale to accommodate the maximum possible staggered, being provided with a braking mechanism for the second layer, constituted by a vertical movement device in the direction of the conveyor itself, as well as of a profiler coinciding with the width of said channels;
- y un mecanismo de traslacion de envases desde el pulmon/transportador al pale, que comprende una placa magnetica con multiples pistas moviles, coincidentes con los canales del pulmon/transportador, y que presentan un movimiento de desplazamiento transversal.- and a mechanism for transferring containers from the lung / transporter to the pale, comprising a magnetic plate with multiple mobile tracks, coinciding with the lung / transporter channels, and presenting a movement of transverse displacement.
Ademas, en la realization preferida, el pulmon/transportador incorpora, para conseguir la correcta distribution de los envases en los canales evitando que se produzcan atranques a la entrada los mismos que impidan el correcto llenado de estos y la formacion de huecos, un mecanismo distribuidor, el cual, por su parte, puede ser lineal o transversal, dependiendo de la forma geometrica del envase.In addition, in the preferred embodiment, the lung / transporter incorporates, in order to achieve the correct distribution of the containers in the channels, preventing the occurrence of blockages at the entrance which prevent the correct filling of these and the formation of voids, a distributor mechanism , which, on the other hand, can be linear or transversal, depending on the geometrical shape of the container.
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Ast, para el caso de envases en los que su orientacion respecto a su eje no influye en la formacion del tresbolillo, el mecanismo distribuidor es transversal, estando constituido por un conjunto de varillas o pletinas verticales, tambien llamados “dedos", que, con la ayuda de un movimiento transversal alternativo, impiden situaciones de bloqueo entre los propios envases a la entrada de los canales.Ast, for the case of containers in which their orientation with respect to their axis does not influence the formation of the quincunx, the distributor mechanism is transversal, being constituted by a set of vertical rods or plates, also called "fingers", which, with the help of an alternative transverse movement, prevent blocking situations between the containers themselves at the entrance of the channels.
Y, para el caso de envases en los que su orientacion respecto a su eje sf que influye en la formacion del tresbolillo, el mecanismo distribuidor es lineal y, de igual modo, sera el encargado de ir llenando los canales alternativamente, garantizando asi que todos los envases lo hacen con la misma orientacion. Para ello, dicho distribuidor lineal esta constituido por un mecanismo de corredera encargado de transformar el movimiento rectilineo en una variacion del angulo de un brazo articulado.And, in the case of packaging in which its orientation with respect to its axis does influence the formation of the quincunx, the distributor mechanism is linear and, likewise, it will be responsible for filling the channels alternately, thus ensuring that all the containers do it with the same orientation. For this, said linear distributor is constituted by a sliding mechanism responsible for transforming the rectilinear movement into a variation of the angle of an articulated arm.
Dicho brazo, ademas, incorpora un sistema de frenado de los envases en su salida para poder liberarlos en el momento oportuno, es decir cuando el brazo este alineado con el canal donde se desea introducir el envase.Said arm, besides, incorporates a system of braking of the containers in their exit to be able to release them in the opportune moment, that is to say when the arm is aligned with the channel where it is desired to introduce the container.
La traccion de los envases a traves del brazo se Neva a cabo, preferentemente, mediante el propio transportador/pulmon, si bien tambien se puede facilitar la evacuacion de los envases al pasar por el brazo mediante la propulsion de una corriente de aire o similar. Esto ultimo otorga una mayor velocidad de evacuacion de envases que, consecuentemente, deriva en un incremento de produccion del paletizador.The pulling of the containers through the arm is preferably carried out by the transporter / lung itself, although it is also possible to facilitate the evacuation of the containers when passing through the arm by propulsion of an air current or the like. The latter gives a greater speed of evacuation of containers that, consequently, leads to an increase in palletizer production.
Visto lo que antecede, se constata que el descrito procedimiento de paletizacion industrial de envases y la unidad de paletizacion para llevarlo a cabo representan una innovation de caracteristicas estructurales y constitutivas desconocidas hasta ahora para el fin a que se destinan, razones que unidas a su utilidad practica, la dotan de fundamento suficiente para obtener el privilegio de exclusividad que se solicita.Considering the above, it is noted that the described procedure of industrial palletization of containers and the unit of palletization to carry it out represent an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now for the purpose to which they are intended, reasons that together with their usefulness practice, they provide it with sufficient grounds to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.
DESCRIPClbN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la description que se esta realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprension de las caracteristicas de la invention, se acompana a la presenteTo complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, it is accompanied to the present
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memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, de unas hojas de dibujos en que, con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:descriptive memory, as an integral part thereof, of some sheets of drawings in which, with illustrative and non-limiting character, the following has been represented:
Las figuras numero 1-A,1-B, 2-A, 2-B y 3.- Muestran respectivas vistas esquematicas, en planta superior, de la alimentacion de camadas en el pulmon/transportador segun la tecnica anterior, donde los envases a paletizar se disponen formando directamente la disposition al tresbolillo, mostrando las figura 1-A y 1-B el frenado de las filas tal como se viene realizando hasta ahora, para que exista complementariedad con el formero y las figura 2-A, 2-B y 3, donde ya no se ha representado el pale, la falta de dicha complementariedad si se frenan los envases en una fila previa.Figures 1-A, 1-B, 2-A, 2-B and 3-show respective schematic views, on the upper floor, of the litter feed in the lung / transporter according to the prior art, where the packages to palletizing are arranged directly forming the staggered disposition, showing the figure 1-A and 1-B the braking of the rows as has been done so far, so that there is complementarity with the former and figures 2-A, 2-B and 3, where the pale is no longer represented, the lack of such complementarity if the containers are stopped in a previous row.
Las figuras numero 4, 5, 6 y 7.- Muestran diferentes fases del procedimiento de la invencion, mostrando tambien la alimentacion de camadas por canales en el pulmon/transportador.Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7.- They show different phases of the process of the invention, also showing the feeding of litters by channels in the lung / transporter.
La figura numero 8.- Muestra una vista esquematica en planta de un ejemplo de la unidad de paletizacion objeto de la invencion, apreciandose las partes y elementos que comprende, estando dicho ejemplo dotado de distribuidor de envases transversal.Figure 8 shows a schematic plan view of an example of the palletizing unit object of the invention, the parts and elements comprising being appreciated, said example being provided with a transversal container distributor.
Y la figura numero 9.- Muestra una vista esquematica en planta de una portion de otro ejemplo de unidad de paletizacion, segun la invencion, en este caso dotada de distribuidor de envases lineal.And the figure number 9.- Shows a schematic plan view of a portion of another example of palletizing unit, according to the invention, in this case equipped with a linear container distributor.
REALIZAC|6n preferente de LA INVENCI6NPREFERRED REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION
A la vista de las mencionadas figuras, y de acuerdo con la numeration adoptada, se puede apreciar en ellas la diferencia de procedimiento entre los sistemas actuales y el que propone la invencion, asi como un ejemplo de realizacion no limitativo de la unidad de paletizacion industrial de envases para llevar a cabo el procedimiento objeto de la invencion, habiendose utilizado en dichas figuras las siguientes referencias numericas para senalar los diferentes elementos:In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numeration adopted, it can be seen in them the procedural difference between the current systems and the one proposed by the invention, as well as an example of non-limiting realization of the industrial palletization unit. of packages for carrying out the process object of the invention, having used in said figures the following numerical references to indicate the different elements:
1. pulmon/transportador1. lung / transporter
2. envases, 2a primera camada, 2b segunda camada, 2c fila, 2d hilera2. packaging, 2nd first litter, 2nd second litter, 2nd row, 2nd row
3. zona entrada3. entrance area
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4. pale4. pale
5. dispositivo de freno5. brake device
6. formero6. formero
7. canales7. channels
8. mecanismo distribuidor8. distributor mechanism
9. mecanismo traslacion9. translation mechanism
10. placa magnetica de pistas moviles10. magnetic plate of mobile tracks
11. unidad de paletizacion11. palletizing unit
12. guias longitudinales12. longitudinal guides
13. varillas verticales13. vertical rods
14. travesano14. Crossbar
15. mecanismo de corredera15. sliding mechanism
16. brazo articulado16. articulated arm
17. medios de frenado17. braking means
Asi, atendiendo a las figuras 1-Ay 1-B, se aprecia como, en los sistemas convencionales, en un pulmon/transportador (1) se introducen los envases (2), desde la zona de entrada (indicada mediante la flecha referenciada como (3) en las figuras), empujados de manera que, de forma natural, directamente van formando una disposition al tresbolillo sobre el propio pulmon/transportador (1) y, cuando se efectua el frenado de la segunda camada (2b) para separarla de la primera camada (2a) que ya ocupa el pale (4), mediante un dispositivo de freno (5), dicho frenado se efectua con el tresbolillo ya formado, tal como se observa en la figura 1-A.Thus, according to figures 1-A and 1-B, it is seen how, in conventional systems, in a lung / transporter (1) the containers (2) are introduced, from the entrance area (indicated by the arrow referenced as (3) in the figures), pushed so that, naturally, they directly form a staggered arrangement on the lung / transporter (1) itself and, when the braking of the second layer (2b) is carried out to separate it from the first litter (2a) that already occupies the pale (4), by means of a braking device (5), said braking is done with the quincunx already formed, as shown in Figure 1-A.
Como se puede observar en dicha figura, con el sistema convencionai se desaprovechan los espacios de la primera fila (2c) de envases de la segunda camada (2b), que ya estan ocupando el extremo final del pale (4), pero quedan relegados a la segunda camada.As it can be observed in said figure, with the conventional system the spaces of the first row (2c) of containers of the second layer (2b) are lost, which are already occupying the final end of the pale (4), but are relegated to the second litter
Cabria la tentacion de frenar los envases de la segunda camada (2b) en una fila posterior, tal como muestra la figura 2-A, y aprovechar de esta manera las dimensiones del pale (4) al maximo. Sin embargo esto unicamente serfa posible llevarlo a cabo en la primera camada (2a) ya que en las sucesivas camadas se generarian huecos en la fila proxima al formero (6), que es la pieza que alinea los envases (2) en el extremo final de su recorrido.There would be the temptation to stop the containers of the second layer (2b) in a subsequent row, as shown in Figure 2-A, and thus take advantage of the pale (4) dimensions to the maximum. However, this would only be possible to carry out in the first layer (2a) since in the successive layers, gaps would be generated in the row next to the former (6), which is the piece that aligns the containers (2) at the final end of your journey.
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En efecto, como se observa en las figuras 1-A y 1-B, la primera fila (2c) de la segunda camada (2b) encajara con el perfil del formero (6) al ser la disposition de los envases que forman dicha fila complementaria a dicho perfil (las lineas de trazo muestran en la figure 1-B su colocation cuando sean desplazados hasta el formero. Sin embargo, como muestran las figures 2-A, 2-B y 3, si se realiza el frenado en una fila (2c) posterior, la complementariedad con el formero (6) ya no existe, las sucesivas camadas dejarian de ser complementarias a dicho formero (6), tal como muestran las lineas de trazo de la figure 2-B, y eso imposibilitaria el correcto aprovechamiento del pale (4), al estar el tresbolillo ya formado y los envases encajados entre si, pues los envases no pueden avanzar hasta completar los huecos praximos al formero (6) pues estan encajados entre si.Indeed, as shown in Figures 1-A and 1-B, the first row (2c) of the second layer (2b) will fit with the profile of the former (6) as the arrangement of the containers forming said row complementary to this profile (the line lines show in Figure 1-B their colocation when they are moved to the former.) However, as shown in figures 2-A, 2-B and 3, if the braking is performed in a row (2c) later, the complementarity with the former (6) no longer exists, the successive litters would cease to be complementary to said former (6), as shown by the trace lines of figure 2-B, and that would make the correct use of the pale (4), to be the staggered already formed and the containers fitted together, because the containers can not advance until completing the holes near the formero (6) because they are fitted together.
Para evitar esta problematica, el procedimiento de la invention comprende:To avoid this problem, the method of the invention comprises:
- Una primera fase de distribution de los envases (2) en canales (7) longitudinales a lo largo del transportador (1), como muestra la figure 4, con ayuda de un distribuidor (8).- A first phase of distribution of the containers (2) in longitudinal channels (7) along the conveyor (1), as shown in figure 4, with the help of a distributor (8).
- Y una segunda fase de formation del tresbolillo, en tres etapas:- And a second phase of formation of the quincunx, in three stages:
- Una primera etapa, donde se efectua un desplazamiento longitudinal de la hileras (2d) de los envases (2) en los canales (7) alternos que, como muestra la figure 5, determina un desfase de dichos envases (2) en los canales (7) contiguos, desfase apropiado para formar mas tarde el tresbolillo, y que se efectua mediante un formero (6) representado en la figure 6.- A first stage, where a longitudinal displacement of the rows (2d) of the containers (2) is carried out in the alternate channels (7) which, as shown in figure 5, determines a lag of said containers (2) in the channels (7) contiguous, appropriate phase shift to later form the quincunx, and that is done by a former (6) represented in figure 6.
- Una segunda etapa de frenado de la segunda camada (2b) en el pulmon/transportador (1), que se efectua mediante un dispositivo de freno (5), como muestra la figure 6, al tiempo que se desplaza el formero unos centimetres en el sentido de avance de los envases para separar la primera camada (2a) de la segunda camada (2b).- A second braking step of the second layer (2b) in the lung / transporter (1), which is carried out by means of a brake device (5), as shown in figure 6, while the former moves about a centimeter in length. the direction of advance of the containers to separate the first layer (2a) from the second layer (2b).
- Y una tercera etapa de encaje de los envases (2) pare formar el tresbolillo que, como muestra la figure 7, se lleva a cabo mediante un mecanismo de traslacion (9), conformado por una placa magnetica con pistas moviles (10), que al mismo tiempo recoge la camada de envases y la transporta al pale (4), desplaza los envases de- And a third stage of fitting of the containers (2) to form the quincunx which, as shown in figure 7, is carried out by means of a translation mechanism (9), formed by a magnetic plate with movable tracks (10), that at the same time collects the litter of containers and transports it to the pale (4), displaces the containers of
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los canales (7) en sentido transversal para acercarlos entre si, formando el encaje a tresbolillo.the channels (7) in the transverse direction to bring them closer to each other, forming the lace in quincunx.
Por su parte, como se observa en las figuras 8 y 9, la unidad (11) de paletizacion para llevar a cabo este procedimiento, comprendiendo de manera conocida un pulmon/transportador (1) con dispositivo de freno (5) y un formero (6) para incorporar envases (2) por camadas sucesivas (2a, 2b) en un pale (4), dispuestos al tresbolillo, se distingue esencialmente por contar, en dicho pulmon/transportador (1), con una serie de guias (12) longitudinales que determinan correspondientes canales (7) donde se distribuyen los envases (2) alineados, uno tras otro, en hileras (2d) desde la zona de entrada (3), estando el formero (6) dotado de un perfi! coincidente con el ancho de dichos canales (7), y con un mecanismo de traslacion (9) de envases desde el pulmon/transportador (1) al pale (4), que comprende una placa magnetica con pistas moviles (10), coincidentes en numero y disposition, con los canales (7) del pulmon/transportador (1), presentando dichas pistas moviles (10) un movimiento de desplazamiento transversal mediante actuadores (18), una longitud similar al largo del pale (4) y una distancia entre centros similar a la distancia entre centros de canales (7).For its part, as seen in figures 8 and 9, the palletising unit (11) to carry out this procedure, comprising in a known manner a lung / conveyor (1) with brake device (5) and a former ( 6) to incorporate containers (2) by successive litters (2a, 2b) in a pale (4), arranged in quincunx, is distinguished essentially by counting, in said lung / transporter (1), with a series of guides (12) longitudinals that determine corresponding channels (7) where the containers (2) are distributed aligned, one after the other, in rows (2d) from the entrance area (3), the former (6) being provided with a profile; coinciding with the width of said channels (7), and with a mechanism of transfer (9) of packages from the lung / transporter (1) to the pale (4), which comprises a magnetic plate with movable tracks (10), coinciding in number and disposition, with the channels (7) of the lung / transporter (1), said movable tracks (10) presenting a transverse movement movement by means of actuators (18), a length similar to the length of the pale (4) and a distance between centers similar to the distance between channel centers (7).
Es importante destacar que dicha distancia entre centros siempre sera regulable para poder adaptarse a distintos formatos o medidas de envases, para lo cual, tanto las guias (12) que determinan los canales (7) del pulmon/transportador (1) como las pistas moviles (10) del mecanismo de traslacion (9) son adaptables a distintos anchos de envase.It is important to note that this distance between centers will always be adjustable to be able to adapt to different formats or packaging measures, for which, both the guides (12) that determine the channels (7) of the lung / transporter (1) and the mobile tracks (10) of the translation mechanism (9) are adaptable to different packaging widths.
De este modo, la placa magnetica con pistas moviles (10) se sitiia sobre la primera camada (2a), entre el formero (6) y el dispositivo de freno (5) de envases, y mediante un movimiento en sentido de bajada consigue que cada una de las pistas logre recoger su respectiva hilera de envases (2) de cada canal (7) para, mediante otro movimiento en sentido de subida, conseguir elevar todas las hileras y filas de envases (2) que componen la camada inicial (2a).In this way, the magnetic plate with movable tracks (10) is placed on the first layer (2a), between the former (6) and the brake device (5) of containers, and by means of a movement in the downward direction it achieves that each of the tracks is able to collect their respective row of containers (2) of each channel (7) to, by another movement in the upward direction, achieve raise all the rows and rows of containers (2) that make up the initial layer (2a) ).
Este mecanismo de traslacion (9) dispone tambien de medios de desplazamiento de las pistas moviles (10) en sentido transversal, las unas respecto a las otras, que las aproxima entre si, haciendo encajar los envases de los canales (7) contiguos, y que previamente se han desplazado ligeramente en sentido longitudinal para conformar la formation al tresbolillo.This translation mechanism (9) also has means for moving the movable tracks (10) in transverse direction, one with respect to the other, which brings them closer to each other, by fitting the containers of the adjacent channels (7), and previously they have moved slightly in the longitudinal direction to form the formation in quincunx.
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Como se ha senalado anteriormente, en la realization preferida, el pulmon/transportador (1) incorpora un mecanismo distribuidor (8) en la zona de entrada (3) de los envases (2), para favorecer la correcta distribution de los mismos (2) en los canales (7), que es transversal o lineal, dependiendo de la forma geometrica del envase.As indicated above, in the preferred embodiment, the lung / transporter (1) incorporates a distributor mechanism (8) in the entrance area (3) of the containers (2), to favor the correct distribution thereof (2). ) in the channels (7), which is transverse or linear, depending on the geometrical shape of the container.
En las figuras 4 y 5 se aprecian claramente los mencionados canales (7) que determinan las gufas (12) del pulmon/transportador (1), mostrando un ejemplo de envases (2) con perfil ovalado, por tanto con un perfil cuya orientation respecto a su eje influye en la formation del tresbolillo.Figures 4 and 5 clearly show the mentioned channels (7) that determine the guides (12) of the lung / transporter (1), showing an example of containers (2) with oval profile, therefore with a profile whose orientation with respect to to its axis it influences the formation of quincunx.
Atendiendo a la figura 8, cuando los envases (2) tienen un perfil cuya orientation respecto a su eje no influye en la formation del tresbolillo, por ejemplo los que son redondos, el mecanismo distribuidor (8) es un mecanismo transversal, estando constituido por un conjunto de varillas verticales (13) incorporadas en un travesano (14) dotado de medios que las dota de movimiento transversal alternative, a la entrada de los canales (7), impidiendo atascos de los envases (2) en dicha zona.Referring to figure 8, when the packages (2) have a profile whose orientation with respect to its axis does not influence the formation of the quincunx, for example those that are round, the distributor mechanism (8) is a transverse mechanism, being constituted by a set of vertical rods (13) incorporated in a crossbar (14) provided with means that provide them with alternative transverse movement, at the entrance of the channels (7), preventing jams of the containers (2) in said area.
Y, como muestra la figura 9, cuando los envases tienen un perfil donde su orientation respecto a su eje si que influye en la formation del tresbolillo, por ejemplo los que son ovalados, el mecanismo distribuidor (8) es lineal, estando constituido por un mecanismo de corredera (15) al que se incorpora un brazo articulado (16) a traves del cual pasan los envases (2), y de tal modo que el movimiento rectilineo de un extremo de dicho brazo articulado (16) se transforma en una variation del angulo del brazo para ir depositando los envases ordenadamente en los diferentes canales (7).And, as shown in Figure 9, when the containers have a profile where their orientation with respect to their axis if it influences the formation of the quincunx, for example those that are oval, the distributor mechanism (8) is linear, being constituted by a sliding mechanism (15) to which is incorporated an articulated arm (16) through which the containers (2) pass, and in such a way that the rectilinear movement of one end of said articulated arm (16) becomes a variation of the angle of the arm to deposit the containers neatly in the different channels (7).
Dicho brazo, ademas, incorpora en su extremo de salida de los envases (2) unos medios de frenado (17) de los envases para poder liberarlos en el momenta oportuno, es decir cuando el brazo este alineado con el canal (7) correspondiente.Said arm, furthermore, incorporates at its outlet end of the containers (2) braking means (17) of the containers to be able to release them at the appropriate time, ie when the arm is aligned with the corresponding channel (7).
Ademas, la traction de los envases (2) a traves de este brazo articulado (16) se ileva a cabo mediante el propio movimiento del pulmon/transportador (1) u, opcionalmente, ayudado de una corriente de aire insuflado por un compresor o medio similar (no representados) previsto al efecto que le otorga mayor velotidad.In addition, the traction of the containers (2) through this articulated arm (16) is effected by the movement of the lung / transporter (1) itself or, optionally, assisted by a current of air blown by a compressor or medium similar (not represented) foreseen to the effect that grants greater velotidad.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invencion, asf como la manera de ponerla en practica, no se considera necesario hacer mas extensa su explicacion para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, 5 haciendose constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podra ser llevada a la practica en otras formas de realizacion que difieran en detalle de la indicada a titulo de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzara igualmente la protection que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental.Having sufficiently described the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages derived therefrom, 5 stating that , within its essentiality, may be carried out in other forms of realization that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and which will also reach the protection that is sought provided that it is not altered, change or modify its principle fundamental.
Claims (9)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201600673A ES2656536B1 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | Procedure of industrial palletization of containers and palletizing unit to carry it out |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES201600673A ES2656536B1 (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | Procedure of industrial palletization of containers and palletizing unit to carry it out |
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| ES2656536B1 true ES2656536B1 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3193078A (en) * | 1963-01-18 | 1965-07-06 | Emhart Corp | Article divider for conveyors |
| US3682290A (en) * | 1969-10-31 | 1972-08-08 | George E Von Gal Jr | Can palletizer |
| JPS59108617A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1984-06-23 | Shinriyou Seikan Kk | Can aligning device in empty can palletizer |
| US4723649A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-09 | Hartness International | Apparatus for aligning articles in parallel rows |
| DE19535907A1 (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-04-24 | Heye Hermann Fa | Device and method for formatting glass containers into a pallet layer |
| US7726464B2 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-06-01 | Alain Cerf | Apparatus for nesting bottles |
| US8235201B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-08-07 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Flight bar assembly, apparatus and methods for nestable collation of objects |
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